CERES Country Profile - Turkmenistan
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Transcript of CERES Country Profile - Turkmenistan
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Country in a Box:
TurkmenistanTrkmenistan
A Teachers Guide
Compiled by the Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies
Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown Universityhttp://ceres.georgetown.edu
Ertugrul Gazi Mosque in Ashgabat
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Turkmenistan in a Box: Table of Contents
Facts at a Glance 3-6
History of Turkmenistan 7-9
Timeline of Major Events in Turkmen History 10-11
Turkmen Culture 12-15
Folklore: The Koroglu Epic 16-17
Additional Resources 18-19
Tolkuchka Bazaar in Ashgabat
Martijnmunn
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The flag of Turkmenistans green
color and crescent moon represent
Islam; the five stars symbolize the
regions or welayats of Turkmenistan;
and it contains five tribal guls
(designs used in producing carpets)
stacked above two crossed olive
branches. The guls reflect thenational identity of Turkmenistan
where carpet-making has long been a
part of traditional nomadic life.
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The Manat was introduced on November 1,1993, replacing the Russian ruble. On January
1, 2009 the new Manat was introduced, which
removed deceased President Nyazov from all
but the 500 denominated bill.
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The Beginning: Sedentary
Oghuz tribes from Mongolia movedinto present-day Central Asia
around the eighth century. Within
a few centuries, some of these
tribes had become the ethnic basis
of the Turkmen population. The
origins of the Turkmen may be
traced back to the Oghuz
confederation of nomadic pastoral
tribes of the early Middle Ages,
which lived in present-day
Mongolia and around Lake Baikal
in present-day southern Siberia.
Known as the Nine Oghuz, thisconfederation was composed of
Turkic-speaking peoples who
formed the basis of powerful steppe
empires in Inner Asia. A clan
leader named Seljuk founded a
dynasty and the empire that bore
his name on the basis of those
Oghuz elements that had migrated
southward into present-day
Turkmenistan and Iran. The Seljuk
Empire was centered in Persia,
from which Oghuz groups spread
into Azerbaijan and Anatolia.During this time, Turkmen also
began to settle the area of present-
day Turkmenistan. (Photo:http://www.ruhnama.info/ruhnama-
en/htm/harby-sungat.htm)
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Chorek baked in a Tamdyr (clay oven)
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Turkmen Pilaf
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Bakhshi playing a Dutar
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Magtymguly Pyragy: Turkmen
literature assumed its full
identity after the emergence of
Makhtumkuli in the 18thcentury. The simple yet profound
quality of his poems has, over
two centuries, dominated the
minds of not only the Turkmens,
but all Turkic peoples living in
the vast region from the Oxus to
the Transcaucasus.
Makhtumkuli attached great
importance to the Truth and the
concept of a perfect man, as a
Sufi would do. However, the
human suffering and social
injustice which he witnessedaround himself made him pay
attention to worldly matters too.
He became more interested in
the concept of the happiness of
his people. The first poet to
introduce political themes, social
criticism and even new forms
into Turkmen literature,
Makhtumkuli wrote on an
enormous variety of subjects
which appeal to various strata of
Turkmen and other Turkicpeoples. For this reason some see
Makhtumkuli as a spiritual
leader and a teacher, others as a
patriot and a guide leading his
people to happiness. (Text from:http://www.gunesh.org/english/azemoun_
makhtumkuli.htm)
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Koroglu
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