CFD Course Introduction - Montenegro

8/10/2019 CFD Course Introduction - Montenegro

1/56

ttp://www.engines.polimi.it

POLITECNICODI MILANO

POLITECNICO DI MILANO

Department of Energy

Numerical modeling techniques for fluid machines modeling

ianluca Montenegro

Course introduction! C"D application e#amples


2/56



2

Degree in Mechanical Engineering with specalization in Energy PhD in Energy Engineering Research stay at Imperial College of London Assistant professor since 200! teaching "hermal Machine and

Energy #ystems and "MM$ Phone% &'( office 2)*(

Research and teaching on the following topics%

Powerplants and energy systems Com+,stion Internal combstion engines ",r+omachinery

$,el cells "hermodynamics After-treatment systems Aco,stics .,clear energy

$omething a%out me at Politecnico di Milano


3/56



$taffAngelo Onorati, Full Professor

Gianluca DErrico, Associate Professor

Gianluca Montenegro, Assistant Professor

Federico Piscaglia, Assistant Professor

Tommaso Lucchini, Assistant Professor

&esearch grants 'assegnisti(Tarcisio erri, !ost"doc researcher

Marco Fiocco, M#c, researcher

Andrea Montorfano, !ost"doc researcher

Augusto Della Torre, !ost"doc researcher

PhD studentsLuca ornolti, M#c

$o%erto Torelli, M#c M$c students&' !er (ear

)isiting PhDAalto , #idne(, halmers,

Frei%erg, )alencia, etc*+



4/56



urrent and future *e( issues+

Adanced FDLo- tem!erature com%ustion modelling

Gaseous fuels for s!ar* ignition engines ./G and h(drogen0

1nnoatie after"treatment s(stems .#$, DPF, de/O03

Do-nsi4ed tur%ocharged engines

))A s(stems, long"route EG$, actuation s(stems

Do,nsi-ing+

$upercharging

Alternati.e fuels

for I*C* engines

E#haust gas

after/treatment

Ad.anced com%ustion

process '0CCI(

Do,nsi-ing+

$upercharging

Alternati.e fuels

for I*C* engines

E#haust gas

after/treatment

Ad.anced com%u

stion

process '0CCI(



5/56



'

"undamental studies+ to im!roe the understanding of !h(sical

and chemical !rocess occurring in an internal com%ustion engine3

Applied research+ to !roide com!utational tools -hich can hel!

the designer in the deelo!ment of future engines3

P'chemicalpro%e(

Throttle ,al,es

to actuate the )1#

P'chemicalpro%e(

Throttle ,al,es

to actuate the )1#



6/56



5

$ilencers

E#haust after/treatment system! $C&+

T1C+ DOC+ DP"+ DeNO#

Air in2ection system

Com%ustion

Tur%ocharger

Inta3e system

NoiseE#haust

manifold

#im,lation of wa/e motion and chemical species transport! withreactions in the gas and solid phase along the eha,st d,cts)Integrated modeling of the main after-treatment de/ices% !"catal#st$ DP%$ DOC$ &C'$ (eNO) trap$ secon(ar# air

in*ection! etc))

+D,!D thermo-fl,id dynamic modeling

1-A&DN,Open%OAM/Lib,ICE of #)I) engines 1gasoline! nat,ralgas! hydrogen and C)I) engines 1Diesel! 3CCI)



7/56ttp://www.engines.polimi.it


6

A)L #313 engine emissions7 acoustics

AMMA TEC0* cou!ling of GTPo-er"O!enFOAM

LM$/IMAINE &D modelling, *no-"ho-

LIE40E&& 8D simulation of Diesel com%ustion7aftertr3

LAM4O&0INI &9) and &2) engine, &D"8D simulation

NI$$AN s!ar* !lug ignition mechanism

M)A5$TA &D"8D simulation of motorc(cle engines

PIAIO/AP&ILIA &D"8D simulation of motorc(cle engines

$EATE6 &D"8D simulation of marine Diesel engines

CATE&PILLA& ne- atomi4ation s(stems for Diesel engines

CONTINENTAL 8D modeling of direct in:ection7com%ustion "A5&ECIA &D"8D modeling of ehaust s(stem

MANETI MA&ELLI 8D modeling of direct in:ection7com%ustion

MA&6I) &D"8D modeling of inta*e s(stem

I"P LE##) FP6 !ro:ect, &D"8D cou!ling .GA#D;/"A)




=

Academic colla%orations

halmers >niersit(

1M"/$ /a!les

Ohio #tate >niersit(

>niersit( of niersit( of Genoa

>niersit( of Louain

>niersit( of /e- #outh ?ales of #(dne(

>niersit( of )alencia

>niersit( of ?isconsin>niersit( of @agre%

>niersit( of Eeter



POLITECNICODI MILANO1hat is C"D7

From )ersteeg and Malalase*era, An 1ntroduction to om!utational Fluid D(namics+Computational Fluid Dynamics or CFD is the analysis of

systems involving fluid flow, heat transfer and associated

phenomena such as chemical reactions by means of

computer-based simulation.

CFD is a subset of Computational Continuum Mechanics, which

includes- !umerical stress analysis- "lectromagnetics, including low- and high-fre#uency phenomena- $eather prediction and global oceanic%atmosphere circulation model- &arge scale systems galactic dynamics and star formation- Comple' heat and mass transfer systems- Fluid-structure interaction and similar coupled systems




#im!ler and short ans-er+

solving the !avier-(to)es e#uations with the help of a computerB

The goerning la-s of fluid d(namics are com!uted numericall(3

The com!le set of partial differential equations are sol.ed on ageometrical domaindiided into small olumes, commonl( *no-n as

a mesh.or grid0C

FD ena%les to simulate and understand fluid flo-s -ithout the hel! of

instruments for measuring arious flo- aria%les at desired locationsC

Other -a( of inter!reting the acron(m FD+ Colorful "luid D(namics

or Cure "itting until Doomsda(

1hat is C"D7



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D history

Aeros!ace industr( is the first and most !realent in the use of

numerical techniues, including FD

Earl( %eginning of FD in earl( &59s

First successes came to !rominence in the &69s

reation of the FD"serice industr( started in the &=9s

The FD industr( e!anded significantl( in the &9s

1n &9"s FD s!reads into automotie industr(, !o-er generation,

electronic cooling and chemical !rocessing

1n 2999s, FD is moing a-a( from traditional !h(sicsB of fluid flo-

and structural anal(sis to com!le, cou!led and non"linear euation

sets

/et challenge+ integration into a AD"%ased engineering !rocess



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D Today

$tate of the Art

/umerical modeling !art of !roduct design

1m!roements in com!uter !erformance

1m!roed !h(sical modeling and numerics

#ufficient alidation and e!erience

T-o"fold reuirements

Models for -ide area of !h(sics cou!ling

om!le geometr(, high"!erformance com!uting,

automatic meshing etc.



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D Today

&equirements on $oft,are Design

1ndustrial Enironment

1ntegration into AD"%ased !rocess

om!le geometr( and automatic meshing

$o%ust, fast and accurate solers

$esearch Organi4ations

Huic* and relia%le model im!lementation

E!erimentation -ith arious model forms

#e!aration %et-een !h(sics and numerics



POLITECNICODI MILANO1or3ing ,ith C"D

1or3 load! time spent in the different parts



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D in Aerospace Industry

#im!le, mainl( smooth geometr( in clear air -ith fe- moing !arts

$elatiel( sim!le flo-s, -ell controlled %oundar( conditions, clear

design !arameters, e3g3 lift and drag, stall conditions



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D in Automoti.e Industry

Automo%ile !roides a much -ider s!ectrum of FD

simulations+ inside and outside of the ehicle, engine simulation,!assenger comfort, aerod(namic noise, ehicle soiling

simulations

urrent generation of automo%ile is a com!le aerod(namic

deice in !roimit( to the ground+ difficult to anal(se ando!timi4e

1ncom!ressi%le flo- is onl( a !art of FD !ro%lems in an

automo%ile+ o!timi4ation of automotie com!onents %(

e!erimentation is e!ensie and time"consuming




#ingle"Phase 1ncom!ressi%le Flo-+

Eternal aerod(namics+ drag and lift7do-n"forceFlo- sta%ilit( and com!onent interaction>nder"hood com!artment flo- and thermal

managementPassenger com!artment flo-




1nternal om%ustion Engine #imulations+ $ich and com!le simulation enironment, inside and outside of the c(linder 1n"c(linder flo- inoles com!leit( from seeral sources+

" om!ressi%le fluid flo-, transonic on o!ening of ehaust ale

" Tur%ulence and insta%ilit(, energ( release from chemical reactions

" Large"scale flo- features controlling fuel"air miing

" om!le geometr(, moing %oundaries, o!ening and closing ales

" Diesel s!ra( modelling+ in:ection s!ra( d(namics, ea!oration,

com%ustion, s!ra("-all interaction, -all film formation

" 1gnition, chemical reactions, !ollutant formation and trans!ort



POLITECNICODI MILANO$etting up a C"D case

Mesh generation



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D &esources! mesh generators

OPEN/$O5&CE

GM#J

/etgen

#alome

Tetgen

COMME&CIAL

A)L Fire

Gam%it

Point-iseJar!oon

1cem"FD

#TA$"D

)ectis



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D &esources! sol.ers

OPEN/$O5&CE

odeKsaturne

1)A"8)

O!enFOAM

COMME&CIAL

A)L Fire

Ans(s Fluent

Ans(s F#tar"D

$icardo )ectis



POLITECNICODI MILANOC"D &esources! .isuali-ation

OPEN/$O5&CE

Paraie-

O!enD

)isit

COMME&CIAL

Ans(s F

Ans(s Fluent

Fire

Ensight

#tar"D


24/56


POLITECNICODI MILANOCurrent generation of C"D codes

/eed to coer a -ide range of a!!lications3

)er( %ig si4e and com!leit(3/e- models al-a(s reuired3

/umerical models increasing the accurac(3

Ph(sical models increasing the !redictie ca!a%ilit(3

&equirements

5ni.ersity

Adanced !h(sical and numerical models3

Possi%ilit( to customi4e the code to stud( ne- !ro%lems3

Industry

Automatic meshing, eas( !re" and !ost"!rocessing,

!aralleli4ation


25/56



1m!lementing ne- models in an eisting FD code

De.eloper engineer1t has access to the -hole source code

#ince the code is com!le, 5"&2 months are generall( s!ent to

understand ho- the code -or*s3

Once the model -as im!lemented, most of the time is s!ent intesting and alidation+

Model"to"model interaction3 Glo%al data can %e corru!ted %(

introducing ne- functionalities

Common users

>DF .user defined functions0+ The( allo- to im!lement some

models and to introduce them in the code3

The user does not *no- the underl(ing code structure and ho- it

interacts -ith the ne- added model3

Current generation of C"D codes


26/56


POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM

Open"OAM8 is and open source, freel( aaila%le FD

tool%o, licensed under theG/> General Pu%lic Licence,

-ritten in and highl( efficient o%2ect/oriented

programming3

1t uses finite olume numerics to

sole s(stems of !artial differential

euations ascri%ed on any 9D

unstructured mesh of

polyhedral cells3


27/56


POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM

Free"to"use means using the soft-are -ithout !a(ing for license and su!!ort,

including massi.ely parallel computers! free :;;;/CP5 C"D licensetilit( Li%raries

Thermo"!h(sical models .liuids and gasses0

hemical !ro!erties

/on"/e-tonian iscosit( models

Tur%ulence models .$A/# and LE#0

D(namic mesh and to!olog( changesA"!osteriori error estimation

Diesel s!ra( .atomi4ation, dis!ersion, heat transfer,

ea!oration, s!ra("-all etc.0

The Open"OAM code

POLITECNICO


39/56


POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM! post/processing

Para)ie,

Gra!hical !ost"!rocessing is !erformed %( using the o!en"source !latform

Para)ie,3 The data e!loration can %e done interactiel( in 8D or

!rogrammaticall( using Para)ie-s %atch !rocessing ca!a%ilities3

para"OAMconerts O!enFOAM data into Para)ie- format on"the"fl(3

POLITECNICO


40/56



#olers, utilties, test

Do(gen documentation

>ser"defined cases and a!!lications

O!enFOAM li%rar( im!lementation

Tutorial cases

om!iler o!tions

Open"OAM! code organi-ation

#tructure of the code

O!enFOAM

a!!lications

doc

user

src

tutorials

-ma*e

Applications!-ide range of solers aaila%le for the most common

FD !ro%lems, eam!le of ho- to use the O!enFOAM li%rar(

POLITECNICO

Th O "OAM d


41/56



$ummary on fundamentals

O%:ect"oriented a!!roach facilitates model im!lementation+ la(ered design

re"use

Euation mimic*ing o!ens ne- M grounds

Etensie ca!a%ilities alread( im!lemented

O!en design for eas( user customisation

"urther Info

For more info on O!enFOAM, !lease isit htt!+77---3o!enfoam3org

O!enFOAM resources+ htt!+77---3foamcfd3org O!enFOAM >ser Grou!+ htt!+77o!enfoam3cfd"online3com

O!enFOAM ?or*sho!s and #eminars

The Open"OAM code


42/56

POLITECNICO

Ad d C"D l


43/56


DI MILANO

"luid/$tructure Interaction

Le.els of "luid/$tructure Coupling- >nified mathematical model+ single euation set

- >nified discretisation method and %oundar( cou!ling consistenc(

- >nified solution !rocedure+ fluid structure matri soled in a single soler

Data Transfer- Data transfer and cou!ling significantl( easier+ %oth domains and

- Euations sets are im!lemented in the same soler- Data inter!olation routines alread( aaila%le+ !atch"to"!atch inter!olation

Ad.anced C"D e#amples

POLITECNICO

O "OAM d d li i


44/56


DI MILANOOpen"OAM ad.anced applications

$hip/hydrodynamics

$esearch grou! of Prof3 Eric Patterson from Penn"#tate >niersit(3

#imulation of multi!hase flo-s for shi! h(drod(namics

$urface/piercing foil

and %rea3ing ,a.esLE$ of su%/merged

near/$urface 2ets

POLITECNICO

O "OAM d d li i


45/56


DI MILANO

Detached Eddy $imulation for E#ternal Aerodynamics

Pushing state"of"the"art %( a!!l(ing Detached Edd( #imulation .DE#0to full car %od( eternal aerod(namics

1ncrease in simulation cost oer transient $A/# is oer & order of

magnitudeQ Automated meshing and simulation enironment, from #TL surface of

the car %od( to aeraged DE# results and forces Je"core mesher -ith near"-all la(ers and local refinement+ mesh is

designed to ma*e it good for second"order LE# numerics

3

Open"OAM ad.anced applications

POLITECNICO

O "OAM d d li ti


46/56


DI MILANO

Detached Eddy $imulation for E#ternal Aerodynamics

/o !arallel license cost of FD soler+ simulations run on 299 P>s

Open"OAM ad.anced applications

POLITECNICO

5D N$ ld fl


47/56


DI MILANO5DeN$! cold flo,

Numerical schemes accuracy+

Time: second order Space: third order

Pressure TKE spectrum

POLITECNICO

O "OAM t P lit i di Mil


48/56


DI MILANOOpen"OAM at Politecnico di Milano

:D/9D couping! Lam%orghini ):; Engine

4 ' into & :unction of the ehaust s(stem

1hole engine model ,ith A$DBN

9D 2unction

,ithOpen"OAM

POLITECNICO

O "OAM t P lit i di Mil


49/56



:D/9D couping! Lam%orghini ):; Engine

' into & :unction of the ehaust s(stem+ com!arison %et-een e!erimental

and com!uted data of !ressure -aes in the ehaust s(stem3

Pressure pulses at C;;; rpm

POLITECNICOOO "OAM t P lit i di Mil


50/56



:D/9D couping! Other applications

Inta3e plenums Comple# silencers

4 om!uted !ressure -ae !ro!agation

during one engine c(cle

Pressure -aes in a reerse cham%er

POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM at Politecnico di Milano


51/56


DI MILANO

$imulation of liquid film formation in a P"I engine

/a%er"$utland model to descri%edro!let"-all interactions .stic*,

s!read, s!lash, re%ound03 Film

ea!oration model included

Finite"area method to sole the

liuid"film euations on the mesh

surface3

Moie+ s!ra( liuid film formation

and ea!oration isosurfaces of fuel

mass fraction3

Open"OAM at Politecnico di Milano



52/56



POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM e#ample


53/56


DI MILANO

'

Open"OAM e#ample



54/56



POLITECNICODI MILANOOpen"OAM e.ents


55/56


DI MILANOOpen"OAM e.ents

4 Open"OAM ,or3shop+

&st ?or*sho!+ @agre%, Nanuar( 2995

2nd ?or*sho!+ @agre%, Nune 2996

8rd ?or*sho!+ Milan, Nul( 299= .more than 2'9 !artici!antsQ0

th ?or*sho!+ Montreal, Nune 299'th ?or*sho!+ Gote%org, Nune 29&9

5th ?or*sho!+ Penn #tate >niersit(, Nune 29&&

Open$ource C"D conference

&st onference+ London, Decem%er 2996

2nd onference+


56/56

DI MILANOOpen"OAM resources

htt!+77---3o!encfd3co3u*+ Do-nload of the official ersion .%inar(

and source code0 of O!enFOAM3 Lin* !roided to the discussion

grou!3

htt!+77---3foamcfd3org + Page maintained %( Jro:e Nasa*3

Eam!les of O!enFOAM ca!a%ilities, oerie- of the main

deelo!ment !ro:ects, slides, !a!ers and !hd theses -ith

O!enFOAM

htt!+77---3o!enfoam-i*i3net+ O!enFOAM -i*i3 1nformation a%out

the O!enFOAM code and #!ecial 1nterest Grou!s .#1G0 are

!roided in these !ages3

htt!+77o!enfoam"etend3-i*i3sourceforge3net+ Do-nload of the

O!enFOAM"de ersion3

CFD Course Introduction - Montenegro

Documents

Transcript of CFD Course Introduction - Montenegro