Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha.

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA)

Objective 2

J.K. Ladha

Process

ResearchDevelopment and

Evaluation of OptionsDelivery

Ecological Intensification

Hubs + Platform

Inputs

Hubs + Platform

InputsICRM (CA)ICRM (CA)

PoliciesPolicies

Farmer

Training/CCATraining/CCA

Customized System

Solutions

Customized System

Solutions

System Varieties R,

W, M

System Varieties R,

W, M

Public – Private PartnershipPublic – Private Partnership

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia

MarketMarket

CSISA-Objective 2

1. Background – Thinking

2. Activities

Outline

3. Site of Action, CS Targets

4. Experimental Platform – Design

5. Performance Target Indicators

CSISA-Objective 2

• Conservation Agriculture/RCT

Crop and Resource Management Practices for Sustainable Future Cereal

Based System

• Ecological Intensification

• CA promotes minimum disturbance of soil by zero or reduced tillage, balanced and crop need based application of chemical inputs, and skilful management of crop residues and wastes.

Conservation Agriculture (CA)

• Evidence-based process of identifying best management practices for innovative crop production systems through high-quality scientific research and participatory evaluation.

Ecological Intensification (EI)

• Measurable indicators and corresponding reference values for productivity; profitability, resource efficiency, sustainability, ecological resilience and environmental performance.

• Conservation tillage with other best practices can help meet the food demand, protect the environment and provide income to the farmer.

Underlined Assumption

Integrated Crop and Resource Management“Ecological Intensification”

Integrated Crop and Resource Management“Ecological Intensification”

Crop Management

NRM

Productivity with optimal external inputs

Variety

Fertilizer

Pesticides

Labor

Energy

Land • Leveling

• Tillage / CE

Residue

Water

Climate

Conservation and efficient use of natural resources

Conservation Agriculture

CSISA: Target Crop Rotations

(8.05 Mha)

Objective 2: Activities

2.2 Analyze and design principal choices for cereal systems and their management and breeding targets

2.3 Process research to design next generation of cereal system and long-term analysis – Experimental Plaform

2.4 Long-term performance analysis2.5 Assessment of opportunities for

livestock integration

2.1 Participatory adaptation and improvement of new technologies (those not yet ready for large scale dissemination).

System Tailored Genotypes

System Tailored Genotypes

Pest Managemen

t

Pest Managemen

t

Water Management

Water Management

Residue Management

Residue Management

Nutrient Management

(SSNM)

Nutrient Management

(SSNM)

CSISA Objective 2.1 & 2.2

Minimally-tilled Dry Drill-Seeded Residue-Mulched Cereal Production System that are Efficient in

Labor, Water, Energy, and N Fertilizer use

Land Preparation / Crop Establishment

Adaptation &

improvement of ICRM/CA

System

CSISA- Experimental Platforms

• Timeframe: 10 years, with short- and medium-term objectives

• Few but innovative, forward-looking food or food & energy production systems

• High cropping intensity: 2 or more crops/year

• Production scale technologies: large plots• Follow conservation agriculture principles

and develop new ones• Full integration of elite germplasm• Dynamic best management practices• High-quality measurements• Multi-disciplinary teams• Capacity building

India

Pakistan Nepal

Bangladesh

Lahore, Pakistan

CSISA – Delivery Hubs & Research Platforms

Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai

Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal

Research PlatformBARI/BRRI

ICAR Complex for Eastern Region, Patna

Experimental Platform- Concept and Design

Essential Essential Desirable Essential Essential Essential

Crop rotation

Most popular

Most popular

Most popular

Most popular Emerging Up-and-coming

External input use (CM)

Natural input use and conservation (NRM or RCTs)

Farmers practice

Best available practice

Farmer practice



Up-and-coming

Farmer practice

Farmer practice




Up-and-coming

Current - 1 Current - 2

Current - 3 Futuristic – 1

Futuristic - 2 Futuristic - 3

Up-and-coming

Diversification /nutrition

Increasing food demand and degrading soil, water and labor resources

Degrading soil, water and labor resources

Increasing food demand

Business as usual

Drivers of change

Dummy Scenario 5Scenario 4Scenario 3Scenario 2Scenario 1Scenarios

Performance Indicators and Targets

S. No Indicator

1 Cropping intensity (%)

2 Tillage

3 Planting (Labor use efficiency)

4 Grain yield (% of climatic potential)

5 WUE (kg grain m3 water)

6 Irrigation water use (l/kg grain)

7 NUE AEN

REN

8 Biocide residue index

9 Specific energy (Mj/kg)

10 Crop health index

11 Soil health quality score

12 GWP (Kg CO2 equi/ha)

13 Net income (US $/ha)

14 By product (straw) use livestock Energy

YesYes

YesNo

300-350200-250

2500-35003500-4000

M-HL-M

2.02.52

70-8070-80

>25>50

18-2430-40

2000-30003000-4000

0.32-0.350.25-0.3

70-8040-60

Drill-seedingTransplanting

Minimal (reduced or no tillage)

Intensive (dry and wet tillage / puddling)

Aerobic Rice System (Target)

Conventional Rice System (Reference)

>200200

L-M M-H

Mode Depth of recording

(m)

EM 31 Vertical 6.0

Horizontal 3.0

EM 38 Vertical 1.5

Horizontal 0.75

EM SurveyEM SurveyEM SurveyEM Survey

EM 31

EM 38

Under normal condition

• Highest conductivity readings represent high clay content and low drainage

• Elevated reading indicate potential saline condition

• Low conductivity readings indicate relatively coarse textured soils and

good drainage

Karnal Research Platform• Total survey area: 3.6 ha• Three management zones

• EM38- horizontal and vertical; and EM 31-horizontal conducted• Conductivity range: 12 mS/m

to 123 mS/m • Good correlation between EM

38 and EM 31• North-western part has not been reclaimed and had high EM values• Total area was divided in 4 EM zones• Soil Samples upto 2 m depth collected from all zones• Analysis will be conducted at

IRRI India central laboratory in Modipuram

EM Survey: Karnal

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia Objective 2

• Developing crop and resource management practices for sustainable future cereal based systems

• Evaluating Weed Management Solutions For Zero Till Direct Seeded Rice

• Systems and Nitrogen Use Efficient Crops to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in South Asia

• Evaluation of rice varieties/hybrids under zero till and mechanized direct seeded condition

Major Activities:

Experimental Platform

Cropping System- KarnalCropping System- Karnal

Nov Dec Jan Feb Marc April May June July Aug Sept Oct

CT-TPR

CT-TPR-ICRM (Mungbean straw

incorporated)

CT-BCW

ZT-DSW (anchored stubbles ~15 cm rice)

ZT-DSW (Full residue rice)

ZT-DSMu (anchored

stubbles ~10 cm wheat)

ZT-DSMu (anchored


ZT-DSR (Mungbean straw

retention)

ZT-DSM (Mungbean straw

retention)

ZT-DSW (50% stubbles of maize)

ZT-DSMu (anchored


ZT-DSMu (anchored


Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Layout of Research Platform

Farm Building

50m

Tube well

Re

p

1

Re

p 2

Re

p 3

50m

Re

p

1

50m

Tube well

Re

p

1

Scenario 4

Scenario 3Scenario 2





Scenario 1

Weedy plot

100 m

N0

P0

K0

NPK

100 m

Crop Biomass

Crop Health

5 x 3m5 x 5m

Crop biomass

Crop health

Weedy

Actual

Weed free

Weed plots

Details of Different Scenarios

Scenarios Drivers of change Crop rotations

Tillage Crop establishment

Scenario 1

Business as usual Rice-wheat (current)

CT-CT Transplanted-broadcast

Scenario 2

Increasing food demand Rice-wheat -mungbean

CT-ZT-ZT

Transplanted-drill-seeding

Scenario 3

Increasing food demand, Degrading natural resources, energy and labor crises

Rice-wheat-Mungbean

ZT-ZT-ZT

Drill-seeding

Scenario 4

Food and nutritional security, farm profitability and improved quality of natural resources, higher input use efficiency

Maize-wheat-Mungbean (futuristic)

ZT-ZT-ZT

Drill-seeding

Data Recording Crop health Soil health Environmental health (Green house gas

studies) Agronomic/Yield paraments Input Efficiency Water balance Bench mark surveys Weed dynamics and management Economics Crop, soil, water modelling PhD student at each site

ScenariosTractor run

(hr/ha)

Fuel consumption

(l/ha)Energy requirement

(MJ/ha)

1 4.67 41.30 3056

2 2.08 6.00 343

3 3.40 12.75 726

4 3.75 12.75 726

Time and energy requirement under different scenarios for wheat sowing

Weed Management in DSR: Karnal

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T10 T11 T12

Yie

ld (

T/h

a)

Only chem ical

Chem ical + 1 HW

18 32 43 39 31 21 28 19 16(94) 67 man-days

a

bcde

efcde

def ef

abcabcd

a

f

T1= Pendi (Pre) fb azim (post)

T2= Pyrozosulfuron (pre) fb bispy (post)

T3= Penoxsulam (post)

T4= Bispyribac (post)

T5= Fenoxaprop+azim (post)

T6= Propanil + triclopyr (post)

T7= Pendi (pre)+ sesbania co-culture

T10= Bispy+azim (post)

T11= weed free

T12= Weedy

Karnal 2009

Cultivar: CSR-36 (135-140 days)

Date of sowing: 19 June, 2009

Hand weeding: 35 DAS

DSR Varietal/ lines Screening (Obj. 3)- 2009

Early Variety (110-125) Mid Early Variety (125-145)

Name of Variety Source Yield t/ha

Name of Variety

Source Yield t/ha

Arize-6129 Bayer 7.81 NK6320 Syngenta India, Ltd

7.29

P09-023 MAHYCO 6.99 NK6410 Syngenta India, Ltd

6.77

Pant Dhan-16 Pantnagar

6.85 Pant Dhan-11

GBPUAT, Pantnagar

6.62

IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-5-1-1

IRRI 6.62 PHB71 POC,Ltd ,Hyderabad

6.62

CR 2706-171-14-1-4-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6303 Syngenta India, Ltd

6.47

CR 2701-118-40A-1-3-1 CRRI-IRRI 6.25 NK6754 Syngenta India, Ltd

6.40

Pusa RH-10 IARI 6.10 Arize 97158

Syngenta India, Ltd

6.25

IR 83927-B-B-278-CRA-1-1-1

IRRI 6.10 RH-664 Devgen seeds Pvt. Ltd

6.18

IR 84896-159-CRA-25-1-1-1

IRRI 6.10 27P31 POC,Ltd, Hyderabad

6.10

26P26 POC ltd 5.95 P09-024 MAHYCO , Hyderabad

5.95

Crop Establishment in different scenarios

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010

Current Crop Rotation, Kharif 2010

Scenario

Variety Date of Nursery

Date of Transpal

nting/ Sowing

Seedling age

No. of irrigatio

n till date

Total irrigatio

n hrs

Rice

1. Pusa 44 May 30 July 4 35 27 48

2. Arize 6444

May 30 June 25 26 24 44

3. Arize 6129

DSR June 18 14 26

Maize

4. NK 6240

DSM July 6 2 3

Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha.

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Transcript of Cereal Systems Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) Objective 2 J.K. Ladha.