CEOS WG Disasters ReportIvan Petiteville, ESA

SIT Workshop Agenda Item # 7 e

CEOS Action / Work Plan Reference

CEOS SIT Technical Workshop

EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany

17th – 18th September 2015

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

Single Hazard:o Floods, Seismic Hazards & Volcanoes Pilots

Multi-Hazard:o Geohazards Supersiteso Recovery Observatory Pilot

CEOS Activities in Support to DRR

Series of on-going end-to end projects (end in 2017) to demonstrate benefits of satellite EO to ALL DRM phases, with strong user involvement

Floods, Seismic Hazards and Volcanoes are progressing very well with several positive feedback from end users.

Single Hazard Pilot Projects

NASA staff with two Namibian agents (Namibian Department of Water Affairs and Forestry) and one villagerCourtesy NASA.

Conditions met to start a new pilot focused on landslide following a multi-hazard approach.

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• Several CEOS agencies (NASA, USGS, ESA, CSA, ASI) are or have been involved in various landslide research projects (optical, radar and precipitation based methods).

• Pooling satellite assets in coordinated framework offers broader range of observations to support research.

• Take advantage of newly available (e.g. Sentinel-1 and 2, ALOS-2) and planned EO missions (e.g. the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar, NISAR).

• High priority needs and objectives from user community rather well known

Why a Landslide Programme ?

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Defined through an open review process (the Santorini Conference, 2012):

• Objective A: o Develop comprehensive EO-based inventories of known landslide hazard areas

currently unmapped or insufficiently mapped to better understand the extent of the hazard.

• Objective B: o Within priority areas, monitor hotspots using regular satellite EO monitoring on a

semestrial to monthly basis, using both optical and radar imagery and derived products.

• Objective C: o Develop outreach programs, capacity building and demonstration projects with

national authorities to increase use of EO and promote acceptance of EO as a standard.

Objectives of the Landslides community

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Global Landslide Hazard Distribution, Nadim et al., 2006

Long-term Landslide Priority Areas

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• Priority areas (red): comparison with priority areas of CEOS Pilot on seismic hazards (blue)

• Large overlap overall.• Identical observation requirements (e.g. concerning INSAR).

Landslide priorities and Seismic hazards

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Landslides Pilot users are typically:o Scientistso Civil Protection Authoritieso Organisations with a mandate in DRR o Policy Makers & Plannerso Citizenso Other end–users

Areas identified by preliminary contacts (national users, international organisations e.g. UNITAR, UN ESCAP, etc):

o Africa (Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda) o Latin America (Central America/Caribbean)o North America (USA, Canada)  o Europe (Italy, Spain, Swizerland, Greece) o South Asia (Nepal, Bhutan)

Major landslide near Hiroshima, Japan (72 deaths, 2 missing), August 2014. Credit: AFP

Landslide Pilot – Who are the Users ?

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Several agencies interested to cooperate on landslides, induced by geohazards and hydromet hazards:

o NASA, ASI, ESA, CNES, CSA and CASo TBC for USGS, NOAA, DLR and NRCAN

Dahlia Kirschbaum (NASA) and Fausto Guzzetti (Director of Italian Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection – CNR) volunteer to co-lead the Landslide Pilot team

Project Proposal will be refined and presented to CEOS Plenary for endorsement

Landslides Pilot Team

Data delivered to all Supersites incl. last ones endorsed by CEOS :

Multi Hazard Pilot Projects –Supersites

RADARSAT-2 interferograms (©NRCAN)

Coseismic displacement field (25 Apr. 2015,) M 7.8 Gorkha, Nepal Earthquake, Sentinel-1 images (Apr. 17 and Apr. 29, 2015).

Same product with ALOS2 images, (Feb. 21 and May 2, 2015)

Tungurahua & Cotopaxi volcano (Ecuador)

COSMO-SkyMed and TerraSAR X

Taupo volcanic zone (New Zealand) TerraSAR X and RADARSAT-2

Nepal earthquakes +600 images from COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR X,

RADARSAT-2, Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2)

RO TEAM:

Space agencies: CNES, ASI, DLR, ESA, JAXA, NASA

DRM Stakeholders: UNDP, UNOSAT, World Bank/GFDRR.

Copernicus EMS Risk and Recovery interested to join.

Other partners: CURBE (Univ. of Cambridge), COPE (Univ. of Copenhagen)

STATUS:• Recovery Observatory ready for triggering since early 2015.• Collaboration attempted on Cyclone Pam (Vanuatu –Lessons

Learned Report with recommendations).• Possible further collaboration (Post Disaster Needs Assessments

(PDNA) before RO?) late 2015 to establish operational linkages.• Updated RO Triggering procedure issued.• Significant progress made in past few months on End user product

definition, Infrastructure and Licensing issue.

Multi Hazard Pilot Projects –Recovery Observatory

FLOODS

VOLCANOES

SEISMIC HAZARDS

Both global and regional activities.

Some Pilots’ Success Stories

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Volcanoes: Calbuco, Chile

• After 43 years of quiescence, Calbuco, Chile, began erupting on 22 April 2015, with very little warning.

• Large amount of ash (more than 0.1 km3) with significant impact on air traffic on Chile and Argentina. Several thousand people were evacuated from villages closest to Calbuco .

• Ash was tracked using data from the pilot and was communicated to VAAC in Buenos Aires.

• SAR data from the pilot project were used to characterize co-eruption surface deformation, which helps to constrain the location of the magma body that fed the eruption.

• Other interferograms constrain the deformation to have started no later than 1.5 days before the eruption, and to have lasted no more than 1 day.

Partner agencies: SERNAGEOMIN (Chile); Buenos Aires Volcano Ash Advisory Center (Argentina); University of Bristol (UK); Cornell University (USA); NOAA (USA)

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Volcanoes: Calbuco, Chile

Perspective view of deformation at Calbuco as determined from a Sentinel-1a interferogramCoeruptive ascending Sentinel-1 interferograms show deflation with a maximum line of sight change of 12 cm located on the west flank of the volcano.

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Volcanoes: Calbuco, Chile

Observed (left), modeled (center), and residual (right) deformation at Calbuco from a Sentinel-1a interferogram spanning April 14–26, 2015. Deformation can be approximated by a source at ~9 km depth beneath the volcano’s west flank.

Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) used this source model to validate their tilt meter records

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• SERNAGEOMIN, Observatorio Volcanológico de Los Andes del Sur (OVDAS) Chile;

• Observatorio San Calixto, Bolivia; • Instituto Geofísico del Perú; • Instituto Geofísico de la Universidad Nacional de San Agustín,

Peru; • Instituto Geofísico, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador; • Servicio Geológico Colombiano, Colombia• Buenos Aires Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, Argentina• Instituto nacional de sismología, vulcanologia, meteorología e

hidrologia, (NSIVUMEH), Guatemala• Instituto Nicaraguense de Estudios Territoriales (INETER),

Nicaragua

Volcano Pilot:User Communities in Latin America

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Geographic Area Product Value Added Partner

Haiti Flood extent maps, flood risk maps, landslide maps, flash flood

guidance / threat maps, integrated risk assessment

platform

SERTIT, CIMA, INGV, Altamira, CIMH, RASOR FP7, NOAA/HRC

Other Caribbean islands, Central America

Flood damage maps, change detection products, co-registered

map overlays

CATHALAC, CIMH, NASA/GSFC

Namibia Flood extent maps, flood warning products, co-registered map overlays

Namibia Hydrology Dept, Namibian Water Authority,

NASA

Zambezi basin Flood extent maps, flood forecast models, flood hazard maps, flood

depth forecasts

Lippmann Institute (PAPARAZZI, HAZARD,

WATCHFUL), DELTARES, NASA/JPL

Mekong Flood extent maps, flood risk maps, flash flood guidance /

threat maps

Mekong River Commission, NASA, NOAA/HRC, USGS,

University of South Carolina, Texas A&M

Java (Bandung, Jakarta, Cilacap)

Flood risk maps, subsidence maps tied to flood risk, tsunami

risk maps (Cilacap only), flood extent maps

SERTIT, Deltares, CIMA, Altamira, INGV, RASOR FP7 Products used by: national end users, civil protection agencies, World Bank,

Red Cross, World Food Program, River Commissions (Kavango, Zambezi, Mekong)

Floods Pilot: How Data Are Being Exploited

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GFMS cited by UN World Food Program:• "The Global Flood Monitoring System (GFMS) provides one key step

further by indicating how an excess rainfall event will impact river flow, and also whether there is a potential for flooding downstream away from the heavy rain event," said E.Niebuhr, World Food Program. "We check the GFMS nearly every single day to monitor current flood concerns, and also to assist in discovering new flood events that may not have been reported yet or are developing”.

Nepal Department of Hydrology and Meteorology and ICIMOD used GFMS data after the Nepal earthquake

Floods Pilot: Obj. AGlobal Component : GFMS

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• LIST flood hazard maps determine flood severity by comparing flood extent in a SAR image with computed extent / return period from simulated historic floods

• The UN World Food Programme has shown interest

Floods Pilot: Obj. B -Southern Africa

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ALOS ascending (2007-2011)

CSK ascending (2013-2015)

Difference (CSK-ALOS)

(red = increased rate of subsidence)

Floods Pilot: Obj. B -South-East Asia

Projected total subsidence by 2021 of up to 2.2 m along main drainage areas.© INGV

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Other Activities:

Consultations on new pilot products with UN, World Bank, and ICRC

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center (ADPC, Bangkok Thailand) to setup instance of flood modeling and monitoring processing and distribution software installed under cooperation with SERVIR and USAID Oct-Nov 2015

Floods Pilot: Obj. B -Subsidence Projection

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• Data provided: EO-1, ASTER, COSMO-SkyMed, Sentinel-1, and LANDSAT, plus high-resolution GFMS forecasts

• Users: FEMA, US Forest Service, EPA, Texas Water Development Board and Texas Commission on Water Quality, plus briefings by UT-Austin personnel to Texas Emergency Operations Center and Governor’s Emergency Management Council

• Feedback from Theresa Howard and Gordon Wells (UT-Austin):

“The imagery offered a detailed view of inundation impacting agriculture in rural areas, which is information that can be difficult to obtain from other sources. The imagery also helps to fill in the coverage gaps between stream gages that are monitored for current and forecast conditions.”

Floods Pilot: Obj. B -Texas

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Floods Pilot: Obj. B -Texas

EO-1, 1045 CDT 27 May 2015Imaged processed by Texas partners

COSMO-SkyMed, 2 June 2015 as processed and analyzed by LIST

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Disaster Component # 5 of the CEOS 2015-2017 Work Plan deals with the CEOS Pilots• Activities are progressing quite well with all Objectives

reached and Deliverables produced as originally planned

• Current GEO Disasters components will be rearranged in GEO Transitional 2016 WP.

• GEO-DARMA proposed by CEOS as new GEO initiative for 2016.

Issues preventing progress:• None as of today

CEOS Activities in Support to DRR

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Required steps and/or decisions at next CEOS Plenary:

1. Endorse the updated RO triggering procedure

2. Endorse the creation of a new Pilot on Landslides (in a multi-hazard approach)

3. Endorse the CEOS support to three new supersites (still TBC as proposals still being consolidated):

- San Andreas fault (USA), Gulf of Corinth fault zone (Greece), and Straits of Messina (Italy)

Decisions @ CEOS Plenary