CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): Commissioning and ...
Transcript of CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS): Commissioning and ...
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 1
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS)
Commissioning and First Operation
Edda Gschwendtner ABATBEA
on behalf of the CNGS project and commissioning teams
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 2
1 Introduction2 Proton Beam Line Commissioning3 Secondary Beam Line Commissioning4 CNGS Operation 5 First Events at Gran Sasso (OPERA)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 3
CNGS ProjectCNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
A long base-line neutrino beam facility (732km)send νμ beam produced at CERNdetect ντ appearance in experiments at Gran Sasso
direct proof of νμ - ντ oscillation (appearance experiment)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 4
ντ minus Appearance Experiment
Poscστcc(arbitrary units)
νμ-fluence
Beam optimizationIntensity as high as possibleNeutrino energy matched for νμ-ντappearance experiments
Product of1 Oscillation probability
νμndash ντ
2 Production cross-section ντ with matter
3 νμ ndashfluence(E)+ Detection efficiency in the experiment
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 5
νe νμπe
μντ
τ
pnπK
ντ
Look for the τ lepton extremely difficult τ travels only less than 1 mm before decaying
)
Approachvery good position resolution (see the decay lsquokinkrsquo) OPERA
(ICARUS see status report at the next SPSC 3 Oct 2006)
Detecting ντ at Gran Sasso
5 years CNGS operation 1800 tons target30000 neutrino interactions~150 ντ interactions~15 ντ identifiedlt 1 event of background
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 2
1 Introduction2 Proton Beam Line Commissioning3 Secondary Beam Line Commissioning4 CNGS Operation 5 First Events at Gran Sasso (OPERA)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 3
CNGS ProjectCNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
A long base-line neutrino beam facility (732km)send νμ beam produced at CERNdetect ντ appearance in experiments at Gran Sasso
direct proof of νμ - ντ oscillation (appearance experiment)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 4
ντ minus Appearance Experiment
Poscστcc(arbitrary units)
νμ-fluence
Beam optimizationIntensity as high as possibleNeutrino energy matched for νμ-ντappearance experiments
Product of1 Oscillation probability
νμndash ντ
2 Production cross-section ντ with matter
3 νμ ndashfluence(E)+ Detection efficiency in the experiment
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 5
νe νμπe
μντ
τ
pnπK
ντ
Look for the τ lepton extremely difficult τ travels only less than 1 mm before decaying
)
Approachvery good position resolution (see the decay lsquokinkrsquo) OPERA
(ICARUS see status report at the next SPSC 3 Oct 2006)
Detecting ντ at Gran Sasso
5 years CNGS operation 1800 tons target30000 neutrino interactions~150 ντ interactions~15 ντ identifiedlt 1 event of background
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 3
CNGS ProjectCNGS (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso)
A long base-line neutrino beam facility (732km)send νμ beam produced at CERNdetect ντ appearance in experiments at Gran Sasso
direct proof of νμ - ντ oscillation (appearance experiment)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 4
ντ minus Appearance Experiment
Poscστcc(arbitrary units)
νμ-fluence
Beam optimizationIntensity as high as possibleNeutrino energy matched for νμ-ντappearance experiments
Product of1 Oscillation probability
νμndash ντ
2 Production cross-section ντ with matter
3 νμ ndashfluence(E)+ Detection efficiency in the experiment
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 5
νe νμπe
μντ
τ
pnπK
ντ
Look for the τ lepton extremely difficult τ travels only less than 1 mm before decaying
)
Approachvery good position resolution (see the decay lsquokinkrsquo) OPERA
(ICARUS see status report at the next SPSC 3 Oct 2006)
Detecting ντ at Gran Sasso
5 years CNGS operation 1800 tons target30000 neutrino interactions~150 ντ interactions~15 ντ identifiedlt 1 event of background
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 4
ντ minus Appearance Experiment
Poscστcc(arbitrary units)
νμ-fluence
Beam optimizationIntensity as high as possibleNeutrino energy matched for νμ-ντappearance experiments
Product of1 Oscillation probability
νμndash ντ
2 Production cross-section ντ with matter
3 νμ ndashfluence(E)+ Detection efficiency in the experiment
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 5
νe νμπe
μντ
τ
pnπK
ντ
Look for the τ lepton extremely difficult τ travels only less than 1 mm before decaying
)
Approachvery good position resolution (see the decay lsquokinkrsquo) OPERA
(ICARUS see status report at the next SPSC 3 Oct 2006)
Detecting ντ at Gran Sasso
5 years CNGS operation 1800 tons target30000 neutrino interactions~150 ντ interactions~15 ντ identifiedlt 1 event of background
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 5
νe νμπe
μντ
τ
pnπK
ντ
Look for the τ lepton extremely difficult τ travels only less than 1 mm before decaying
)
Approachvery good position resolution (see the decay lsquokinkrsquo) OPERA
(ICARUS see status report at the next SPSC 3 Oct 2006)
Detecting ντ at Gran Sasso
5 years CNGS operation 1800 tons target30000 neutrino interactions~150 ντ interactions~15 ντ identifiedlt 1 event of background
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 6
typical size of a detector at Gran Sasso
Radial Distribution of the νμ-Beam at GS
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 7
CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 8
CNGS Layout
p + C rarr (interactions) rarr π+ K+ rarr (decay in flight) rarr μ+ + νμ
vacuum
800m 100m 1000m 67m26m
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 9
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 11
Upgradephase35 1013 p
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beamNominal energy [GeV] 400Normalized emittance [μm] H=12 V=7Emittance [μm] H=0028 V= 0016Momentum spread Δpp 007 +- 20 extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 msBatch length [μs] 105 of bunches per pulse 2100Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24Bunch length [ns] (4σ) 2Bunch spacing [ns] 5Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 12
10 July 2006
Schedule
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 13
Proton Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 14
MBG (Dipoles)73 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 37mmNominal field 17 T 400 GeVMagnetic length 63m
QTG (Quadruples)20 magnets (3 spares)Magnetic aperture 45mmNominal gradient 40 Tm 22m long
MDG (Corrector Magnets)12 magnets (5 spares)Gap height 45mmBending angle 80mm 07m long
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 15Final focusing onto the target (recuperated magnets)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 16
Proton beam last beam position beam profile monitors upstream of the target station collimator and shielding
BN collimator d=14mm
Be window t=100μm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 17
Hardware commissioning Feb ndash April 2006Beam instrumentations Power suppliesMagnets (polarities)Vacuum system(April May Target Horn exchange excercises lsquorealrsquo)
lsquoDry runsrsquo from CCC April ndash May 2006TimingControls InterlocksBeam permitMagnets (currents amp polarities)
Commissioning with beam 2006 weeks 28 30 and 33
Commissioning Plan
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 18
week 28 week 30 week 33
1x1013
CNGS Commissioningtotal number of protons used 7x1015
(equivalent to 1 hour of CNGS running with nominal beam)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 19
1st shot down proton beam line beam is already well centered on screens
8 profile monitors (BTVG)Optical Transition Radiation screensbull 75 μm carbon bull 12 μm titanium screens
FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 20
18 Button Electrode BPMs in TT41 60mm Aperture
CNGS Beam Position Monitors
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 21
Average of two extractions 1E13 protons per batch
Trajectory along the Beam Line
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
5mm
5mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 22
energy difference of 610-5
Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
Beam position stability onto the target over the 3 first days ~50 μm rms
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
05mm
05mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 23
Stripline coupler pick-up operated in air
Horizontal plane
Vertical plane
CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
very reliable position reading
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 24
TT41 ALL screens OUT at the exception of the target one
Beam Losses along the Proton Line
CNGS BLMs with double extraction 11013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 25
Beta functions
s (m)
Dx (m
)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dx
Optics Check
good agreement with theory
s (m)
Dy (m
)
-05
0
05
1
15
0 200 400 600 800
Dispersion Dy
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 26
Secondary Beam Line Commissioning
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 27
CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID 2 Ionization Chambers Muon Detectors
TBID Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 28
10 cm long graphite rods Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
protonbeam
Note - target rods thin interspaced to ldquolet the pions outrdquo
- target shall be robust to resist the beam-induced stresses
- target is air-cooled (particle energy deposition)
CNGS Target Elements
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 29
Target Units
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built They are assembled in two magazines
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 30
indexing finger
Target Magazine
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 31Target magazine installation inside target station (25 Nov 2005)
Target
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 32
TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
TBID Monitor Secondary emission monitor 12 microm Ti foils diameter = 145mm better than 10-4 mbar vacuum
Check efficiency of particle production in the targetMultiplicity (Compare with BFCT upstream of the target) Misalignment of the Beam vs Target
TBID Monitor might not survive if high intensity beam misses the target
Ionization Chambers as back-up (SPS-type BLMs)
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 33
Target Region Layout
beam
target horncollimator
Ionization Chambers
TBID
BPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 34
0
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
1
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BPG2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
itHorizontal Beam Scan Target Out
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2
pcollimatorBPM2
BPM2 [mm]
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 35
0
02
04
06
08
1
12
14
16
18
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
BPM2 [mm]
arbi
trar
y un
it
Intensity on TBID vs BPM2 position
pTargetBPM2
Horizontal Beam Scan Target IN
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 36Installation of the horn in the target chamber
Horn
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 37
HornReflector Power System
Unit HORN System
REFLECTOR System
Load Peak current kA 150 180Pulse duration ms 65 98Transformer ratio 16 32Primary peak current A 9375 5646Charging voltage V 6300 5800Water flow for delta T=5C lmin 75 48Pressure bar 12 12
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 38
Decay Tube
steel pipe1mbar994m long245m diameter t=18mm surrounded by 50cm concrete entrance window 3mm Tiexit window 50mm carbon steel water cooled
April 2004 vacuum tests ok
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 39
graphite
cooling modules
Hadron Stopcompleted Sept 2003
bullCooling modules stainless steel tubes in Al blocksbull Several temperature sensors (both in target chamber and in hadron stop)
Hadron Stop
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 40
Muon Monitors
Monitoring ofmuon intensitymuon beam profile shapemuon beam profile centre
pit 1 pit 2
Muon energy filter due to 67m rock in between pit 1 and pit 2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 41
Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
Muon intensityUp to ~8x107 per cm2 and 105microsrarr Detector choice ionization chambers
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 42
Muon Monitor Layout
LHC type Beam Loss MonitorsParallel electrodes separated by 05 cmStainless steel cylinder Al electrodesN2 gas filling at 100 mbar over pressureDiameter=89cm active length=345cm 15 litre
CNGS installation2 x 37 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)2 x 1 movable chamber behind fixed monitors for relative calibrationMovement by stepping motors
60cm
Dynamic range 105
Specs accuracies 10 absolute 3 relative 1 cycle by cycle 5 per year
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 43
270cm
1125cm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 44
Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
horizontal muon detectors pit1 target out hornrefl off ~ 3E11 protons
0
0005
001
0015
002
0025
003
0035
004
0045
005
-158 -146 -135 -124 -113 -101 -90 -788 -675 -563 -45 -338 -225 -113 0 113 225 338 45 563 675 788 90 101 113 124 135 146 158
cm
char
ges
pot
0mrad02mrad-02mrad
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 45
Note SL-2001-016-EA
target vs horn misalignment 3 mm rarr 101 cm shift in Muon Pit16 mm rarr 191 cm9 mm rarr 243 cm
Target vs Horn Alignment
Pit 1 Pit 2
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 46
014
016
018
02
022
024
026
028
03
032
034
036
038
04
-1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125cm
char
ges
pot
target with beam zerotarget 2mm upwards
Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
Muon pit 1 more sensitive to target vs horn alignment
pTargetBPM2 Horn
pTarget HornBPM2
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 47
Note SL-2001-016-EA
beam vs target misalignment 05 mm rarr 73 cm shift in Muon Pit210 mm rarr 148 cm
Beam vs Target Alignment
simulations
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 48
Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
Muon pit 2 more sensitive to beam vs target alignment
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-158 -135 -113 -90 -68 -45 -23 0 225 45 675 90 113 135 158
cm
char
ges
pot
-15 mm1 mmnominal 0 mm
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 49
Final Alignment
HL
R
horn19 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mm
BPM2
VU
D
horn
14 mm
target
coll Φ =14 mmBPM2
2 mm
target ref system
beam ref system
target ref system
beam ref system
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 50
ldquoall muonsrdquo (except low E) only highest energy muons
Pit 1 Pit 2
On-line display
pit 1 horizontal pit 2 horizontal
pit 1 vertical pit 2 vertical
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 51
unit 1 polycrystalline graphite by Carbone-Lorraine 2020 PTdensity 176 gcm3
unit 3 carbon-carbon composite by Carbone-Lorraine A035density gt175 gcm3
Target Unit Tests
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 52
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
char
ges
pot
unit 1unit 3
comparison target unit 1 and unit 3 average of 2 extractions ~12E13 pot hp2
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
unit 1unit 3
Comparison Unit 1 and Unit 3
Muon pit 1
Muon pit 2
Average of 2 extraction ~12E13 protons
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 53
horizontal pit1
0002004006008
01012014016018
02022024026028
03032034036
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575cm
char
ges
pot
nominalhornrefl off
Check HornReflector OnOff
HornRefl ON
HornRefl OFF
Muon Signals in Pit 1
Δ ~ factor 10
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 54
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit1
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -1463 -135 -1238 -1125 -1013 -90 -7875 -675 -5625 -45 -3375 -225 -1125 0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 10125
1125 12375
135 14625
1575
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 1
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 55
comparison measurement-simulation horizontal pit2
0002
0003
0004
0005
0006
0007
0008
0009
001
0011
0012
-1688
-1575
-1463
-135 -1238
-1125
-1013
-90 -7875
-675 -5625
-45 -3375
-225 -1125
0 1125 225 3375 45 5625 675 7875 90 1013 1125 1238 135 1463 1575 1688
cm
char
ges
pot
meas nominalsim nominal
CNGS Quality Check (Preliminary)
Muon Monitors Horizontal Pit 2
Measurement Simulation
Fluka simulation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 56
CNGS Operation
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 57
CNGS operation protons on target18 - 30 August 63x1017 pot
techn stop MD MD
1x1013
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 58
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 59
Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1pr
oton
inte
nsity
ext
ract
ion
char
ges
pot
+-1
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 60
Water conductivity
H water Temp-in
H water Temp-out10 C
470 C
30 C
Horn water Temp ldquoinoutrdquo
24h
trend during 8 days
Horn Cooling
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 61
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 62
Radiation Detectors in ECA4
The monitors show maximum radiation values of 1 μSvh in accessible regionsBased on beam loss studies and simulations this corresponds to a beam loss of 005
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 63
First OPERA Events
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 64
31 target planes supermodule (in total 206336 bricks 1766 tons)
υ
Targets Magnetic SpectrometersProposal July 2000 installation at LNGS started in May 2003First observation of CNGS beam neutrinos August 18th 2006
SM1 SM2
Structure of the OPERA ExperimentBasic unit brick 56 Pb sheets + 56 emulsion sheets
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 65
Scintillator planes 5900 m2
8064 7m long drift tubes
Second Super-module
OPERA in Pictures
3050 m2 Resistive Plate Counters2000 tons of iron for the two magnets
Details of the first spectrometer
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 66
Δt first extraction (ns)
50 ms
Ext1 Ext2
Cosmic rays background events
Zoom on the spill peaks
Δt closest extraction (ns)
10 μs
Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 67
Beam Events
Muon from CC interaction in the material in front of the detector (BOREXINO rocks)
CC event in the first magnet
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 68
Summary
CNGS construction started 2000Installation finished beginning 2006 Detailed hardware commissioninglsquoDry runsrsquo
Allowed early debugging of all systemsCNGS has been successfully commissioned
rarr CNGS is operational
The most difficult part (high intensity operation) starts nowVery high radiation levelsFatigue from beam impact (shocks) on equipmentFatigue from pulsinghellip
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-
AB Seminar 21 Sept 2006 E Gschwendtner CERN 69
MANY THANKSto all involved in the projectrsquos success
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso (CNGS) Commissioning and First Operation
- CNGS Project
- nt - Appearance Experiment
- Detecting nt at Gran Sasso
- Radial Distribution of the nm-Beam at GS
- CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso
- CNGS Layout
- CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
- Schedule
- Commissioning Plan
- FIRST SHOT 11 July 2006
- CNGS Beam Position Monitors
- Trajectory along the Beam Line
- Trajectory Difference btw 2 Extractions
- CNGS Target Beam Position Monitor
- Beam Losses along the Proton Line
- Optics Check
- CNGS Secondary Beam Layout
- CNGS Target Elements
- Target Units
- Target Magazine
- TBID (Target Beam Instrumentation Downstream)
- Target Region Layout
- HornReflector Power System
- Decay Tube
- Muon Monitors
- Expected Muon Signals (FLUKA)
- Muon Monitor Layout
- Horizontal Angular Scan Target Out
- Vertical Target vs Horn Alignment
- Vertical Beam vs Target Alignment
- Final Alignment
- Check HornReflector OnOff
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 2
- Muon Monitor Stability Pit 1
- Horn Cooling
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Radiation Detectors in ECA4
- Structure of the OPERA Experiment
- OPERA in Pictures
- Event Selection by Using GPS Timing Info
- Beam Events
- Summary
-