Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The...
Transcript of Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The...
![Page 1: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Central Nervous System (CNS)Depressants
![Page 2: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Alcohol - The Most Familiar CNS Depressant
![Page 3: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Chloral Hydrate“Mickey Finn”
The first non-alcohol CNS depressant
Derived from alcohol (1832)
![Page 4: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Major Types of Non-alcohol CNS Depressants
Barbiturates
Non-Barbiturates
Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
Anti-Depressants
Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
Combinations
![Page 5: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Barbiturates More than 250 different types 50 accepted for medical use
Derivatives of Barbituric Acid
First produced in 1864
Typically end in “al”
![Page 6: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Types of Barbiturates
![Page 7: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Non-Barbiturates Synthetic compounds
Avoids some of undesirable side effects Sleepiness & Drowsiness
Primary medical use for insomnia
Still produce physical and psychological dependence
![Page 8: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Types of Non-BarbituratesDRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES
Carisoprodol SomaChloral hydrate Felsule, Noctec Knock Out Drops,
Mickey FinnDiphenhydramine Hydrochloride
Benadryl, Sominex
Diphenhylhydantoin Sodium
Dilantin
Eszopiclone LunestaGamma Hydroxybutyrate GHB, Liquid XMethyprylon Noludar
Methaqualone Parest, Quaalude, Sopor, Optimil, Mandrax
Ludes
Paraldehyde ParalZolpidem Ambien
![Page 9: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
First produced in 1950
Known as “Minor” tranquilizers
Benzodiazepines
Typically end in “am”
![Page 10: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Types of Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMESAlprazolam Xanax Bars, Zanny Bars
Chlordiazepoxide Librium
Clonazepam Klonopin
Diazepam Valium
Estazolam Prosom
Flunitrazepam Rohypnol Roofies, Roches
Flurazepam Dalmane
Lorazepam Ativan
Meprobomate Miltown
Oxazepam Serax
Temazepam Restoril
Triazolam Halcion
![Page 11: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Anti-Anxiety Depressants
Psychological depression is “anti”
“Mood elevators”
May cause CNS Stimulant effects
![Page 12: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Types of Anti-DepressantsDRUG BRAND NAMESAmitriptyline Hydrochloride Elavil, Endep
Bupropion Wellbutrin
Citalopram Celexa
Desipramine Hydrochloride Norpramin, Pertofrane
Doxepin Hydrochloride Adapin, Sinequan
Duloxetine Cymbalta
Escitalopram Lexapro
Fluoxetine Prozac, Sarafem
Fluvoxamine Luvox
Imipramine Tofranil
Paroxetine Paxil
Phenelzine Sulfate Nardil
Sertraline Zoloft
Venlafaxine Effexor
![Page 13: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
Produced in early 1950s
Known as “Major” tranquilizers
Manage schizophrenia and other mental disorders
![Page 14: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types of Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMESChlorpromazine ThorazineDroperidol Inapsine, InnovarHaloperidol HaldolLithium Carbonate LithaneLithium Citrate
![Page 15: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Combinations Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline (Elavil) Trade name: “Limbitrol”
Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride and Anti-Spasmodic Clidinium Bromide Trade name: “Librax”
Anti-Psychotic Perphenazine and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Trade name: “Triavil” & “Etrafon”
![Page 16: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Methods of Ingestion
Orally InjectionInsufflation
![Page 17: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Injection
Paraphernalia similar to Heroin users Larger “gauge” needle used due to Barbiturate
solution being thicker than Heroin Smaller the number, the larger the needle
Injection sites different from Heroin users Large swelling (quarter or fifty cent piece) Lack of track marks Will inject in other parts other than forearms
![Page 18: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Necrosis
Arm
![Page 19: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Necrosis
Legs
![Page 20: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Necrosis
Hands
![Page 21: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
General Indicators
Reduced inhibitions
Divided attention impairment
Slowed reflexes
Impaired judgment and concentration
Impaired vision
Lack of coordination
Slurred, mumbled or incoherent speech
Emotional instability
Drowsiness
Drunk-like behavior
Droopy eyes
![Page 22: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Onset and DurationType Onset Duration
Ultra Short Seconds Very Rapid
Short 10 to 15 min 4 Hours
Intermediate 30 Minutes 6 to 8 Hours
Long One Hour 8 to 14 Hours
![Page 23: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Duration of Effects Dosage
Age
Weight
Tolerance Level
![Page 24: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Overdose Signs Extremely drowsy (may pass out)
Pulse rapid and weak
Respiration will become shallow
Skin cold and clammy
![Page 25: Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants · Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants. Alcohol -The Most Familiar CNS Depressant. Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn” The first non-alcohol](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043013/5fad932548bbc047cb107263/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Drug Matrix Chart
* Soma, Quaaludes and possibly some anti-depressants usually dilate pupils
** Quaaludes, ETOH and possibly some anti-depressants may elevate
HGN PresentVGN Present (High Dose)LACK OF CONVERGENCE PresentPUPIL SIZE Normal *REACTION TO LIGHT SlowPULSE RATE Down **BLOOD PRESSURE DownBODY TEMPERATURE NormalMUSCLE TONE Flaccid