Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)...
-
Upload
abel-hodges -
Category
Documents
-
view
229 -
download
4
Transcript of Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)...
![Page 1: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• brainbrain
• spinal cordspinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• cranial nervescranial nerves
• spinal nervesspinal nerves
![Page 4: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CNS PNS
![Page 5: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
sensory receptor
sensory input
integration
motor input
effector
![Page 6: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
cell body
dendrite
SynapseaxonMyelin sheath
![Page 8: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
bipolareye, ear, & olfactory Unipolar
Dorsal root ganglion cells
multipolarmost abundant type in CNS
Dendrite
![Page 9: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Na+
K+
Outside cell
-70mV
Inside cell
![Page 10: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Presynaptic neuron
Postsynaptic membrane
Ca2+
Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters
![Page 18: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Acetylcholine- slows heart rate; PNS • Glutamate- most prevalent neurotransmitter in the brain• Aspartate- in CNS• GABA- inhibitory neurotransmitter• Glycine- inhibitory neurotransmitter• Norepinephrine- awakening from deep sleep• Epinephrine- increase heart rate• Dopamine- movement of skeletal muscles• Seratonin- sensory perception, temp regulation, mood,
sleep• Nitric oxide- may play a role in memory and learning• Enkephalin- inhibit pain impulses by suppressing release
of substance P• Substance P- enhances perception of pain
tyrosine
![Page 20: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Coverings of the Brain-Coverings of the Brain- MeningesMeninges
skin
skull
dura mater
arachnoid layer
pia mater
cerebral cortex
![Page 21: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Menenges:
1.Covers and protects CNS
2.Protects blood vessels and
encloses venus sinuses
3.Contains CSF
4.Forms partition within the skull
![Page 22: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cerebruspinal Fluid
Brain
Ventricles
CSF
Spinal Cord
Anterior View Saggital View
Rt. Ventricle Lf. Ventricle
![Page 23: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
CSF • 150 ml in adult• contains: glucose, proteins,lactic acid,
urea, cations, anions, WBC Functions:
1.Reduces wt. of brain by 97%2.Prevents head injury3.Supplies brain with nutrition4.Transports hormones along
ventricular channels
![Page 24: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CerebrumCerebrumParietal Lobe
Frontal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
![Page 25: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
cerebrumcorpus callosum
thalamus
cerebellum
medulla
oblongata
hypothalamus
pituitary
pons
spinal cord
Pineal gland
mid brain
![Page 26: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
CerebrumCerebrum
Involved with higher brain functions.Involved with higher brain functions. Processes sensory information.Processes sensory information. Initiates motor functions.Initiates motor functions. Integrates information.Integrates information.
![Page 27: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Motor, Sensory & Association CortexMotor, Sensory & Association Cortex
Primary motor cortex Primary somatosensory cortex
smellhearing
vision
speech taste
reading
speech
Premotor cortex
Broca’s Area
Primary Auditory cortex
Primary visual cortex
Wernicke’s Area
Frontal association area
![Page 28: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fig. 49-17Fig. 49-17
Generating words
Max
Speaking words
Hearing words
Seeing words
Min
![Page 29: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Primary Sensory Cortex
Primary Sensory Cortex
![Page 30: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Primary Motor CortexPrimary Motor Cortex
![Page 31: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Right-Left Specialization of Right-Left Specialization of the Cerebrumthe Cerebrum
left sideleft side• language developmentlanguage development• mathematical & learning capabilitiesmathematical & learning capabilities• sequential thought processessequential thought processes
right sideright side• visual spatial skillsvisual spatial skills• musical and artistic activitiesmusical and artistic activities• intuitive abilitiesintuitive abilities
![Page 32: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Limbic SystemThe Limbic SystemThe Limbic SystemThe Limbic System
![Page 33: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ThalamusThalamus
Relay center for sensory tracts Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the from the spinal cord to the cerebrum.cerebrum.
Contains centers for sensation Contains centers for sensation of pain, temperature, and touch.of pain, temperature, and touch.
Involved with emotions and Involved with emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms.alerting or arousal mechanisms.
![Page 34: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
HypothalamusHypothalamus
• autonomic control center- blood pressure, autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, center rate and force of heart contraction, center for emotional response and behaviorfor emotional response and behavior
• body temperaturebody temperature• water balance and thirstwater balance and thirst• sleep/wake cyclessleep/wake cycles• appetiteappetite• sexual arousalsexual arousal• control of endocrine functioning:control of endocrine functioning:Acts on the pituitary gland through the Acts on the pituitary gland through the
release of neurosecretions.release of neurosecretions.
Regulates:Regulates:
![Page 35: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
MidbrainMidbrain
Contains ascending and descending Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus.tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus.
Reflex center for eye muscles.Reflex center for eye muscles. Also involved with processing visual Also involved with processing visual
and auditory information (connects and auditory information (connects head movements with visual and head movements with visual and auditory stimuli).auditory stimuli).
![Page 36: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PonsPons
Connects the two halves of the Connects the two halves of the cerebellum.cerebellum.
Regulates breathing.Regulates breathing.
![Page 37: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Medulla Medulla OblongataOblongata
• Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts cross over left to right and right to left)
• May be regarded as an extension of the spinal cord
• Almost all of the cranial nerves arise from this region
![Page 38: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Medulla OblongataMedulla Oblongata
Contains control centers for Contains control centers for many subconscious activitiesmany subconscious activities• Respiratory rateRespiratory rate• Heart rateHeart rate• Arteriole constrictionArteriole constriction• SwallowingSwallowing• HiccuppingHiccupping• CoughingCoughing• SneezingSneezing
![Page 39: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
CerebelluCerebellumm
Controls and coordinates muscular activity.
Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.
![Page 40: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Traumatic Brain Injuries
• Concussion• Contusion• Subdural or subarachnoid
hemorrhage• Contrecoup injury• Punch Drunk Syndrome
![Page 41: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVAs)
• Ischemia• Thrombus• Embolism• Arteriosclerosis• Stroke
![Page 42: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Stroke
![Page 43: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Degenerative brain diseases
• Alzheimer’s• Down’s • Parkinson’s• Huntington’s Chorea• MS• Epilepsy• Schizophrenia
![Page 44: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Normal Alzheimer’s
![Page 45: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Severely enlarged ventricles
Hippocampus Entorhinal cortex
Extreme shrinkage of cortexCerebral
cortex
Normal Alzheimer’s
Extreme shrinkage of hippocampus
![Page 46: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Alzheimer’sNormal
![Page 49: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Down’s syndromeEffects transmission of neurons between the locus coeruleus and hippocampus
Problems in using spatial and contextual to form new memories: a function of the hippocampus
Scientists may have cure for Down’shttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/07/130717132330.htm
![Page 51: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
PET ScansF-Dopa deficiency
Parkinson’s Disease
![Page 52: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Parkinson’s Disease
Substantia nigra
![Page 53: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Huntington’s Disease
Mutated Huntingtin protein toxicity
![Page 54: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
MS
![Page 55: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Epilepsy
![Page 56: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Schizophrenia
Too much dopamine and glutamate
![Page 57: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Spinal Cord
![Page 58: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The Spinal CordThe Spinal Cord
ventral root
pia mater
dura mater
arachnoid
grey matter
dorsal root
white matter
spinal nerves
![Page 59: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Nerve Pathways into the Spinal Cord
Nerve Pathways into the Spinal Cord sensory
pathway
motor pathway
![Page 60: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Functional Divisions of the Functional Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous SystemPeripheral Nervous System
Afferent DivisionAfferent Division• Sensory (advances) neuron – Sensory (advances) neuron –
goes toward CNSgoes toward CNSEfferent DivisionEfferent Division
• Motor (exits) neuron- leaves CNSMotor (exits) neuron- leaves CNS• Somatic Nervous SystemSomatic Nervous System• Autonomic Nervous SystemAutonomic Nervous System
![Page 61: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Peripheral Nervous System
cranial nerves- 12 pr
spinal nerves- 31 pr
![Page 62: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Cranial NervesCranial Nerves
![Page 63: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Spinal Reflex Arc
Spinal Reflex Arc
patellar ligament
stretch receptor
motor neuron
sensory neuron
motor neuron
interneuron
![Page 64: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
The Autonomic Nervous The Autonomic Nervous SystemSystem
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System:
• A subdivision of the PNS• Not under conscious control• Work antagonistically• Controlled by medulla oblongata and
hypothalamus• Peripheral nervous system that
supplies stimulation via motor nerves to smooth and cardiac muscle and to glands
![Page 65: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Sympathetic DivisionSympathetic Division neurotransmitter is norepinephrine, fight or flight
E = exercise, excitement, emergency, and embarrassment
Parasympathetic DivisionParasympathetic Division neurotransmitter is acetylcholine
D = digestion, deification, diuresis (urinating)
![Page 66: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Central Nervous System (CNS) brainbrain spinal cordspinal cord Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) cranial nervescranial nerves spinal nervesspinal nerves.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649eb75503460f94bc1155/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
INQUIRY
1. What voltage is the threshold potential?
2. Describe depolarization, repolarization and hyperpolarization.
3. What layer of tissue adheres most tightly to the brain?
4. CFS stands for-------.5. What does it do?6. What does the thalamus do?7. Where is dark matter located in the
spinal cord?8. What disease is characterized by
myelin sheath degeneration?9. A thrombus that moves to a new site is
called ----.