Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium onCeramics in Medicine

BioceramicsVolume 11

New York City, New York, USA

5-8 November 1998

edited by

RZ LeGerosJP LeGeros

New York University College of Dentistry

UNIVERSITATSBIBLIOTHEKHANNOVER

TECHNISCHEINFORMATIONSBIBLIOTHEK

World ScientificSingapore • New Jersey • London • Hong Kong

CONTENTS

I. BONE BIOLOGY: GENERAL 1Cellular and Molecular Events in Bone Repair 3

J.M. Schmitt, S.R. Winn, J.O. Hollinger

Bioceramics, Cells and Signals in Tissue Engineering 9A.H. Reddi

Monocytes, Macrophages and Foreign Body Giant Cells on BiomaterialSurfaces: The Foreign Body Reaction 13

J.M. Anderson

Cells and Materials Interactions 17U. Gross, C. Muller-Mai, C. Voight

Bone/Bioceramic Interface 23H. Oonishi, T. Sugihara, E. Tsuji, L. L. Hench, J. Wilson

II. BIOCERAMICS: PRESENT AND FUTURE 29Bioactive Glasses 31

L.L. Hench, J. Wilson

Composite Biomaterials: Present and Future 37W. Bonfield

Calcium Phosphate Coating: Alternatives to Plasma Spray 41K. de Groot

Calcium Phosphate Cements: Chemistry and Applications 45L.-C. Chow

Biomimetics Applied to Bioceramics 51T. Kokubo

Principles of Tissue Engineering Governing Osteogenic Devices 57J.H. Brekke, J.M. Toth, E. Vogelin, N.F. Jones

III. BIOCERAMICS: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES 63

A. Alumina, ZirconiaSintered Bioactive Coating of Dense Alumina 65

J. Cavalheiro, M. Bras

Ceramic Femoral Component of Knee Prosthesis 69J. Cihldr, M. Trunec, V. Sida

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Ceramic-Ceramic Bearing Systems for THP with Zirconia HeadsF. Villermaux, L. Blaise, J.M. Drouin, B. Cales

Apatite-Forming Ability of Zirconia Gel in Modified SBF SolutionsM. Uchida, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura

B. Calcium PhosphatesStability of Hydroxyapatite at Physiologic Temperature

P.W. Brown

CO3-Apatite Preparations with Solubility Gradient: PotentialDegradable Biomaterials

M. Okazaki, T. Matsumoto, M. Taira, J. Takahashi,R.Z. LeGeros

Processing of Porous Hydroxyapatite by Starch ConsolidationL.M. Rodriguez-Loreno, J.M.F. Ferreira, M. Vallet-Regi

Crystal Growth and Structure Analyses of Carbonate HydroxyapatiteY. Suetsugu, M. Kikuchi, K. Sato, J. Tanaka

Effects of Carbonate Substitution on the Strength of SingleCrystal Hydroxyapatite

A. Ito, K. Teraoka, K. Maekawa, K. Onuma, T. Tateishi

Chemistry and Critical Ageing of Hydroxyapatite Sol-Gel SolutionsC.-S. Chai, K.A. Gross, K. Kannagara, B. Ben-Nissan,L. Hanley, P. Layrolle

Effect of Silicon Content on the Chemical and Phase Composition ofNovel Silicon-Substituted Hydroxyapatites

I.R. Gibson, L.J. Jha, J.D. Santos, S.M. Best, W. Bonfield

Synthesis, Sintering and Mechanical Characteristics of Non-StoichiometricApatite Ceramics

S. Raynaud, E. Champion, D. Bernache-Assollant

Formation of Fluoridated Hydroxyapatite from TricalciumPhosphate (TCP) in Organic Media

K. Sakamoto, Y. Tsunawaki, S. Yamaguchi, J. Ichihara,A. Nakahira, M. Okazaki

Chemical Transformations of Biologically Relevant Calcium Phosphates inAqueous Media During a Steam Sterilization

S.V. Dorozhkin, M. Schmitt, J.M. Bouler, G. Daculsi

Solubility Tests of Commercial Apatite ProductsG. Berger, R. Gildenhaar, U. Ploska

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C. BioglassRelationship Between Bioactivity and Textural Parameters in Glasses 125

F. Balas, J. Perez-Pariente, M. Vallet-Regi

Long-Term Reactions In Vitro with Bioactive Glass S53P4 129M. Peltola, J. Suonpdd, K. Aitasalo, 6. Andersson,H.A. Mddttdnen, A. Yli-Urpo

Chemical Reactivity of Experimental Bioactive Glasses 133A.S. Rizkalla, D.W. Jones, T. Routledge, G.C. Hall, M. hangman

Study of the Sol-Gel Processing of Glass-Ceramic Powders in theSiO2-Al2O3-CaO-CaF2 System. Part 2: Microstructure Evaluation 137

M.S. Zolotar, C.A.C. Zavaglia, L.P. Cardoso, J.A. Fraymann

Influence of the Chemical Composition on the Mechanical Properties andIn Vitro Solubility of Phosphate Glasses in the System P2O5-CaO-Na2O 141

J. Clement, L. Ekeberg, S. Martinez, M.P. Ginebra,F.J. Gil, J.A. Planell

D. Composites

Novel Poly Lactic Acid Composites Containing /3-Ca(PO3)2 Fibers 145T. Kasuga, H. Fujikawa, Y. Ota, M. Nogami, Y. Abe

Elastic Properties of Experimental Bioactive Glass Composites 149D.W. Jones, A.S. Rizkalla, T. Routledge, G.C. Hall

Changes in Mechanical Properties and GBR Application ofTCP/CPLA Composite 153

M. Kikuchi, K. Sato, Y. Suetsugu, J. Tanaka, Y. Koyama,K. Takakuda

Mechanical Strength and Dynamic Young's Modulus of Glass ReinforcedHydroxyapatite Biocomposites 157

M.A. Lopez, F.J. Monteiro, R.F. Silva, J.D. Santos

The Formation of Hydroxyapatite and Hydroxyapatite-Based Composites 161P. W. Brown, C. Durucan, Y. Greish

Evaluation of BioglassR and Hydroxyapatite-ReinforcedPolyethylene Composites After Ageing in Simulated Body Fluid 165

J. Huang, M. Wang, S. Best, K.E. Tanner, W. Bonfield

Stiff and Bioactive Composites Based on Starch, Polyethylene andSiO2-CaOP2O5-MgO Glasses and Glass Ceramics 169

R.L. Reis, IB. Leonor, M.T. Rego, A.M. Cunha,M.H. Fernandes, R.N. Correia

xvi Bioceramics Volume 11

Physico-Chemical and Histological Behaviors of HomologousHydroxyapatite/Polymer Composite Membranes 173

R. Martinetti, N. Zaghini, L. Dolcini, A. Krajewski, A. Ravaglioli,P. Cerrai, G.D. Guerra, M. Tricoli, A. Piattelli, A. Scarano

E. CoatingsIdentification of the Amorphous Phase in Plasma SprayedApatite Coatings 177

K.A. Gross, M. Phillips, B. Ben-Nissan, C.C. Berndt

HA/ACP Ratios in Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Dental andOrthopedic Implants: Effects on Properties 181

R.Z. LeGeros, Y.-E. Kim, R. Kijkowska, V. Zurita, C. Bleiwas,B. Edwards, P.-Y. Huang, F. Dimaano, J.P. LeGeros

The Generation of a Dense (Mg2+, CO3~)-Containing Apatite FilmChemically Bonded to Titanium Directly from Aqueous Solutions 185

P. Li, F. Matthews

Superplastic Ti-Alloy Toughened Hydroxyapatite 189T. Nonami, H. Taoda, A. Kamiya, K. Naganuma, T. Sonoda,T. Kameyama

In Vitro Performance of Vacuum Plasma Sprayed Coatings onCarbon Fiber Reinforced Poly (Etheretherketone) 193

S.-W. Ha, K.L. Eckert, F. Birchler, A. Gisep,H. Gruner, E. Wintermantel

Hydroxyapatite-Zirconia Composite Coatings via Plasma Spraying Process 197V.J.P. Lim, K.A. Khor, L. Fu, P. Cheang

Synthesis of Tri-Calcium Phosphate Coatings Using Plasma-EnhancedMetalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition 201

Y. Gao, A.A. Campbell

Hydroxyapatite Coating by a Sol-Gel Process Containing anIntermediate Glass Layer 205

C.-K. You, S.-Y. Kim

Hydroxyl Incorporation in Apatite Coatings Produced byPulsed Laser Deposition 209

M.B. Mayor, J.L. Arias. F.J. Garda-Sanz, S. Chiussi,J. Pou, B. Leon, M. Perez-Amor

Crystallinity, Roughness and Porosity Analysis of HydroxyapatiteCoatings Obtained by Plasma Spray Processing 215

S.N. Silva, J.R.T. Branco, M.M. Pereira

Contents xvii

Influence of Crystal Growth on Sputtered Films of Hydroxyapatiteonto Titanium 219

J. Hamagami, D. Kokubu, T. Umegaki, K. Yamashita

Conversion of Electrolytically Deposited Monetite to Hydroxyapatite 223M.H. Prado da Silva, G.D.A. Soares, C.N. Elias, I.R. Gibson,S.M. Best, W. Bonfield

Mechanical and Structural Characterisation of Bioactive Coating 227X.-Y. Yang, M. Wang, K.-A. Khor, Y. Wang

F. Cements

Comparative Study of Some Experimental or Commercial CalciumPhosphate Bone Cements 231

F.C.M. Driessens, M.G. Boltong, E.A.P. DeMaeyer,C.W.J. Vercruysse, R. Wenz, R.M.H. Verbeeck

Setting Contraction of VLC Composite Resins and Glass-Ionomer Cements 235V. Fano, W.-Y. Ma, I. Ortalli, I.K. Pozela

Influence of Reaction Kinetics on the Setting and HardeningProperties of DCP-a-TCP Bone Cements 239

E. Fernandez, S.M. Best, F.J. Gil, M.P. Ginebra, F.C.M. Driessens,J.A. Planell, W. Bonfield

The Effect of Na2HPO4 Addition on the Setting Reaction Kinetics of ana-TCP Cement 243

M.P. Ginebra, E. Fernandez, F.C.M. Driessens, J.A. Planell

Incorporation of a Controlled-Release Glass into a CalciumPhosphate Cement 247

/. Khairoun, M.P. Ginebra, M.G. Boltong, S. Martinez,J.A. Planell, F.C.M. Driessens

New Hydroxyapatite Composite Resin as a Bioactive Bone Cement:Improvement of Handling and Mechanical Properties 251

T. Shibuya, M. Saito, K. Kawagoe, K. Hino, T. Nakashima,A. Murakami, T. Ochi

Influence of Polysaccharides on Brushite Cement Properties 255P. van Landuyt, G. Pouchkine, J. Lemaitre

IV. CELLS AND BIOCERAMICS INTERACTIONS IN VITRO 259

AI2O3 Containing AW Glass Ceramic Stimulates In Vitro Bone Formation 261H. Ohgushi, T. Yoshikawa, H. Nakajima, S. Tamai, S. Tabata,Y. Dohi, K. Okunaga

xviii Bioceramics Volume 11

Atomic and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Osteogenic Effects ofBioglassR Materials 265

L. Chou, S. Al-Bazie, D. Cottrell, R. Giodano, D. Nathason

The Response of Human Osteoblast Cell Lines to Phosphate-BasedSoluble Glasses 269

V. Salih, I.J. Jalisi, D. Lee, K. Franks, G.W. Hastings,J.C. Knowles, I. Olsen

An In Vitro Evaluation of Nanophase Alumina forOrthopaedic/Dental Applications 273

T.J. Webster, R.W. Siegel, R. Bizios

Cell Proliferation and Antigen Expression on Hydroxyapatite/CaO-P205Multi-Layered Coatings 277

M.P. Ferraz, J.C. Knowles, I. Olsen, F.J. Monteiro, J.D. Santos

Study of Osteopontin Involvement in Osteoblast Differentiation forAllogenic Transplanation of In Vitro Cultured Bone 281

A. Nemoto, T. Uemura, Y.-K. Liu, T. Yoshikawa, T. Ushida, T. Tateishi

Activity of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells on BioglassR, Hydroxyapatite andFluoride-Substituted Hydroxyapatite 285

A.J.S. Peaker, K.-A. Hing, I.R. Gibson, L. Di-Silvio, S.M. Best,L.L. Hench, W. Bonfield

Effect of Bovine Bone-Derived Materials on Human Osteoclast-LikeCell In Vitro 289

C. Frondoza, R.Z. LeGeros, D.S. Hungerford

Effect of Variation in Ca:P Ratio on Cellular Response of Primary HumanOsteoblast-Like Cells to Hydroxyapatite-Based Ceramics 293

K.-A. Hing, I.R. Gibson, L. Di-Silvio, S.M. Best, W. Bonfield

Effects of Biomaterials on Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Synovial Cells:Modulation of Eicosanoid and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production 297

B. Liagre, J.L. Charissoux, P. Vergne, D. Bernache-Assollant,J.L. Beneytout

The Gene Expression of MT1-MMP, Cathepsin K, MMP-9 and TRAP inHighly Enriched Rabbit Osteoclasts Induced by Different Bone MatrixProteins and Ivory at the Transcription Level 301

H.-Y. Deng, T. Uemura, A. Nemoto, Y.-K. Liu

Sol-Gel Derived Titania Coatings for Cell-Culture Substrates 305J. Elbel, L. Polonchuk K.L. Eckert, H. Eppenberger, E. Wintermantel

Effect of Silicon Nitride Ceramic on Human Osteoblast-Like Cells 309A. Sohrabi, R.C. Kue, J. Lin, D.C. Nagle, C.G. Frondoza, D.S. Hungerford

Contents xix

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Glass-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite-InducedChanges in Cell Proliferation and Function 313

/. Olsen, M.A. Lopez, J.D. Santos, F.J. Monteiro, J.C. Knowles

Effects of a Bioactive Glass on Macrophages Activation 319M. Bosetti, L.L. Hench, J. Wilson, M. Cannas

Bioresorbable Bone Substitute Materials Made of SinteredCarbonate Apatites 323

Y. Doi, S. Saku, K. Iwanaga, T. Kajimoto, Y. Moriwaki,K. Yamamoto, T. Shibutani, Y. Iwayama, Y. Mizuta, Y. Ikeda

55S Bioglass Promoted Differentiation of Cultured Rat Osteoblasts andCreated a Template for Bone Formation 327

C. Loty, J.M. Sautier, S. Loty, E. J allot, N. Forest

Immunosuppressant FK506 Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation ofMarrow Stromal Cells 331

H. Nakajima, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, S. Tamai, Y. Dohi,K. Ichijima

In Vitro Interactions of Osteoclast-Like Cells and Hydroxyapatite Ceramics 335Y. Fujimori, H. Mishima, K. Sugaya, T. Sakae, R.Z. LeGeros,Y. Kozawa, H. Nagura

V. TISSUE RESPONSE TO BIOCERAMICS 339

Condensed Calcium Phosphates for Soft Tissue and BoneRepair/Regeneration 341

M.J. Filiaggi, J.D. Wells, S.A.F. Peel, R.M. Pilliar,M.D. Grynpas, R.A. Kandel

Bioactivity and Biodegradability: Melt vs. Sol-Gel Derived BioglassR

In Vitro and In Vivo 345D.C. Greenspan, J.-P. Zhong, D.L. Wheeler

New Putty Composite Materials for Bone Defects in Dentistry 349A.M. Gatti, L.L. Hench, E. Monari, J. Thompson, D. Tanza

Degradation of Hydroxyapatite, Fluorapatite and Fluorhydroxyapatite-Coatingof Dental Implants in Dogs 353

P. Frayssinet, L. Gineste, M. Gineste, A. Ellefterion,A. Guilhem, N. Rouquet

a-BSM™: A Resorbable Apatitic Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitute 357D. Knaack, M. Aiolova, A. Tofighi, A. Catalano, C. Rey,N. Nies, D.D. Lee

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In Vivo Evaluation of Resorption, Bone Matrix Osteoclastic andDeposition and Estimation of Osteoblastic Activity of Biocement D in aCancellous Bone Defect 363

R. Wenz, F.C.M. Driessens, M.G. Boltong, M. Dard, B. Nies

In Vivo Reactions of /3-Tricalcium Phosphate and Hydroxyapatite SingleCrystals with Bone Marrow of Rats: I. Reactions of HydroxyapatiteSingle Crystals 367

T. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, M. Ohgaki, K. Yamashita

Bioactive Composite: Comparison of Ceramic Fillers onOsteoconductivity and Bone-Bonding Strength 371

M. Kobayashi, T. Nakamura, Y. Okada, S. Shinzato,T. Kokubo, T. Kikutani

In Vivo Histological Evaluation of HA/N-Carboxymethylchitosan Fillers 375C. Mangano, A. Scarano, M. Piattelli, A. Piattelli, R. Martinetti

Bioglassr-Dextran Composite Tested in the Rabbit Femur 3797. Thompson, C. Chan, P. Robinson, P. Revell, J. Wilson, L.L. Hench

Removal Pathway of Silicon Released from Bioactive Glass Granules In Vivo 383W. Lai, P. Ducheyne, J. Garino

Inflammatory Potential of In Vivo Aged Basic CalciumPhosphate (BCP) Crystals 387

F. Prudhommeaux, C. Rey, A. Meunier, T. Bardin

Bone-Bonding Strength of Alumina Bead Composite 391S. Shinzato, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita, K. Choju, T. Kokubo,T. Nakamura

Resorption of Collagen-Carbonate Apatite Complex in Skull Defects 395T. Kajimoto, T. Tanabe, K. Kondou, S. Saku, K. Yamamoto, Y. Doi

Preliminary In Vivo Evaluation of Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Materials 399A.M. Gatti, R.Z. LeGeros, E. Monari, D. Tanza

Bone Formation with Apatite-Collagen 403I. Toda, N. Kitayama, H. Oonishi, M. Muraoka, F. Sugihara,Y. Gonda, F. Suwa

Histological Study of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics Implanted inHuman Long Bones 407

P. Frayssinet, C. Schwartz, B. Beya

Comparison of Bone Growth Behaviour into Spaces of Hydroxyapatite andAW Glass Ceramic Particles 411

H. Oonishi, N. Murata, M. Saito, S. Wakitani, K. Imoto,N. Kim, M. Matsuura

Contents xxi

Bioglassr Surface Reactivity: From In Vitro to In Vivo 415J. -P. Zhong, D.C. Greenspan

Ultra-High-Strength Hydroxyapatite/Poly(L-Lactide) Composite Rods forInternal Fixation of Bone Fractures: In Vivo Study 419

T. Furukawa, Y. Matsusue, T. Yasunaga, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita,Y. Shikinami, M. Okuno, T. Nakamura

Bioactivity of Organically Modified Ceramics Film Coated onPolymer Substrate 423

K. Tsuru, S. Hayakawa, C. Ohtsuki, A. Osaka

Osteoconductive Properties of Bioactive Glasses in a Bulk Form andas a Coating on Alumina 427

M. Hamadouche, R.S. Nizard, A. Meunier, C. Blanchat,P. Masquelier, L. Sedel

Blast Coating Method-Tissue Response to Titanium Implant Coated withHydroxyapatite at Room Temperature 431

T. Mano, Y. Ueyama, K. Ishikawa, T. Koyama, T. Matsumura,K. Suzuki

In Vivo Evaluation of a Novel Calcium Phosphate Cement for Use inRepair and Reconstruction of Bone Tissue 435

S.J. Gadaleta, R.S. Sapieszko, E.M. Erbe

Augmentation of Cancellous Screw Fixation with a Bioactive Cement(cap) In Vivo 439

K. Kawagoe, T. Shibuya, M. Saito, T. Nakashima,K. Hino, T. Ochi

Histological Studies in Clinical Cases on Interface Bioactive BoneCement Interposing HA Granules Between Bone and PMMABone Cement 443

H. Oonishi, N. Murata, M. Saito, S. Wakitani, K. Imoto,N. Kim, M. Matsuura

Comparison of the Tissue Response to Calcium Phosphate Cements withVarious Setting Accelerator 447

K. Ishikawa, Y. Miyamoto, K. Suzuki

A Comparative Study of Ultrastructures of the Interfaces BetweenThree Kinds of Bioactive Bone Cement and Bone 451

Y. Okada, M. Kobayashi, H. Fujita, Y. Katsura, H. Takadama,T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura

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VI. BIOMIMETICS, TISSUE ENGINEERING, GROWTHFACTORS, DRUG DELIVERY

A. Biomimetics

Prefabrication of Biological Apatite on a Bioactive Glass CeramicPromotes In Vitro Osteoblast Differentiation and AllowsContact Osteogenesis

C. Loty, J.M. Sautier, S. Loty, T. Kokubo, N. Forest

Analysis of BioglassR Surface Layers: Comparing In Vitro Models ofHCA Formation

T.A. Mahmood, J.E. Davies

Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Coating on Ti6A14V Induced byPre-Calcification

P. Layrolle, P.C.A. van Blitterswijk, D. de Groot

Factors Controlling Crystallization of Calcium Phosphates onSolid Surfaces

W.-J. Wu, G.H. Nancollas

Formation of Calcium Phosphate Over Phosphorylated Chitosan FilmH.K. Varma, Y. Yokogawa, Y. Kawamoto, K. Nishizawa,F. Nagata, T. Kameyama

Apatite Precipitation After Incubation of Biphasic Calcium-PhosphateCeramic in Various Solutions: Influence of Ions and Proteins

R. Rohanizadeh, M. Padrines, J.-M. Bouler, D. Couchourel,Y. Fortun, G. Daculsi

Apatite-Forming Ability of Sodium Tantalate GelsT. Miyazaki, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura

Electrostatic and Structural Analyses of Phosphate/OrganicMaterials Interfaces

K. Sato, Y. Suetsugu, M. Kikuchi, Y. Kumagai, J. Tanaka

Effects of Cations on Surface Reactions and Apatite Nucleation onSilicate Glasses in a Body Environment

A. Osaka, S. Hayakawa, C. Ohtsuki

Biocompatibilty and Crystal Growth of Poled HydroxyapatiteCeramics and Coatings

M. Ohgaki, T. Komiya, J. Hamagami, K. Yamashita

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B. Tissue Engineering and Growth Factors

Tissue Engineering of Goat Bone: Osteogenic Potential of GoatBone Marrow Cells 497

J.D. de Bruijn, I. van den Brink, Y.P. Bovell, C.A. van Blitterswijk

Effect of BioglassR and Loading Environment on Whole BoneOrgans Cultured In Vitro 501

J. Maroothynaden, X. Zang, L.L. Hench, P.A. Revell

In Vivo Ostogenic Potential of Cultured Bone/Hydroxyapatite Construct:A Comparison with that of Marrow Cell/Hydroxyapatite Composite 505

T. Uemura, T. Yoshikawa, H. Ohgushi, S. Tamai, T. Tateishi

Preparation of a Novel Calcium Phosphate-Coated Scaffold for BoneTissue Engineering 509

C.E. Holy, M.S. Shoichet, A.A. Campbell, L. Song, J.E. Dairies

Bioceramic Hollow Microspheres for 3-D Bone Tissue Formation inRotating Bioreactors 513

Q. Qiu, P. Ducheyne, P.S. Ayyaswamy

Enhancement of In Vivo Osteogenic Potential of Marrow/HydroxyapatiteComposites by Biological Factors 517

T. Noshi, T. Yoshikawa, Y. Dohi, H. Ohgushi, M. Ikeuchi,K. Horiuchi, M. Sugimura

Allogeneic Transplantation of Cultured Bone/PorousHydroxyapatite Construct 521

T. Yoshikawa, H. Nakajima, H. Ohgushi, M. Akahane, S. Tamai,E. Yamada, K. Ichijima, T. Uemura

C. Drug Delivery

Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic, a Carrier for HumanGrowth Hormone 525

G. Daculsi, O. Gauthier, J. Guicheux, J. M. Bouler, E. Aguado

Tissue Reactions to Controlled Release Silica Xerogel Carriers 529S. Radin, G. El-Bassyouni, E.J. Vresilovic, E. Schepers, P. Ducheyne

A Preliminary Study on the Use of Porous Ceramic Bodies for theRelease of Pharmacological Substances 533

A. Krajewski, A. Ravaglioli, E. Roncari, P. Pinasco,L. Montanari, I. Pantieri

Osteogenesis with Coral is Increased by BMP and BMC in aRat Cranioplasty 537

H. Petite, E. Arnuad, C. de Pollak, A. Meunier, L. Sedel, C. Damien

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Antitumor Effect by Sustained Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor UsingPorous Ceramic Delivery System

Y. Yamashita, Y. Hioki, T. Yamakawa, K. Kato, A. Uchida

Dynamic Compaction of Calcium Phosphate Powder: A New Process forDrug Delivery System

G. Daculsi, M. Trecant, J. Guicheux, G. Grimandi, M. Leroy

Bone Augmentation by BMP-Collagen I and BMP-Porous BlockHydroxyapatite Composite in Rat Calvarial Subperiosteum

H. Nagatsuka, M. Inoue, Y. Ishiwari, H. Tsujigiwa, B. Huang,N. Nagai, R.Z. LeGeros

Multiple Initial Calcification in Ectopic Bone Formation Induced by aBMP-Collagen Composite

N. Nagai, M. Inoue, H. Nagatsuka, Y. Ishiwari, Y. Kinuta, K. Nakano,N. Nagaoka, R. Tamamura, R.Z. LeGeros

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VII. CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

A. Dental Applications

Microchemical Analysis of Bioactive Glass Particles of NarrowSize Range

E. Schepers, A. Huygh, L. Barbier, P. Ducheyne

Bone-Grafting of Canine Extraction Sockets with an InjectableCalcium Phosphate Biomaterial

0. Gauthier, D. Boix, G. Grimandi, E. Aguado, J. M. Bouler,P. Weiss, G. Daculsi

Tissue Response to Anti-Washout Apatite Cement in thePremaxilla of a Rat

Y. Ueyama, K. Ishikawa, T. Mano, T. Koyama, H. Nagatsuka,T. Matsumura, K. Suzuki

Bonding of Bioactive Glasses to Human DentinS.E. Efflandt, P. Magne, W.H. Douglas, L.F. Francis

Clinical Study of Teeth Whitening Properties of ToothpastesContaining Hydroxyapatite

H. Aoki, K. Matsuda, H. Aoki, T. Daisaku, T. Sato, M. Niwa

Interpenetrating-Phase Composite Dental Restorative MaterialsJ.J. Harris, H. Hornberger, P.M. Marquis

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Implantation of Cuban Granulated Hydroxyapatite APAFILL-G™ inPeriapical Bone Defects 583

M.C.P. Alvarez, R.G. Corrodeguas, J.A.D. Garcia-Menocal, IF. Diaz,D.M. Arguelles, J.R. Hernandez, E.A. Hernandez, S.A. Guttierrez

Enzyme Cytochemistry of Hydroxyapatite-Sol Application toRats' Molar Pulp 587

T. Li, H. Aoki

Colored Zirconia Ceramics for Dental Applications 591B. Cales

The Effect of Hot Isostatic Pressing and Surface Finish on theFlexural Strength of Zirconia Dental Implants 595

K. Srisukho, W.R. Lacefield

B. Medical Applications

Coral Bioimplants in Orthopaedics 599F. Blardoni, H. Maestre, R. Gonzalez

Mechanical and Histological Evaluation of a Novel BioactiveOrthopaedic Composite 603

E.M. Erbe, A.M. Wilkes, S.J. Gadaleta

Wear Characteristics of Explanted Alumina Alumina Hip Prostheses 607J.E. Nevelos, J. Fisher, E. Ingham, C. Doyle, A.B. Nevelos

The Effect of Hip Prostheses Coating on the Post-Operative BiomechanicalState of the Femur 611

G. Baroud, G. Willmann, R. Kfeissig

A Clinical Study on Hydroxyapatite Coated External Fixation Pins 617A. Moroni, C. Faldini, J. Heikkila, S. T. Larsen, G. Magyar,S. Stea, J. Zhou, S. Giannini

Analysis of Wear Behavior of Alumina-Alumina Hip Prostheses After10 Years Implantation 621

F. Prudhommeaux, J. Nevelos, C. Doyle, A. Meunier, L. Sedel

Investigation of 87 Retrieved Ceramic Femoral Heads 625G. Willmann, A. Brodbeck

Hydroxyapatite-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Filler for Enchondroma of theMetacarpals and Phalanges of the Hand 629

K. Suzuki, M. Yamada, K. Yamamoto, T. Tanaka

Clinical Evaluation of a New Bioceramic Ophthalmic Implant 633E.J.C. Soares, V.P. Franca, L. Wykrota, S. Stumpf

xxvi Bioceramics Volume 11

Alumina/Bioactive Coating Intervertebral Spacer for the Cervical RegionN. Francaviglia, R. Spaziante, A. Nataloni, R. Martinetti, A. Ravaglioli

Clinical Evaluation of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Use inOrthopaedic Lesions

L.L. Wykrota, C.A. Garrido, F.H.L. Wykrota, V.C.F. Cury, J.A. Filho

Porous AW Glass Ceramic as a Femoral Intramedullary PlugH. Fujita, K. Ido, Y. Matsuda, H. Iida, M. Oka, T. Nakamura

The Improvements of the Material Properties of Biolox Offer Benefits forTotal Hip Replacement

G. Willmann, W. von Chamier

VIII. METHODS: SPECIAL PREPARATIONS AND ANALYSES

A. Surface Modifications of Implant

Graded Surface Structure of Bioactive Ti-6A1-4V Alloy Prepared byChemical Treatment

H.-M. Kim, H. Takadama, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo,S. Nishiguchi, T. Nakamura

Bone Formation Around Surface Modified Titanium ImplantsW.-Q. Yan, J.E. Dairies

How Does Alkali-Treated Titanium Induce Apatite Formation?H. Takadama, H.-M. Kim, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakumura

Bone-Bonding Ability of Titanium Metal Chemically Treated with HydrogenPeroxide Containing Tantalum ChlorideL In Vivo Examination

S. Kaneko, H. Ionue, K. Kobayashi, C. Ohtsuki, A. Osaka

The Effect of Alkali and Heat Treatment on Bone BondingAbility of Tantalum

H. Kato, T. Nakamura, S. Nishiguchi, H. Fujita, T. Miyazaki,F. Miyaji, H.-M. Kim, T. Kokubo

Enhancement of Bone Bonding Strengths of Titanium Alloys by Alkali andHeat Treatments

S. Nishiguchi, T. Nakamura, H. Kato, H. Fujita, H.-M. Kim,F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo

Cytocompatibility of Titanium Metal Treated with Hydrogen PeroxideContaining Tantalum Chloride

C. Ohtsuki, K. Kobayashi, S. Hayakawa, A. Osaka, H. Inoue

Effect of Alumina and Apatitic Abrasives on Ti Alloy SubstancesT. Salgado, J.P. LeGeros, J. Wang

Contents xxvii

Surface Modification of Ethylene-Vinylalcohol Copolymer for Inducing itsApatite-Forming Ability 687

A. Oyane, M. Minoda, T. Miyamoto, K. Nakanishi, H.-M. Kim,F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, T. Nakamura

Research and Design of Ceramic Knee Replacement 691

D. Sida, S. Konvickova, A. Donat

B. Special Preparations and Analytical Techniques

Synthesis of Blood Compatible Ceramic Powders and a ConvenientMethod of Evaluating an Anti-Clotting Property 695

S. Takashima, C. Ohtsuki, S. Hayakawa, A. Osaka

Ceramic/Metal Joining as a Tool for the Encapsulation of TelemetricSystems to be Used in Orthopaedics 699

O.C. Paiva, M.A. Barbosa

Preparation of Antibacterial Silver-Containing Silica Glass bySol-Gel Method 703

M. Kawashita, S. Tsuneyama, F. Miyaji, T. Kokubo, H. Kozuka,K. Yamamoto

Cathodoluminescence Study of the Apatite-Like Layer on BioactiveSol-Gel Glasses 707

A.J. Salinas, J. Roman, M. Vallet-Regt, P. Fernandez, J. Piqueras

Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Particle Size Distribution ofHydroxyapatite Chemically Precipitated from Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4 711

G. Vargas, J. Lopez, J. Acevedo, J. Mendex, M. Mendez

Particle Sizing Characterization of a-TCP and HydroxyapatiteColloids During Transformation Process by Ultrasonic Attenuation Spectroscopy 715

5. Takeda, A. Nakahira, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto

Characterisation of Hydroxyapatite Crystal Grown on Self AssembledMonolayers Via Atomic Force Microscopy 719

N. Costa, C.A.C. Zavaglia, M.A. Cotta

Development of a Novel Enstatite Glass-Ceramic Biomaterial 723T. Buckland, S.M. Best, K.-A. Hing, W. Bonfield

Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate Based Ceramics with ControlledPorosity for Bone Scaffolds 727

R.K. Panda, P. Teung, S.C. Danforth, A. Safari

Effect of Y2O3 Additive on Microstructure and Sintering of Hydroxyapatite 731K. Shiba, A. Nakahira, S. Yamaguchi, K. Sakamoto,K. Kijima, M. Okazaki

xxviii Bioceramics Volume 11

Two New Routes for Producing Porous Bioactive Ceramics: PolyurethanePrecursors and Microwave Baking 735

A.S. Ribeiro, P.B. Malafaya, R.L. Reis

Bioactive Silica-Phosphoric Acid Condensation Reactions:Theory and Application 739

J.K. West, J.-P. Zhong, A.E. Clark, D.C Greenspan

Complex Sol-Gel Process (CSGP) Preparation of Calcium PhosphateBiomaterials (Powders, Monoliths, Fibers) 743

A. Deptula, W. Lada, T. Olczak, B. Sarowska, R.Z. LeGeros, J.P. LeGeros

Formation of Apatites in the System: KCl-CaCl2-Ca3(PO4)2-K3PO4-H2O at 25°C 747R. Rokbani, R.Z. LeGeros, N.K. Ariguib, M.T. Ayedi, J.P. LeGeros

Hydroxyapatite-Alumina Platelet Composites 751S. Gautier, E. Champion, E. Raynaud, S. D. Bernache-Assolant

Bone Graft Biomaterial of Echinodermal Origin 755R. Rodriguez, J. Gomez, F. Blardoni, R. Rodriguez-Clemente

Value-Added Bioceramic Materials from Low-Cost Natural Sources:Their Processing, Characterisation and Potential Applications in Medicine 759

M.R. Mucalo, G.S. Johnson, M.A. Lorier, LA. Anderson,H. Mucha, U. Gieland

Pore Volume Expansion in Porous Bioactive Glass Implants During anIn Vitro Immersion in SBF 763

H. Yldnen, C. Ekholm, K.H. Karlsson, J.I. Salonen, H.T. Aro

Author Index 767

Subject Index 775