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Certification of UAS in the EASA Environment

DI Gerhard Lippitsch

Take Off- UAS towards Civil Applications

Graz, November 10, 2009

2DI Gerhard Lippitsch Take Off 10-Nov-2009

The Basics: Status 2009

� Focus of this presentation is:

� UAS, with manned Control Station, Type Certificated System,

Airworthiness Approval, Licensed personnel, with an operating

mass of more than 150 kg

� Type Certification, Environmental protection

� What is NOT content of this presentation:

� Model Aircraft, Deliverable Aircraft, uncontrollable Robot

vehicle, Rockets, Weapons,

� Operational Issues, Compliance with the Rules of the Air,

Integration in the non-segregated civil airspace


What is an UAS?

� Aircraft where the Pilot in Command is not on Board of the Vehicle

� Remotely Piloted, various levels of automation

� One or more control stations

� One or more data links

� Launch and recovery elements


What is NOT our theme today

� Model Aircraft


Certification of UASWHY?

� ICAO Chicago Convention 1944

� Consists of 96 Articles

� Article 31 requires a type certification of Aircraft

� ICAO Convention is applicable in all contracting states

� All EASA Members are contracting States of ICAO


Certification in the EASA Environment

� EASA is the responsible Body for Airworthiness and

Environmental protection within Europe

� Basic Regulation Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 Article 5 refers

to Airworthiness, Article 2(2)d refers to ICAO

� EASA Policy: Policy Statement E.Y013-01:

Compliance with Annex I of 216/08 Basic Regulation- „Essential

Requirements“

� Where Commission Regulation (EC) No 1702/2003 Article 2

Enforces Part 21:

„ Certification of aircraft and related products, parts and

appliances, and of design and production organisations“


Part 21 Certification of aircraft and related products,

parts and appliances, and of design and production

organisations

� Part 21consists of Subparts, the relevant Subpart is

� SUBPART B — TYPE-CERTIFICATES AND RESTRICTED

TYPE-CERTIFICATES

� First some general rules:

� 21A.11 Scope

� 21A.13 Eligibility

� 21A.14 Demonstration of capability

� 21A.15 Application


Key Issues of Part 21(1)

� Part 21 Subpart B

� Followed by key issues:

� 21A.16A Airworthiness codes

� 21A.16B Special conditions

� 21A.17 Type-certification basis

� 21A.18 Designation of applicable environmental protection

requirements and certification specifications

� 21A.19 Changes requiring a new type-certificate

� 21A.20 Compliance with the type-certification basis and

environmental protection requirements

� 21A.21 Issue of a type-certificate

� 21A.23 Issue of a restricted type-certificate




� then some additionals:

� 21A.31 Type design

� 21A.33 Investigation and tests

� 21A.35 Flight Tests




� And final rules:

� 21A.41 Type-certificate

� 21A.44 Obligations of the holder

� 21A.47 Transferability

� 21A.51 Duration and continued validity

� 21A.55 Record keeping

� 21A.57 Manuals

� 21A.61 Instructions for continued airworthiness


EASA Policy (1)

� Policy Statement E.Y013-01

„ Airworthiness Certification of UAS“

� 1. Introduction

� 2. UAS Definition

� 3. Policy Scope

� 4. Policy Objectives

� 5. Procedure for UAS typecertification

� 6. Specific guidance in complying with Part21

� subpart B


EASA Policy (2)


� „ Airworthiness Certification of UAS“

� 7. Guidance on Special Conditions

� 7.1 Emergency Recovery Capability

� 7.2 Command and Control Link

� 7.3 Level of Autonomy

� 7.4 Human Machine Interface

� 7.5 Control Station

� 7.6 Due to type of operation

� 7.7 System Safety Assessment


EASA Policy (3)


� „ Airworthiness Certification of UAS“

� 8. Other Issues

� 8.1 Certificate of Airworthiness

� 8.2 Noise certificate

� 8.3 Permit to fly

� 8.4 Continuing Airworthiness

� 8.5 ‘Detect & Avoid’

� 8.6 Security

� Appendix 1: Methodology for selecting the applicable

airworthiness code(s)

� Appendix 2: Methodology for tailoring the selected

airworthiness code(s)


Selection of the manned CS-The Kinetic Impact Energy approach

� Refers to the EASA Policy Statement Appendix 1


The tailored CS

� Refers to EASA policy Appendix 2

� Each Paragraph shall be reviewed and modified wherever

necessary according to the Task Force Rules (F, I, P, N/A)

� This modifications shall be substantiated in a short statement in

the CRI A-01

� Shall be accepted by EASA According 21A.17 (a) 1. (i)


EASA Type Certification Basis

� 21A.17 Type-certification basis

(a) The type-certification basis to be notified for the issuance of a

type-certificate or a restricted type-certificate shall consist of:

1. The applicable airworthiness code established by the Agency

that is effective on the date of application for that certificate

unless:

(i) Otherwise specified by the Agency; or

(ii) Compliance with later effective amendments is elected by the

applicant or required under paragraphs (c) and(d).

2. Any special condition prescribed in accordance with 21A.16B(a).


Special Conditions

� Special Conditions

� Laid down in „Certification Review Items“, in the FAA world

known as „Issue Papers“

� General Standard CRI‘s like Lightning, HIRF, 1309

� General UAV CRI‘s like GCS, C3-Link, FBW System, etc.

� Special Project CRI‘s like Engine Torque


Type Certifcate, Environmental protection, Continued airworthiness

� Type certificate may be

� A full TC or

� A restricted TC or

� A Permit to Fly

� Environmental protection requires a compliance with

� CS-36 „Aircraft Nose“, (similar to ICAO Annex 16)

� Continued Airworthiness:

� In most cases, Part M apply


Operational Issues related to Type certification (not limited to the following)

� Overall Safety Objective

� UAS Safety Objectives ('1309')

� Sense & Avoid : Airworthiness issues like installation of

equipment

� Command & Control & Communication (incl. Data Link,

Spectrum)

� Emergency Recovery, Flight Termination

� Control Station, Human – Machine Interface

� Launch & Recovery

� Auto Take Off & Landing

� More.....


Summary- the cooking book

� First define the project

� Then select a manned CS using the kinetic impact energy

approach according Appendix 1

� This CS is tailored using the tailoring principles in a Tailoring

Process acording Appendix 2

� A Set of Special Conditions is raised and laid down in CRI’s

� Finally a TC Basis can be defined

� Then compliance showing is executed

� A TC is issued by EASA

� Job done


Thank You for your attention

� Questions?

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