Central Pollution Control Board
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Transcript of Central Pollution Control Board
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Central Pollution Control Board
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29 cities, 70 towns and many villages:
Sewage disposal-a major cause of fecal coliform
Disposal of 3000 MLD sewage and having 1000
MLD treatment capacity only.
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Exceedance of Fecal coliform in Gaga Fecal coliform the cause of concern. Fecal coliform converts water unfit for Bathing
and for other designated best uses.
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1. Fecal coliform(MPN/100ml)
: 500-Desirable2500-Max Permissible
2. Fecal streptococci(MPN/100ml)
: 100-Desirable500-Max Permissible
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• Physical : Radiation – UV/ Cobalt
• Chemical : Chlorination, Ozonation, H2O2
• Biological : Bacteria in STPs
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Sewage Treatment Plants(STPs) are Primarily designed for removal of BOD and SS but;
Not designed specifically to treat fecal coliform. Bactericidal actions like chlorination, UV radiation,
Ozonation and other oxidants are employed.
[Irradiation generates Mutants of un-known attributes]
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Antagonists Bacteria
Bacteriophage and their synergy Biological Action
• Competitive : Competition for food
• Inhibitive : Lethality of extra-cellular secretions
• Symbiotic : Law of limiting factor
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The consortia acts on three mode;
Competitive: Certain microbes grow and multiply at a faster rate and create competition for food. Dominant forms survive and others become recessive/ dormant.
Inhibitive : Some forms secretes extra-cellular enzyme becoming lethal to other form of bacteria and act as antagonists.
Symbiotic : In a symbiotic actions, Bacterial forms grow together on a common food plank (substrate) helping each other to grow but restrict growth of other forms due to law of limiting factor.
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Lytic cycle:
a) Phage Adsorption on Host Cell.
b) Genetic Material Penetration of Phage.
c) Phage Multiplication.
d) Complete assemblage of Phages.
Life Cycle of Bacteriophage
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Lysogenic cycle:The genetic material of Phage remains within the host cells and reproduce in synchrony with the host for long-period.
Lysogenic and Lytic cycle
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Samples with Enrichment broth
Incubation
Isolation of Bacteriophage
Chloroform Precipitation, Centrifugation and Filtration
Mass Production
Shaking and Centrifugation
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Sewage/ Sludge (Broth Culture)
Incubation
Shaking Incubation
Centrifugation Rinsate Centrifuge
Shaker incubator
Chloroform – Enriched single type of phage
Lyophilised
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The concentration of targeted bacteria Vs the
concentration of phages.
The phages will be introduced into the STP/ drain
either batch wise or in continuous flow and testing to
determine reduction of targeted bacteria.
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Application of Mass culture with pre-determined doses for
removal of E.coli and other fecal coliform;
Sewage Treatment Plants established under GAP
Sewage drains joining river Ganga
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Phage treatment demonstration;Installed STPs and Drains carrying sewage joining river Ganga
in; Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.Duration of Project : 18 months
Mass Culture (BP) and experimentation on :• Central Laboratory : CPCB, Delhi
• Uttarakhand : (SPCB)
• Uttar Pradesh : (Zonal Office of CPCB and SPCB at Lucknow/ Kanpur)
• Bihar : SPCB (Patna)
• West Bengal : Zonal Office of CPCB at Kolkata and SPCB
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1 Infrastructure/ InstrumentsIncubator Shake, High Speed Refrigerated Centrifuge, Filtration Assembly, Fermentors, Autoclaves (5 Sets for 5 Centres)
2 Glassware, Chemicals, Media, at 5 Centres
3 Staffing2 RA, 2 JRF and 2 PA at each Centre (5 Centres)(to be co-ordinated by one Scientist ‘B’/ ‘C’ at each Centre)
4 Experimentation-one drain and one STP in: Delhi, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal (Includes Phage dosing devices, minor Civil works, performance/ testing charges) estimated expenditure at each centre will be ` 1.0 Crore
5 Contingencies, Project expenses TA/DA, Meetings,Awareness
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1 Procurement : 3 months
2 Recruitment of Staff : 3 months
3 Experimentation : 12 months-culturing, Application and Performance monitoring Studies
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I Instruments
(i) High Speed Refrigerated Centrifuge
(ii) Incubator Shaker
(iii) Autoclave
(iv) Filtration Assembly
(v) Fermentors (10 L/20 L)
(vi) Laminar flow
II Glass Wares, Chemical, Media and Lyophilisation Cost (per Centre)
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III Staffing (per Centre)
(i) Field Labour Hiring
IV Experimentation Dozing and mixing devices (Filters, Blocks, Arms) for BP on Sewage in STP and Drain (5 Centres)
V Contingencies (institutional Charges, Awareness, Travel and others)
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Phage-therapy will be promising for us
THANKSTHANKS