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Transcript of Certain materials are included under the Fair Use provision of U.S. copyright law and are restricted...
Certain materials are included under the Fair Use provision of U.S. copyright law
and are restricted from further use.
Americans felt a new sense of nationalism, a sense of patriotism and strong national identity.
In addition, with the demise of the Federalist Party (due to their opposition to the War of 1812), a new sense of national unity came about - the Era of Good Feelings; there were no major political party divisions.
Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry and contributed to the industrial revolution.
Democratic-Republican War Hawks carried on Federalist policies and beliefs like tariffs, trade, a strong nation with a strong army and navy, and energetic development of the nation’s economy.
Conditions after the War of 1812 fostered the development of industry.
Video ClipsThroughout this presentation, you will view a series
of video clips. On the next page in your spiral (after the page you’ll glue this handout on), you’ll take notes on these clips.
Title the page, Video Notes: Industrial Revolution.
Write the title of each clip, then take notes in a bulleted or numbered list.
You’ll use these notes for spiral assignments and for tests/quizzes.
Industrial Revolution
Changes in lives were so great the era was named the “Industrial Revolution”People left homes to work in mills Earned wages
Life Before the Industrial Revolution
Where did it begin?
EnglandTextile industry – making cloth
Textile Manufacturing before the Industrial Revolution
Technological Developments in English textile industry
Spinning JennyJames Hargreaves – c. 1770Could spin 8 threads at onceOperated by 1 personFaster production greater
amounts cheaper products
©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb 25, 2004
©http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspinning.htm/Feb. 35, 2004
©http://www.trowbridgemuseum.co.uk/tourspinning2.htm/Feb. 25, 2004
Water FrameRichard ArkwrightImproved Hargreaves’
ideasWater power would
now power machinery
©http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004
©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/011.html/Feb. 25, 2004
Arkwright’s improvement on Hargreaves’ invention – spinning frame
Spinning Mill Richard ArkwrightSeveral spinning
machines in a building
©http://www2.exnet.com/1995/10/10/science/science.html/Feb. 25, 2004
Power LoomEdmund CartwrightUsed water power to
run looms
©http://www.saburchill.com/history/chapters/IR/012.html, Feb 25, 2004
©http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blwaterwheel.htm, Feb. 24, 2004
©http://www.dundasloom.com, Feb. 25, 2004
The Industrial Revolution comes to the U.S.
Samuel SlaterPawtucket, Rhode
Island Rhode Island factory
System
©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi384.htm, Feb. 24, 2004
The Industrial Revolution Comes to America
Spinning frame from Slater’s factory - ©http://inventors.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://smithsonianlegacies.si.edu/objectdescription.cfm%3FID=131, Feb. 25, 2004
The Rhode Island System
Slater duplicated English technology
Mills made threadWomen in homes wove thread
into clothWhole families worked for mill
The Waltham-Lowell System
Francis Cabot LowellWaltham, MassachusettsLaunched the factory system –
bringing all manufacturing steps into one place to increase efficiency – raw fiber finished clothing or other product
“Lowell Girls” – advertised for local farm girls, who boarded at the factory
The industrial Revolution comes to New England
Geographic conditions in New England favored the development of industry Thin, rocky soil made farming difficult and made people
willing to find other forms of work Shipping and trade (commerce) had developed early in
colonial times Cities had developed near ports, providing people for
factory labor and transportation Swiftly flowing rivers could be diverted to run water
wheels for power source People had capital to invest (banks) unlike in the South
Canals connected factories to fast-flowing rivers
Water powered the machines.
Canal SystemPower drivesBoot Cotton Mills Museum Weave Room
National Park Service links -
Massachusetts becomes the Manufacturing Center of the North
New England’s Industrial Revolution
Factories and the Growth of Industrial Cities
Results of factory system
Employees no longer set own priorities, hours, conditions
Work conditions suffered – long hours for very low pay, no safety regulations
More results . . .
Women were first to protest factory conditionsChild laborPoor conditionsLed eventually to labor unions/labor laws
Meanwhile, in the South - Eli Whitney
1793 - Cotton GinProcessed 50x amount
of short-staple cotton than done by hand
©http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Feb. 25, 2004
The Cotton Gin
PATENT NUMBER: 72X
TITLE: Cotton Gin March 14, 1794 Eli Whitney
©http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blcotton_gin_patent.htm,Feb. 25, 2004
©http://www.eliwhitney.org/ew.html, Geb. 24, 2004
©http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/where/cotton.htm, Feb. 25, 2004
©http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/cotton_gin_patent/cotton_gin_patent.html,Feb. 24, 2004
Effects of Cotton Gin
Southerners were able to grow short-staple cotton profitably; this variety grew inland (as far as Texas), unlike sea island cotton
Cotton Kingdom - More and more invested in growing cotton
More effects . . .
Southerners who’d been seeking a cash crop to replace tobacco found it
England’s textile mills created a demand for cotton that the South filled
More effects . . .
Demand for labor increased demand for slaves increased.
1807-1808 – Slavery was not abolished (Constitutional Convention trade compromise)
Slave imports increase as cotton exports rise
Back to the Factories - Interchangeable Parts
Whitney’s most important inventionIdentical machine parts that could be
quickly put together to form a productGunsmithing – government contract
for muskets
The Impact of Interchangeable Parts
Interchangeable Parts
Repair easy – replace broken piece
Foundation for 20th century assembly line technology
Led to mass production lower cost for goods
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Change in lives of workersPoor pay and working conditionsLong hoursImmigrant population laborWomen work outside home
Urbanization (as people move to cities to work in factories)
Factory Work
Effects…
Further polarization of American economicsNorth – industry, businessSouth – agriculture, cotton,
slaveryGreater US industrial power