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![Page 1: CFD Modeling of Industrial Fire and Suppression Using … · CFD Modeling of Industrial Fire and Suppression Using HPC Yi Wang, Ph.D. ... – Sergey Dorofeev – Many others …...](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022022607/5b8233f97f8b9a2b6f8dfe18/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
CFD Modeling of Industrial Fire and Suppression Using HPC
Yi Wang, Ph.D.Group ManagerFire Dynamics GroupResearch Division, FM Global
2016 OLCF User Meeting, May 24-26, 2016
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
FM Global – A Unique Company Largest commercial and industrial property insurer “The majority of loss is preventable” Engineering and Research 180 years of loss prevention & mitigation
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Industrial & Commercial Fire
Annual loss in US: $3 billion Across all industries: manufacturing and storage
– Chemical– Semi-conductor, data center– Pharmaceutical – Forrest product – Mining– etc.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Fire Research Large scale tests Explosion Suppression Flammability Fire Modeling
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Fire Research
Testing and experimental– Largest fire testing lab
Modeling – 2000 core cluster
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Why CFD Modeling Large scale fire tests are:
– Expensive– Hard to quantify & generalize results– Limited by test facility & safety
Physical based fire model– Gain insight of fire test– Help design and interpret tests– Reduce number of large-scale fire tests
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Multi-Scales & Physics -- HPCFire Growth Suppression
Spray plume interaction
Water transport on fuel surfaces
Water interactions with fire
Buoyancy driven turbulence
Diffusion combustion
Convective & radiative heat transfer
Solid pyrolysis
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
OpenFOAM and FireFOAM Open source CFD toolboxes written
in C++– Unstructured mesh– Segregated solution– Pressure-based solver– 2nd order fully implicit scheme– Parallel computing: MPI – Object oriented programming
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
FireFOAM
A buoyancy-driven diffusion flame LES solver With fire specific sub-models Open source ( fmglobal.com/modeling )
FireFOAM
Gas phasecombustion
Soot & Radiation Pyrolysis Spray Surface water
flow
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Gas Phase Eqns: LES0j
j
ut x
ρρ ∂∂ + =∂ ∂
shj
s
t
tth
jj
sjs
xq
xhD
xDtpD
xhu
th ωνρ
ρρ ′′′+∂
′′∂−
∂∂
+∂+=
∂∂
+∂
∂
~
Pr
~~~
kYj
k
t
tk
jj
kjk
xYD
xxYu
tY ωνρ
ρρ ′′′+
∂∂
+∂=
∂∂
+∂
∂
~
Pr
~~~
Momentum
Sensible Enthalpy
Mass
Specie Mass Frac
( ) ii
ijk
k
i
j
j
it
jj
jii gxp
xu
xu
xu
xxuu
tu ρδννρ
ρρ +∂∂−
∂∂−
∂∂
+∂∂+∂=
∂∂
+∂
∂ ~
32~~~~~
Eddy-viscosity model
EDC combustion models
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Solid Phase: Pyrolysis
Heat transfer and chemical process
( )"r
s s pqTCp T k m H
t x x xρ ∂∂ ∂ ∂ ′′′= + + ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂
exp aEm ART
ρ − ′′′ = −
PyrolysisHeat transferChemical Kinetics
GasvCharvVirgin gc +→
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Coupling
Solid Liquid Gas
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Discrete Phase
Droplet transport: – Lagrangian Particle Tracking
Radiation: – Directional & spectral dependence
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Scale Up
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Projects in OLCF
Profiling Rack storage Roll paper Sprinkler atomization -- VOF IO improvement
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Profiling
Diagnostics12%
Spray2%
Film2%
U9%
Combustion1%Species
8%
Radiation23%
Energy4%
Pressure12%
Turbulence2%
User V5%
Pyrolysis15%
Others5%
FireFOAM
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Diagnostics Spray Film Gas Pyrolysis
Per
cent
age
48 CPU96 CPU192 CPU384 CPU
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Rack Storage
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Che
mic
al H
eat R
elea
se R
ate
[MW
]
Time [s]
7-tier, Wood-Pallet7-tier, No-Pallet
Scale Up
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Sprinkler Atomization -- VOF
Injection pattern– Velocity, droplet size, number, etc.– Laser diagnostics– Fire modeling inputs
Volume of Fluid (VOF) approach– First principle– Computational intensive
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
IO Improvement
OpenFOAM I/O– Many small files– Not scalable
ADIOS– Adaptive I/O system– Minimizes input/output bottleneck
Norbert Podhorszki, Karl Meredith, Mark Olesen
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Paper Burns Well!
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Fire Hazard – Test Experience
>20MW, 1-5MW/s– Paper type: weight based– Storage Height– Storage configuration
Standard array Open array
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Protection Challenges
Storage height increase– 15-20 meters or more
Open array
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Calibration Validation Prediction 26-lb paper test matrix
– Intermediate-scale parallel roll • 2.13m (1-roll high)
– Open Array• 4.26 m (2-roll high)• 6.39 m (3-roll high)• 8.52 m (4-roll high)
– Standard Array• 6.39 m (3-roll high)
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Mesh
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 20 40 60 80 100
Che
mic
al H
eat R
elea
se R
ate
[MW
]
Time [s]
Test, 2-rollTest, 3-rollTest, 4-rollModel, 2-rollModel, 3-rollModel, 4-roll
HRR Prediction for Different Heights
Peak Fire Growth Rate (MW/s)
5 seconds averageH Model Test
4.26 m 0.81 0.676.39 m 2.1 1.78.52 m 3.5 2.78
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
HPC for Industrial CFD
I/O and in situ diagnostics GPU
– Pressure Poisson Solver– Lagrangian droplet– Thermal radiation
Broader industrial user base of OpenFOAM
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Acknowledgement OLCF Staff
– Suzy Tichenor– Jack Wells– Ramanan Sankaran – Norbert Podhorszki– Many others ……
Team at FM Global– Karl Meredith– Ning Ren– Prateep Chatterjee– Ankur Gupta– Sergey Dorofeev– Many others …...
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FM Global
© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.© 2016 FM Global. Reprinted with permission. All rights reserved.
Thanks!
Questions?