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Transcript of Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration Hazards of Space Exploration Prepared by: Raymond...
![Page 1: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration Hazards of Space Exploration Prepared by: Raymond Francis.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062804/56649f055503460f94c1a268/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Centre for Planetary Science Centre for Planetary Science and Explorationand Exploration
Hazards of Space ExplorationHazards of Space Exploration
Prepared by: Raymond Francis
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Outline
Hazards of Space Exploration 2
Space exploration is a hazardous prospect!
We'll look at each stage of a space mission:
1 - Going to space2 - Surviving in space3 - Working in space4 - Visiting the planets5 - Returning to Earth
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Going to space
Hazards of Space Exploration 4
To get into orbit, we need velocity, altitude, and energy.
Rocket science is simple…Aerospace engineering is hard.
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Launch Vehicles
Hazards of Space Exploration 5
• Complex, powerful machines
• A challenge to build... sometimes they fail
• Space Shuttle Challenger (1986)
• Failure of O-ring on solid-fuel rocket booster
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Launch Vehicles - Video: Ariane 501
Hazards of Space Exploration 6
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Surviving in space
Hazards of Space Exploration 7
• Humans evolved on Earth's surface• Space is a very different environment
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Surviving in space
Hazards of Space Exploration 8
• Vacuum of space• Motion sickness• Radiation• Micrometeorites
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Surviving in space
Hazards of Space Exploration 9
• Effects on cardiovascular system• “Fluid shift” causes stuffy
noses, headaches, puffy faces, and causes blindness
• Effects on bone• Bone loss due to lack of gravity
(3.2% over 10 days) • Effects on muscle
• Muscles quickly deteriorate
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Working in space
Hazards of Space Exploration 10
• Small failures lead to big problems
• People make mistakes
• Equipment can't be perfectly reliable
• Lack of resources (can only use what you have with you)
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Operations - Apollo XIII
11
• Oxygen tank exploded• Limited power, loss of heat, shortage of water
• Crew had to jury-rig CO2 removal system
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Visiting the planets
Hazards of Space Exploration
• Lots of things to consider!
13
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Surface environments
Hazards of Space Exploration 14
Earth’s MoonLike space, with a little gravity
• Temperature -200 to +120 °C• Electrostatic, abrasive dust
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Surface environments
Hazards of Space Exploration 15
MercuryLike the moon, but hotter
• Temperature -190 to 430 °C• Sunlight 10x as strong as at Earth
460 °C
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Surface environments
Hazards of Space Exploration 16
VenusAn atmosphere, but not a nice one
• Temperature ~460 °C• Atmospheric pressure 9,300 kPa• Sulphuric acid clouds and rain
460 °C
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Surface environments
Hazards of Space Exploration 17
MarsAn atmosphere, but no magnetic field
• Temperature -87 to 20 °C• Atmospheric pressure 0.4 – 0.87 kPa• Global dust storms
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Surface environments
Hazards of Space Exploration 18
Jupiter (and the other gas giants)All atmosphere
• No solid surface• Jupiter's moons bathed in intense radiation
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Returning to Earth
Hazards of Space Exploration 19
To attain orbit, you needed:• Velocity, Altitude, Energy
Now we need to get rid of those• Slow down with:
rockets?atmospheric friction?
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Re-entry
Hazards of Space Exploration 20
• Space shuttle Columbia (2003)• Hole punctured in wing during launch• Heated up during re-entry
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Re-entry - Video: Re-entry of Soyuz-5
Hazards of Space Exploration 21
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Review
Hazards of Space Exploration 22
- Space is an inhospitable environment
- Planetary surfaces aren't always nice, either
- Getting to and from space is a challenge
- Spacecraft operations require care and planning
-Aerospace engineering is hard…
- … but we can do it!
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Space Lander Challenge
Hazards of Space Exploration 23
Your challenge is to design and build a lander that will land upright after a drop of 1.5m.
You can only use the supplies in the bag.
You will have 30 minutes to design and build your lander. You can test it as many times as you want.
Success Levels:
1. Your lander lands upright after a 1.5m drop three times in a row.2. Your lander lands upright after being dropped upside down from 1.5m.3. Your lander lands upright after being thrown in the air.4. Your lander succeeds in 1-3 and uses minimal materials (weigh-in).
Good Luck!!
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QUESTIONS???
Hazards of Space Exploration 24
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THANK YOUhttp://cpsx.uwo.ca
Hazards of Space Exploration 25