Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk, director RIVM national institute for public health and...
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Transcript of Centre for External Safety ir C.M. van Luijk, director RIVM national institute for public health and...
Centre for External Safety
ir C.M. van Luijk, director
RIVMnational institute for public health and the environment
2External Safety | Jos Post
Presentation
• Centre for External Safety• Seveso 2 in the Netherlands• Emergency respons organisation• Safeti/Phast: QRA software• Environmental Accident Squad
3External Safety | Jos Post
Centre for External Safety
External Safety• Safety, accidents, risk for THIRD PARTY • ‘People outside the fence’• Risk due to chemical substances (Chlorine, LPG)• Process, storage, transport
The Centre• Nearly 20 staff members• Most chemists and some physicist
4External Safety | Jos Post
Centre for External Safety
Our jobs
• Supporting the Ministry of Environment– policy making
• Supporting the Environmental Inspectorate and local authorities– assessment of specific risk situations– assesment of safety reports– plant/site visits
5External Safety | Jos Post
Some more accidents
• 1966 Feyzin 18/0
• 1970 Crescent City 0/0
• 1974 Flixborough 28/0*
• 1975 DSM 14/0
• 1976 Seveso 0/0
• 1978 Los Alphaques 1/216
• 1984 Bhopal 0/3000
• 1984 Mexico City 650
* Lethalities, in/outside the fence
6External Safety | Jos Post
Legislation ‘from Europe’
• Seveso directive 82/501 EEC (1982)
7External Safety | Jos Post
1986: Premises for Risk Management
8External Safety | Jos Post
Legislation ‘from Europe’
• Seveso directive (1982) – Besluit Risico’s Zware ongevallen (BRZO, 1988)– The Major Accident Decree (1988)
• Seveso-2 directive (1996) – BRZO-99– The Major Accident Decree 1999
9External Safety | Jos Post
The Major Accident Decree 1999
• Companies have to comply with the Decree when there is a certain amount of chemical substances in process (also intermediates) or storage
• Limits for specific substances
• Limits for classes: – (very) toxics, flammables, explosives
10External Safety | Jos Post
The Major Accident Decree 1999
Companies need to have a
• Safety Report– Accident scenario’s– Individual risk– Societal risk
• Safety management system
• Emergency plan
11External Safety | Jos Post
The Safety Report
Companies have to make a safety report according to the coloured books
• The Yellow Book– Physiscal models
• The Green Book– Damage and vulnerability models
• The Purple Book– Guideline for using the Yellow and Green books, other
information and how to prepare a safety report
12External Safety | Jos Post
Again the QUESTION:
Why are we doing all of this?
13External Safety | Jos Post
Enschede 2000
14External Safety | Jos Post
Centre for External SafetyNational Institute of Public Health and the Environment• 1800 employees• Bilthoven, the Netherlands
Our centre• Since 2002• 18 (scientific) employees
– explosives: 3– dangerous substances in general: 15
• Chemists / chemical engineers & physicists
15External Safety | Jos Post
External Safety
16External Safety | Jos Post
Individual Risk
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
Still some risk at this place
10 -6 no new houses existing houses, offices allowed
10 -5 no houses no vulnarable objects
17External Safety | Jos Post
Potential loss of life (PLL) 1 10 100 1000
10-8
10-7
10-6
10-5
10-4
10-3
Societal Risk
Lethal victims (N)
Fre
quen
cy (
F)
18External Safety | Jos Post
Who are we working for?
• Ministry of Environment– policy making
• Environmental Inspectorate and local authorities– assessment of specific risk situations (spatial planning)– assessment of safety reports– plant/site visits
• other Ministries • regional fire brigades• ….
19External Safety | Jos Post
Responsibilities in the Netherlands
Companies
- request permit
local authoriteis
- give permits
- controling companiesEnvironmental Inspectorate
supervising the
- local authoriteis
- companies
Ministry of Environment
- Policy and legislation
20External Safety | Jos Post
Support of Ministry of Environment
• Guidelines for Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)– method development
• Register for risk situations involving hazardous substances
• KIEV-project– solving the problem of spatial planning and transport of
hazardous substances in several city areas
21External Safety | Jos Post
Quantitative Risk Assesment (QRA)- support of Ministry of Environment
CPR 18E: Dutch QRA guidelinefor establisments and transport
1 selection of risk determining installations
2 general incident scenarios and failure data for vessels, reactors, pipes, warehouses ….
3 outflow and dispersion flammable, toxic and explosive substances
4 Exposure to humans (dosis effect relations)
5 Results: individual and societal risk curves
23External Safety | Jos Post
Risk contour example
24External Safety | Jos Post
Register for risk situations- support of Ministry of Environment
• Establishments– SEVESO II companies, ammonia cooling installations,
storage of chemicals / fireworks, LPG filling stations, shunting yards etc.
• Transport routes– road, rail, water, pipelines
• Substances (toxic, explosive, flammable)• Effect distances, risk contours• Internet (map scale 1 : 10,000)
25External Safety | Jos Post
26External Safety | Jos Post
Support of the environmental inspectorate
• Emergency response organisation for chemical accidents – 24 hours a day, 7 days a week
• Toulouse 2001: Investigation on production plants and storage of ammoniumnitrate in the Netherlands
• Evaluation of the implementation of SEVESO II Directive (of 30 SEVESO companies)– study of safety reports– on-site inspection of safety management system and technical
safety measures to prevent major accidents
27External Safety | Jos Post
Support of local authorities
• Assessment of specific situations (spatial planning): – establishments– transport routes of hazardous substances
• examples:– safety distances, – domino effects– preventive and repressive measures – fire extinguishing systems in warehouses– …...
28External Safety | Jos Post
Efforts in the field of fireworks and explosives
• 2 permanent full time positions:– Soedesh Mahesh– Mirjam van der Plas
• advising and supporting: – national government– regional and local authorities– environmental inspectorates– legal advisors (fire brigade)
• scientific-technical know-how• knowledge on policy (making)• CEV can advise, not ‘must’
29External Safety | Jos Post
calculated individual risc contours
30External Safety | Jos Post
• Consumer fireworks: class 1.4• Professional fireworks: 1.4, 1.3, 1.2, 1.1• Maximum storage quantity for professional
fireworks: 6000 kg• Safety distances professional fireworks storage:
– <750 kg: 400 m– >750 to 6000 kg: 800 m
• Given this requirements: not realised in NL
Fireworks Act
31External Safety | Jos Post
Support in the field of fireworks
• Advice on actual situations concerning storage and sale of consumer fireworks
• Transfer of fireworks containers in Dutch seaports• Safety distances to the public during a fireworks
display• Employee safety during a fireworks display• CEN Technical Committee 212• Contribution to various expert committees, i.e.
CHAF (NL-part and Critical Review Panel)
32External Safety | Jos Post
Storage, transport and transfer of explosives for civil use in NL
• No legislation for storage and transfer• Explosives include also ammunition• Guidance on storage:
– new situations: effect approach– existing situations: effect approach, in case of conflicting
objects: risk approach– method for existing situations deduced from method for
storage for military purposes
• Assessment of transfer as yet equal to that of storage
33External Safety | Jos Post