I

Ministry Of Higher Education

Al-Salam Higher Institute For Engineering And Technology

Mechanical Power Department

Centrifugal pump

By

Abdelaal mohamed khttap

Cairo 2014

II

Ministry Of Higher Education

Al-Salam Higher Institute For

Engineering And Technology

Mechanical power department

Centrifugal pump

By

Abdelaal mohamed khttap

Cairo 2014

III

Acknowledgements

All thanks are extended to all who helped me in gathering information to

make this report. Special thanks to the assistant stuff of technical report

course. Finally the student is very grateful for all stuff of mechanical power

department who provided him by useful courses which enhance his skills that

was one of the main reasons of his success.

IV

Preface

Centrifugal pump is one of the most important pumps used in the modern

industries. This report discusses the structure, advantages and disadvantages

of centrifugal pumps, types of centrifugal pumps and the different

applications of centrifugal pumps.

The main body of the text contains the following subjects.

Chapter (1)

This chapter introduces the history of pumps and the developments of them

Chapter (2)

This chapter introduces the structure and the main components of centrifugal

pump. Small brief discussion about every main component in the centrifugal

pump.

Chapter (3)

This chapter introduces the advantages and disadvantages of different types

of centrifugal pumps and how to overcome these disadvantages.

Chapter (4)

This chapter discusses the different applications of the different types of

centrifugal pump.

Chapter (5)

This chapter introduces the conclusions that have been concluded from the

search about the centrifugal pump and its performance.

V

Letter of Authorization

The Authorization Of This Work Is Made By A Student Of Al-Salam Higher

Institute For Engineering And Technology, Mechanical Power Department,

And He Spare No Effort To Produce This Work And His Name Is:

3السكشن: االسم:عبدالعال محمد محمد خطاب

VI

Contents Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... III

Preface .............................................................................................................................................. IV

Letter of Authorization ...................................................................................................................... V

List of Table ..................................................................................................................................... VIII

List of Figure.................................................................................................................................... VIII

Nomencalture ................................................................................................................................... IX

Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. X

Chapter 1:Introdution ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.1Historical Background: .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2Centrifugal Pump: ..................................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 2:Centrifugal Pump Design .................................................................................................. 2

2.1 Introduction to the Chapter [3]: ................................................................................................ 2

2.2 Principle of the Centrifugal Pump:........................................................................................... 2

2.3 Hydraulic Components: ........................................................................................................... 2

2.3.1 Inlet flange and inlet: ........................................................................................................ 3

2.3.2 Impeller [6]: ........................................................................................................................ 3

2.3.2 Coupling and Drive: ........................................................................................................... 4

2.3.4 Impeller Seal: .................................................................................................................... 4

2.3.5 Cavities and axial bearing: ................................................................................................ 5

2.3.6 Volute casing, diffuser and outlet flange: ......................................................................... 6

2.3.7 Return channel and outer sleeve: ..................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3: Advantages, Disadvantages and problems of Centrifugal pumps ................................... 8

3.1 Advantages: ............................................................................................................................. 8

3.2 Disadvantages: ......................................................................................................................... 8

3.3 The dangers of letting the pump dry[5]: ................................................................................... 8

3.4 Diagnosis of Pump Problems [2]: .............................................................................................. 8

3.4.1 Hydraulic Problems [2]: ...................................................................................................... 8

Chapter 4: Different Types and Applications of Centrifugal Pumps ................................................ 10

4.1 General and Sepecific Applications: ...................................................................................... 10

4.1.1Other Applications[11]: ...................................................................................................... 13

4.2 Different Types of centrifugal Pumps: ................................................................................... 13

VII

4.2.1 Standard end suction compact centrifugal pump 2 Pole [8]: ........................................... 13

4.2.2 End Suction Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole [8]: ........................................................................ 13

4.2.3 In line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole: ..................................................................................... 14

4.2.4 Stainless steel In line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole [9]: .......................................................... 15

4.2.5 Magnetic Coupling Pump 2 Pole[9]: ................................................................................. 15

4.2.6 Self-priming centrifugal pump4 pole: ............................................................................. 16

4.2.7Self-priming centrifugal pump 2 pole: ............................................................................. 16

Chapter 5: Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 17

References ....................................................................................................................................... 18

VIII

List of Table

Name Page

Table (2.1): Some impeller calculations 4

List of Figure

Name Page

Fig. (1-1): Water pump in ancient Greece 1

Fig (2-1): Centrifugal pump structure 2

Fig (2-2): Inlet for inline, end suction, double suction and submersible pump 3

Fig (2-3): Primary and Secondary flows in the cavities 5

Fig (2-4): Pressure forces which cause axial thrust 5

Fig (2-5): The components of the volute casing 7

Fig. (4-1): Pumps used in Petroleum Industry 11

Fig. (4-2): Pumps used in Pipe line 13

Fig. (4-3): End suction compact Centrifugal pump 14

Fig. (4-4): End suction Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole 14

Fig (4.5): In Line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole 15

Fig. (4-6): Stainless Steel in Line Centrifugal Pump 16

Fig.(4-7): Magnetic Coupling Pump 2 Pole 16

IX

Nomencalture

Symbol Quantity Unit

dw Saft diameter m

d1,opt Optimum Impeller inlet diamter m

d2 Impeller outer diameter m

fd1 Application of Impeller Type -

fq Impeller eyes per Imperller -

g Acceleration of gravity m/s2

Hopt Optimum Head m

kn Blokage caused by hub -

n Rotional speed rpm

nq Specific speed rpm

QE Flow rate axial thrust balancing device m3/s

QLa Flow rate through Impeller m3/s

Qopt Optimum flow rate m3/s

Qsp Leakage flow rate through seal at impeller inlet m3/s

Approch Flow Angle Degree

Impeller inlet angle Degree

Coefficient -

Volumetric effciency -

Cofficient for NPSH calculation -

Cofficient for NPSH calculation -

Mathmatical Constant = 3.14 -

Shear strees N/m2

Optimum head coefficient -

Angular Velocity Rad/s

NPSH Net Positive Suction Head -

Pmax Maximum power watt

X

Abstract

Centrifugal pumps are considered the most important type of pumps that used

in different applications of life so this report discuss briefly the structure and

design of different components of centrifugal pump and the function of every

component .The advantages and disadvantages of different types of

centrifugal pump and how to overcome these disadvantages and to improve

the performance .The different applications of centrifugal pumps in modern

industries and other applications .The conclusions that were deduced from the

process of search and doing experiments.

1

Chapter 1:Introdution

Introduction

1.1Historical Background:

The earliest pumps we know of are variously known, depending on which culture

recorded their description, as Persian wheels, waterwheels, or norias. These devices were

all undershot waterwheels containing buckets that filled with water when they were

submerged in a stream and that automatically emptied into a collecting trough as they

were carried to their highest point by the rotating wheel. Similar waterwheels have

continued in existence in parts of the Orient even into the twentieth century. Because

pumps have existed for so long and are so widely used, it is hardly surprising that they are

produced in a seemingly endless variety of sizes and types and are applied to an apparently

equally endless variety of services. Although this variety has contributed to an extensive

body of periodical literature, it has also tended to preclude the publication of

comprehensive works. [1]

1.2Centrifugal Pump:

A centrifugal pump is a rotating machine in which flow and pressure are generated

dynamically. The inlet is not walled off from the outlet as is the case with positive

displacement pumps, whether they are reciprocating or rotary in configuration. Rather, a

centrifugal pump delivers useful energy to the fluid or “pumpage” largely through velocity

changes that occur as this fluid flows through the impeller and the associated fixed

passageways of the pump; that is, it is a “rotodynamic” pump. All impeller pumps are

rotodynamic, including those with radial-flow, mixed-flow, and axial-flow impellers: the

term “centrifugal pump” tends to encompass all rotodynamic pumps. [1]

Fig.(1-1): Water pump in ancient Greece

2

Chapter 2:Centrifugal Pump Design

Centrifugal pump design

2.1 Introduction to the Chapter [3]

:

In this chapter, we introduce the components in the centrifugal pump and a range of the

pump types. This chapter provides the reader with a basic understanding of the principles

of the centrifugal pump and pump terminology.

The centrifugal pump is the most used pump type in the world. The principle is simple,

well-described and thoroughly tested, and the pump is robust, effective and relatively

inexpensive to produce. There is a wide range of variations based on the principle of the

centrifugal pump and consisting of the same basic hydraulic parts.

2.2 Principle of the Centrifugal Pump:

An increase in the fluid pressure from the pump inlet to its outlet is created when the pump

is in operation. This pressure difference drives the fluid through the system or plant.

The centrifugal pump creates an increase in pressure by transferring mechanical energy

from the motor to the fluid through the rotating impeller. The fluid flows from the inlet to

the impeller centre and out along its blades. The centrifugal force hereby increases the

fluid velocity and consequently also the kinetic energy is transformed to pressure. [3]

2.3 Hydraulic Components:

The hydraulic components are the parts in contact with the fluid.

Fig (2-1): Centrifugal pump structure

3

2.3.1 Inlet flange and inlet:

The pump is connected to the piping system through its inlet and outlet flanges. The

design of the flanges depends on the pump application. Some pump types have no inlet

flange because the inlet is not mounted on a pipe but sub-merged directly in the fluid.

The inlet guides the fluid to the impeller eye. The design of the inlet depends on the pump

type. The four most common types of inlets are in line, end suction, double suction and

inlet for submersible pumps.

The design of the inlet aims at creating a uniform velocity profile into the impeller since

this leads to the best performance. [3]

Fig (2-2): Inlet for inline, end suction, double suction and submersible pump

2.3.2 Impeller [6]

:

The blades of the rotating impeller transfer energy to the fluid there by increasing pressure

and velocity. The fluid is sucked into the impeller at the impeller eye and flows through

the impeller channels formed by the blades between the shroud and hub.

The design of the impeller depends on the requirements for pressure, flow and application.

The impeller is the primary component determining the pump performance. Pumps

variants are often created only by modifying the impeller. [3]

In a radial impeller, there is a significant difference between the inlet diameter and the

outlet diameter and also between the outlet diameter and the outlet width, which is the

channel height at the impeller exit. In this construction, the centrifugal forces result in high

pressure and low flow. Relatively low pressure and high flow are, on the contrary, found

4

in an axial impeller with a no change in radial direction and large outlet width. Semi axial

impellers are used when a trade-off between pressure rise and flow is required.

The impeller has a number of impeller blades. The number mainly depends on the desired

performance and noise constraints as well as the amount and size of solid particles in the

fluid. Impellers with 5-10 channels have proven to give the best efficiency and are used

for fluid without solid particles.[3]

2.3.2.1 Calculations of Impeller Design:

Table (2.1): Some Impeller Design Calculations

[2]

Given quantities n, Qopt, Hopt, α1

Flow rate through impeller QLa = Qopt + Qsp + QE = Qopt/ηv

Shaft diameter dw=

=3.65

Impeller outlet diameter d2=

√

√

Impeller inlet diameter for minimum

relative velocity

d1*

= √

Impeller inlet diameter for selected d1=2.9√

Impeller inlet diameter for selected

coefficients d1,opt=√

(

)

Where

2.3.2 Coupling and Drive:

The impeller is usually driven by an electric motor. The coupling between motor and

hydraulics is a weak point because it is difficult to seal a rotating shaft. In connection with

the coupling, distinction is made between two types of pumps: Dry-runner pumps and

canned rotor type pump. The advantage of the dry-runner pump compared to the canned

rotor type pump is the use of standardized motors. The disadvantage is the sealing between

the motor and impeller. [3]

2.3.4 Impeller Seal:

A leak flow will occur in the gap between the rotating impeller and stationary pump

housing when the pump is operating. The rate of leak flow depends mainly on the design

of the gap and the impeller pressure rise. The leak flow returns to the impeller eye through

5

the gap. Thus, the impeller has to pump both the leak flow and the fluid through the pump

from the inlet flange to the outlet flange. To minimize leak flow, an impeller seal is

mounted. [7]

2.3.5 Cavities and axial bearing:

The volume of the cavities depends on the design of the impeller and the pump housing,

and they affect the flow around the impeller and the pump‟s ability to handle sand and air The impeller rotation creates two types of flows in the cavities: Primary flows and

secondary flows. Primary flows are vortices rotating with the impeller in the cavities

above and below the impeller; Secondary flows are substantially weaker than the primary

flows. [7]

Primary and secondary flows influence the pressure distribution on the outside of the

impeller hub and shroud affecting the axial thrust. The axial thrust is the sum of all forces

in the axial direction arising due to the pres-sure condition in the pump. The main force

contribution comes from the rise in pressure caused by the impeller. The impeller eye is

affected by the inlet pressure while the outer surfaces of the hub and shroud are affected

by the outlet pressure,. The end of the shaft is exposed to the atmospheric pressure while

the other end is affected by the system pres-sure. The pressure is increasing from the

center of the shaft and outwards.

The axial bearing absorbs the entire axial thrust and is therefore exposed to the forces

affecting the impeller. [7]

Fig (2-3): Primary and Secondary flows in the cavities

Fig (2-4): Pressure forces which cause axial thrust

6

2.3.6 Volute casing, diffuser and outlet flange:

The volute casing collects the fluid from the impeller and leads into the outlet flange. The

volute casing converts the dynamic pressure rise in the impeller to static pressure. The

velocity is gradually reduced when the cross-sectional area of the fluid flow is increased.

This transformation is called velocity diffusion. An example of diffusion is when the fluid

velocity in a pipe is reduced because of the transition from a small cross-sectional area to a

large cross-sectional area.

The volute casing is designed to convert dynamic pressure to static pressure is achieved

while the pressure losses are minimized. The highest efficiency is obtained by finding the

right balance between changes in velocity and wall friction. Focus is on the following

parameters when designing the volute casing: The volute diameter, the cross-section

geometry of the volute, design of the tongue, the throat area and the radial positioning as

well as length, width and curvature of the diffuser.

The volute casing consists of three main components: Ring diffuser, volute and outlet

diffuser. See Fig (2-5)

The primary ring diffuser function is to guide the fluid from the impeller to the volute.

The cross-section area in the ring diffuser is increased because of the increase in diameter

from the impeller to the volute. Blades can be placed in the ring diffuser to increase the

diffusion.

The primary task of the volute is to collect the fluid from the ring diffuser and lead it to the

diffuser. To have the same pressure along the volute, the cross-section area in the volute

must be increased along the periphery from the tongue towards the throat. The throat is the

place on the outside of the tongue where the smallest cross-section area in the outlet

diffuser is found. The flow conditions in the volute can only be optimal at the design

point. At other flows, radial forces occur on the impeller because of circumferential

pressure variation in the volute. Radial forces must, like the axial forces, be absorbed in

the bearing.

The outlet diffuser connects the throat with the out-let flange. The diffuser increases the

static pressure by a gradual increase of the cross-section area from the throat to the outlet

flange.

2.3.7 Return channel and outer sleeve:

To increase the pressure rise over the pump, more impellers can be connected in series.

The return channel leads the fluid from one impeller to the next. An impeller and a return

7

channel are either called a stage or a chamber. The chambers in a multistage pump are

altogether called the chamber stack.

Besides leading the fluid from one impeller to the next, the return channel has the same

basic function as volute casing: To convert dynamic pressure to static pressure. The return

channel reduces unwanted rotation in the fluid because such a rotation affects the

performance of the subsequent impeller. The rotation is controlled by guide vanes in the

return channel.

In multistage inline pumps the fluid is lead from the top of the chamber stack to the outlet

in the channel formed by the outer part of the chamber stack and the outer sleeve.

When designing a return channel, the same design considerations of impel-ler and volute

casing apply. Contrary to volute casing, a return channel does not create radial forces on

the impeller because it is axis-symmetric.

Fig. (2-5): The components of the volute casing

8

Chapter 3: Advantages, Disadvantages and problems of

Centrifugal pumps

3.1 Advantages:

– Simple operation.

– Low first cost and maintenance.

– Insignificant excessive pressure builds up in casing.

– Impeller and shaft are the only moving parts.

– Quiet operations.

– Wide range of pressure, flow and capacities.

– Utilize small floor space in different positions. [4]

3.2 Disadvantages:

– High viscous liquids are not handled well.

– Centrifugal Pumps usually don‟t have the capabilities of handling high pressure

applications in comparison to other types of pumps, i.e., Regenerative turbines.

– In general, Centrifugal pumps cannot deliver high pressure without changes in design

and are not suitable for high pressure delivery at low volumes except the multistage

pumps. [4]

3.3 The dangers of letting the pump dry[5]

:

Pump gland & bearing damage due to overheating

Shaft misalignment

Seal ring damage

Wear ring damage

3.4 Diagnosis of Pump Problems [2]

:

Pump operating problems may be either hydraulic or mechanical. In the first category, a

pump may fail to deliver liquid, it may deliver an insufficient capacity or develop

insufficient pressure, or it may lose its prime after starting. In the second category, it may

consume excessive power, or symptoms of mechanical difficulties may develop at the seal

chambers or at the bearings, or vibration, noise, or break-age of some pump parts may

occur. [2]

3.4.1 Hydraulic Problems [2]

:

1. Pump does not deliver liquid 3. Pump loses prime after starting

2. Insufficient capacity delivered 4. Pump requires excessive power

9

5. Insufficient pressure developed 6. Pump vibrates or is noisy at all flows

7. Pump vibrates or is noisy at low flows 8. Pump vibrates or is noisy at high flows

9. Shaft oscillates axially 10. Impeller vanes are eroded on visible side

3.4.1.1 Possible Causes of Hydraulic Problems [2]

:

1. Pump not primed 2. Pump suction pipe not completely filled with liquid

3. Insufficient available NPSH 4. Excessive amount of air or gas in liquid

5. Air pocket in suction line 6. Air leaks into suction line

7. Air leaks into pump through stuffing boxes or through mechanical seal

8. Water seal pipe plugged 9. Seal cage improperly mounted in stuffing box

10. Inlet of suction pipe insufficiently submerged.

3.4.2 General Mechanical Problems [2]

:

1. Foreign matter in impellers 2. Misalignment

3. Foundation insufficiently rigid 4. Loose foundation bolts

5. Loose pump or motor bolts 6. Inadequate grouting of base plate

3.4.2.1 Mechanical Problems of Sealing Area [2]

:

1. Shaft or shaft sleeves worn or scored at packing

2. Incorrect type of packing for operating conditions

3. Packing improperly installed

4. Gland too tight, prevents flow of liquid to lubricate packing

5. Excessive clearance at bottom of stuffing box allows packing to be forced into pump

interior

6. Dirt or grit in sealing liquid

3.4.2.2 Mechanical Problems of Bearings [2]

:

1. Excessive radial thrust in single-volute pumps

2. Excessive axial thrust caused by excessive wear at internal clearances or, if used, failure

or excessive wear of balancing drive

3. Wrong grade of grease or oil

4. Excessive grease or oil in rolling element bearing housings

5. Lack of lubrication

6. Improper installation of rolling element bearings such as damage during installation,

incorrect assembly of stacked bearings, use of unmatched bearings as a pair, and so on

7. Dirt getting into bearings

8. Moisture contaminating lubricant

9. Excessive cooling of water-cooled bearings

10

Chapter 4: Different Types and Applications of

Centrifugal Pumps

4.1 General and Sepecific Applications:

1-Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of kinetic pump, and are used most often

in applications with moderate-to-high flow and low head. As the workhorse of the

chemical process industries (CPI), centrifugals are almost always more economical to

own, operate and maintain than other types of pumps.[11]

2-The Centrifugal Pump is one of the most widely used pumps in the wastewater treatment

industry. This type of pump can move high volumes of liquid in a relatively efficient

manner. This pump is very dependable, has relatively low maintenance requirements, and

can be constructed out of a wide variety of materials. It is considered to be one of the most

dependable pumps available for wastewater liquid transfer.

3-Within the petroleum industry pumps are necessary to process fluids especially

hydrocarbons. Another important application within the petroleum industry is in the mud

circuit on a drilling rig. On drilling rigs, mud which consists mainly of water and bentonite

as well as of several different additives depending on many different factors is used. The

heart of the mud circuit is the mud pump which is in general a high pressure piston pump.

It provides the major part of head to overcome the systems resistance. The mud is pumped

through a piping system to the derrick and through the standpipe to a certain high. Now

through the Kelly hose via the gooseneck into the upper Kelly cock. It flows through the

Kelly and the lower Kelly cock into the drill string down the borehole. At its end, the mud

leaves the drilling collars through the drilling bit. The mud pressure is increased by its

nozzles and released into the borehole (fig1). The mud cools the bit and collects the

cuttings to transport them up to the surface where the mud is cleaned. It leaves the

borehole and is forced through the BOP Stack and the chock manifold system. Now bigger

cuttings are removed in the shall shaker and the mud is collected in the settling pit. It is

now pumped though a degasser to remove any gasses collected from the borehole to avoid

explosions. After degassing, the sand is removed in a desander and the mud is processed to

the mud cleaner. It consists of several desilters. Here small cuttings even smaller than

74μm, are removed. Desander and desilter are so called hydro cyclones of different sizes,

commonly charged by centrifugal pumps. At the end of the mud conditioning circuit, a

centrifuge is located to remove anything left. The mud is now stored in tanks and kept in

motion by nozzles or agitators. Finally the mud is sucked through the hopper to the mud

pump by another centrifugal pump. To sum up, centrifugal pumps can be found on several

locations within the mud circuit of a drilling rig like to charging degasser, desander, mud

cleaner as well as the mud pump. On rigs centrifugal pumps can also be found as fuel or

cooling water pumps for e.g. diesel engines.[11]

11

Fig. (4-1): Pumps used in Petroleum Industry

12

4-Other typical applications for centrifugal pumps are pipeline applications. Pipelines are

used for economical transport of hydrocarbons like oil and gas over long distances. At the

beginning of a pipeline system, in most cases huge storage tanks can be found to ensure a

continuous flow through the pipeline. The oil is forced through the pipe by a few powerful

centrifugal pumps in serial. On its long way, pumping stations are required to overcome

the resistance and heights. These pumping stations are distributed over the whole length of

the pipeline, but can be found especially before mountains. As an example, the 1280km

long Trans‐Alaska pipeline has 11 pumping stations with 4 pumps each. Usually only 7

stations are in operation and provide the head to overcome height differences and the fluid

– pipe friction. The other 4 pump stations are on standby and are activated if necessary to

ensure sufficient head at peak loads. The pipeline has a maximum capacity of around

330.000m³ per day. So it is obviously that pipelines are a perfect application of high

capacity pumps like centrifugal pumps. There are also several valves to control the flow or

to shut in the pipeline in case of an accident along it. On the map fig (4-2). It can be easily

seen that the pump stations are not distributed regularly over the pipeline‟s length. At the

end of a pipeline, usually a distributing station like a major harbor or refineries can be

found. In case of the Trans‐Alaska Pipeline, it is the harbor in Valdez to distribute the oil

from the Prudhoe Bay Oil Field to up to four tankers simultaneously.

Fig. (4-2): Pumps used in Pipe line

13

4.1.1Other Applications[11]

: 1-Energy and Oil - refineries, power plants

2-Building Services - pressure boosting, heating installations, fire protection sprinkler

systems, drainage, air conditioning

3-Industry and Water engineering - boiler feed applications, water supply (municipal,

industrial), wastewater management, and irrigation, sprinkling, drainage and flood

protection

4-The Chemical and Process Industries - paints, chemicals, hydrocarbons,

pharmaceuticals, cellulose, petro-chemicals, sugar refining, food and beverage production

4.2 Different Types of centrifugal Pumps:

4.2.1 Standard end suction compact centrifugal pump 2 Pole [8]

:

4.2.1.1 Applications:

1. Agriculture 2. Industry

3. Cooling water supply 4. Other general water supply

4.2.1.2 Features:

1. Compact and light weight

2. Easy maintenance and inspection due to back pull out construction

3. Long life mechanical seal is adopted for shaft sealing

Fig. (4-3): End suction compact Centrifugal pump

4.2.2 End Suction Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole [8]

:

4.2.2.1 Applications:

1. Cold and hot water circulation

2. Cooling water for building and factory equipment's

14

3. Industry

4. Other general water supply

4.2.2.2 Features:

1. Compact and light weight

2. Easy maintenance and inspection due to back pull out construction

3. Long life mechanical seal is adopted for shaft sealing

Fig. (4-4): End suction Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole

4.2.3 In line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole:

4.2.3.1 Applications:

1. Cold and hot water circulation 2. Industry

3. Setting for machinery equipment

4.2.3.2 Features:

1. Strong against deterioration of bearing and insulation due to TEFC motor

2. Long life and strong against leakage due to adoption of high quality mechanical seal

which can stand antifreeze

3. No rusting and easy maintenance because of rust proof materials (such as stainless steel)

for impeller, bolts and nuts are used

Fig (4-5): In Line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole

15

4.2.4 Stainless steel In line Centrifugal Pump 2 Pole [9]

:

4.2.4.1 Applications:

1. Cold and hot water circulation 2. Water supply to buildings

3. Industry 4. Hot water supply

5. Setting for machinery equipment 6. Other general water supply

4.2.4.2 Features:

1. Precision cast stainless materials protect the pump from rust and thus maintenance is

easy.

2. Long life and strong against leakage due to adoption of high quality mechanical seal

which can stand antifreeze.

Fig. (4-6): Stainless Steel in Line Centrifugal Pump

4.2.5 Magnetic Coupling Pump 2 Pole[9]

:

4.2.5.1 Applications:

1. Chemical industry 2. Pharmaceutical industry

3. Medicine Industry 4. Water treatment

5. Electronics industry 6. Research and development

7. Other various industry and plant

4.2.5.2 Features:

1. Seal less construction of magnet coupling

2. Excellent corrosion resistance and long life

3. Easy maintenance and inspection because of back pull out construction

16

Fig.(4-7): Magnetic Coupling Pump 2 Pole

4.2.6 Self-priming centrifugal pump4 pole:

4.2.6.1 Applications:

1- Self priming water supply 2- Agricultuer and irrigation

3-Drainge 4- Industry

4.2.6.2 Features:

1- Self priming construction does not required foot valve and makes priminf works easier

2-High efficiency and high suction performance

3- Easy maintenance and inspection because of back pull out construction

4- Sealed ball bearings required no oiling.

4.2.7Self-priming centrifugal pump 2 pole:

4.2.7.1 Applications:

1-Snow melting 2-Agriculture

3-Industry 4- Cooling water

4.2.7.2 Features:

1- Compact and light weight

2- Easy maintenance and inspection due to Back pull out construction

3- Long life mechanical seal is adopted for Shaft sealing

4- Simple end suction top centerline Discharge position enable steady Installation with

high discharge pipe loading

5- Wide applications for various usages.

17

Chapter 5: Conclusions

The report can be summarized in these following paragraphs:

In earlier ages water wheels were used to raise water into higher levels but with mowing in

time these water wheels were developed to be pumps then these pumps development more

into a lot different pumps which differ into shapes, structure and applications.

The centrifugal pumps are considered the most important types of pumps as they are used

in most modern industries and other life applications. So the study of the design of the

centrifugal pump was very important because the application depends on the design and

the structure of the pump. In this report the major components were carefully studied to

get the parameters that increase the performance of the pump and how to long the age of

the major component, how to select the specific materials to protect the pump body from

corrosion

The advantages, disadvantages of the centrifugal pump were discussed in a brief way and

also general problems of the pump were discussed then the problems were classified into

hydraulic problems, mechanical problems and possible causes of these problems.

Due to the wide range of applications and millions of sold pumps, nowadays centrifugal

pumps are technically mature machines. Reasons for high efficiencies are a lot of

experience as well as modern finite element optimization. These flow optimization

procedures are standard engineering methods and lead to well constructed casings and

impellers. This leads to many different special designs, constructed for a specific range of

applications. Equipped with well selected anti wear systems and materials in combination

with reasonable maintenance, a long lifespan can be met.

At the end of the report there was a last chapter that discusses the different types of

centrifugal pumps and their applications and features and how to choose the convenient

pump for the convenient application.

18

References

1- Igor J. Karassik, Joseph P. Messina, etc ,”Pump Handbook‟‟, McGraw-HILL, New

York, Volume 3, P.P (1-20), 2001.

2- Johann Friedrich Gülich ,‟‟Centrifugal pumps „‟, Springer, London, Volume 2, P.P

(338- 350), 2010

3- WWW.Grundfos.com

4-WWW.Pumpplus.com

5-WWW.aaaco.com

6-Paresh Girdhar, Octo Moniz,” Particular Centrifugal Pumps”, Newnes, London, Vol.1

P.P (10-43), 2004

7- Larry Bachus, Angel Custodio, “Know and Understand Centrifugal Pumps”, Elsevier,

Amsterdam, Vol.2, P.P (57-73), 2006

8- WWW.Kawamoto.com

9- Val S.Lobanoff, Robert R.Ross, “Centrifugal Pumps Design & Applications”, Gulf,

USA, Vol.2, P.P (113-139)

10-Stepanoff A. J.“ ,Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pumps”, Krieger, USA, Vol.1, P.P (50-

80)

11-WWW.Worldpumps.com