Ceramics

Glasses Clay products

Refractories Abrasives Cements Advanced ceramics

-optical -composite reinforce -containers/ household

-whiteware -structural

-bricks for high T (furnaces)

-sandpaper -cutting -polishing

-composites -structural

-engine rotors valves bearings

-sensors

Ceramic Materials

CLASSİFİCATİON OF CERAMİCS

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PROPERTİES OF CERAMİCS Extreme hardness

– High wear resistance– Extreme hardness can reduce wear caused by friction

Corrosion resistance Heat resistance

– Low electrical conductivity– Low thermal conductivity– Low thermal expansion– Poor thermal shock resistance

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PROPERTİES OF CERAMİCS Low ductility

– Very brittle– High elastic modulus

Low toughness– Low fracture toughness– Indicates the ability of a crack or flaw to produce a catastrophic failure

Low density– Porosity affects properties

High strength at elevated temperatures

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Whitewares

Crockery Floor and wall tiles Sanitary-ware Electrical porcelain Decorative ceramics

Refractories

Firebricks for furnaces and ovens. Have high Silicon or Aluminium oxide content.Brick products are used in the manufacturing plant for iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, glass, cements, ceramics, energy conversion, petroleum, and chemical industries.

Glasses Flat glass (windows) Container glass (bottles) Pressed and blown glass

(dinnerware) Glass fibres (home

insulation) Advanced/specialty

glass (optical fibres)

Cements

Used to produce concrete roads, bridges, buildings, dams.

Industrial manufacture process10

Properties of Ceramic Materials

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Drying and Firing• Drying: as water is removed - interparticle spacings decrease – shrinkage .

Adapted from Fig. 13.13, Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 13.13 is from W.D. Kingery, Introduction to Ceramics, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1960.)

Drying too fast causes sample to warp or crack due to non-uniform shrinkagewet body partially dry completely dry

• Firing: -- heat treatment between 900-1400ºC -- vitrification: liquid glass forms from clay and flux – flows between SiO2 particles. (Flux lowers melting temperature). Adapted from Fig. 13.14, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.

(Fig. 13.14 is courtesy H.G. Brinkies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Campus, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.)

Si02 particle(quartz)

glass formed around the particle

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70 mm

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Pressed Glass Processing

SoftenedGob

Ceramic tiles

WALL TILES FLOOR TILES VITRIFIED TILES INDUSTRIAL TILES

Why use ceramics over marbels

Easy availability and maintenance of ceramic tiles is pushing global market by a large extent

Changing life style and increased disposable income :P Innovation in production technology Indian imported tiles till 2011 Large number of employment Cheap and light material

How to test for quality

Appearance : colour, glaze and thickness Uniform size Smooth size Presence of cracks Slip resistance Under surface Technical Details : Check for warping

Marble Raw MaterialRs 50 to 300

Marble is a type of rock composed of recrystallized material most commonly limestone. The white marble comes from the most pure form of limestone. Colors and veins in the marble arise when other materials are present in the earth crust along with limestone. Marble gives soft look and provides elegance to the modern era structures

GraniteRaw MaterialRs 100 to 500

Granite is a hard and tough stone that comes from ingenious rocks and is more dense and have more compressive strength when compared to marble stones.

TilesRaw MaterialRs 30 to 200

The word tile flooring is used for many type of floorings and here we will discuss ceramic tiles. These tiles are made from porcelain, fired clay or ceramic with a glazed surface. These are available in both shining surface and rough surfaces which also makes them suitable for areas that tend to become slippery.

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