CENTRAL AFRICA REPUBLIC

MONITORINGOF THE MILLENIUM

DEVELOPMENT GOALSREPORT

UNITED NATIONS

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NATIONAL MDG REPORT

GENERAL SUPERVISION

GENERAL COORDINATION

REPORT PREPARATION TECHNICAL TEAM

TECHNICAL SUPERVISION

ELABORATION/GRAPHISM TECHNICAL TEAM

SEM Sylvain MALIKO

Bo SCHACK

Minister of state in charge of the Plan, the economy and theInternational Cooperation Resident Coordinator of the United Nations Country TeamResident Representative of the UNDP

Benoit SOSSOUGaspard NYILINKINDIAminata GUEYEThérèse ZEBASitta KAI-KAIDr Zakaria MAIGATanya CHAPUISATAnne-Marie CLUCKERSJelena PANTELICJoseph NTAMATUNGIRORokhaya Daba FALL

Regional Office UNESCO Representative UNAIDS Representative UNHCR Representative UNFPARepresentative WFPRepresentative WHO Representative UNICEF Country Director UNDPRepresentative World Bank Representative IMF Representative FAO

Michel BINDOAndré SERBOUABecaye DIARRAYoussoufa SILLA

Coordinator PRSP/ARCADOfficialEconomics AdvisorNational Economist

STN/PRSP/Planning Ministry of the Plan UNDPUNDP

Eric VICKOSInouss BOUBAEliane-B. MOKODOPOPr. Alfred GAUDEUILLEEdwige NGUELEBEGustave DOUNGOUBESylvain GUEBANDAPerkyss MBAINODJIMAlfred SABENDORomuald MAVOUNGOUMUZAMUZI BAVUGAMENSHIAbdoulaye Alexis BANCE Lucien BABATOUNDEOusmane AbakarRokhaya PAQUITA

Director of the Regional StatisticsOfficialResource PersonResource PersonNational ExpertOfficialGeneral Manager HydrauliqueNational Expert DevInfoNational Expert Monitoring and EvalNational Expert Decentralization UNV InvolvementUNV MacroeconomicsUNV Monitoring and EvaluationICT Project UNDPProgram Associate Gender

ICASEES/Planning Ministry of Education ACABEFMinistry of Health CNLSMinistry of EnvironmentMinistry of Mines STN/PRSP/Planning STN/PRSP/PlanningSTN/PRSP/PlanningSTN/PRSP/PlanningSTN/PRSP/PlanningSTN/PRSP/PlanningUNDPUNDP

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PARTICIPANTS TO THE WORKSHOPS FOR THE VALIDATION OF THE REPORT

1. PrimatureCNLSEdwige NGUELEBE2. Ministry of the Planning Marie Laure DENGOUBendert BOKIAAndré SERBOUAKevin AMOLOMASSATIENJean-Yves LAPLANCHEThierry KANDAGatien GOUNEBANABrice NINETJean-Louis POUNINGUINZAAlexis TCHEMANDAGOChristian LIBANGUE-BORAICASEESEric VICKOSSTN/DSRP/ARCADDésiré YASSIGAOMoïse ZAMIGatien GOUNEBANABrice NINETChristian LIBANGUE-BORAThierry POULIZOUHAlfred SABENDOAbel DEHOLOLucien BABATOUNDERomuald MAVOUNGOUPerkyss MBAINODJIMThierry LOBAKABrice DAMASBrice-Junior KONGA-SIRE3. Ministry of Energy/Hydraulique Sylvain GUEBANDAMichel-Ange LEBARAMO4. Ministry of Health Pr Alfred GAUDEUILLEDr M. Madeleine HOORNAERT N’KOUETDr Eugene SEREDOUMAJulien Basile GOUNOUMAN5. Ministry of Education Inouss BOUBAGilbert SATE6. Ministry of Environment Gustave DOUNGOUBE7. Ministry Rural Development Isaac Blaise DONGAÏM. Angèle LOBAKA8. Ministry of Waters and Forests Régis A. NGUEREGAYE 9. Ministry of Finances Sylvain KOUNDJIAGeorges BOZANGA10. Ministry Environment

Michel MANZANGUE11. Ministry of the Transportation Silvère Théophile WALLOT12. Civil society ACABEFValentin GOSSALAEliane-Berthe MOKODOPOCEDIFODPrestige Vivien POUNGOULAAFJCLydie Fernande WIWELICIONGCAAmbroise MACKAAssociation Parents of pupils Sébastien BALEKECCIMAWilfrid GONGA13. Partners and Donors World Bank Haoussia TCHAOUSSALAUnion European Lucile BRETHESUNICEFTanya CHAPUISATAboubakar SOULEYMANEJeremy HOPKINSCasimir MAGALAMONPAMMoïse BALLOUNESCOAbdon NINGHAUNFPAPhilippe ZEMINGUIAlain BADJECKMichael AYAYEWHODr Philémon NAMKONAONUSIDAAzara BAMBAHCRMaxime BIAMPOYEOCHAGisèle WILLYBIRO-MAÏDOUFAOEtienne NGOUNIOUNDPBecaye DIARRAMaxime MBRINGA-TAKAMAYoussoufa SILLAVermond KAÏNEChristian Aimé NDOTAHUnit of UNCT CoordinationJulie SENGHOR-KAZAGUI

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LIST OF THE ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ARV Anti retroviral CDMT Medium Term Spending FrameworkCEDEF Convention for the elimination of all shapes of Discrimination with regard to the Women CEMAC Economic and Monetary Community in Central AfricaCNLS National committee of Struggle against the AIDS CSN National Strategic Framework DOT Treatment Directly Observed DPO Development Policy Operation PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ECVR Survey on the Conditions of life in Farming environment ECVU Survey on the Conditions of life in Urban environment FAO United Nations Organization for the food and agriculture F1 Fundamental 1 FEM World fund for the environment IMF International Monetary Fund FRPC Facilitated for the Reduction of Poverty and the Growth HCR High Police of the United Nations for the Refugees ICASEES Central African institute of Statistics and Economic and Social studiesIDH Human Development index IRA Sharp Respiratory infection MICS Multiple Indicators SurveyOEV Orphans and vulnerable children to the infection to the HIVAIDS Acquired Immuno-deficiency syndromeOMD Millennium Development Goals WHO World Health Organization WFP World Food program PCIME Integrated handling of the child's Illnesses PEV Widened program of Vaccination GDP Gross domestic product PNDE National Policy of the Development of education UNDP United Nations Development Program HIPC Highly Indebted Poor Countries PSSA Special program of Food Security PTPE Prevention of the Parents-Children Transmission of the VIH/SIDACAR Central Africa Republic RESEN National Report of the National Education System RGPH General Survey of the Population and the Dwelling AIDS Syndrome of the immunodeficiency Acquired SNU United Nations Country Team UE European UnionUNFPA United Nations Fund the Population UNICEF United Nations Fund for the childhood HIV Virus of Human immunodeficiencyZCV Zones Cynegetic Villages Zones IHIPC Initiative for the Highly Indebted Poor Countries PMA Least Advanced countries

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DPI Inclusive Political dialogue LRA Lord Resistance ArmyIADM Initiative the Multilateral Debt Relief ECASEB Central African Survey for the Monitoring and Evaluation of the livelihoodDAD Development Assistance Database CFA African Financial Community DDR Disarmament, Demobilization and Reinstatement AGVSA Global analysis of the Vulnerability and the Food security EDS Demographic Survey of Health THIMO High Intensity of Labor Jobs JPN National Pioneer Youth HIMO High Intensity of LaborTNS Net Rate of ScholarshipSNSE National strategy of the Sector of the education IMOA-EPT Initiative for the accelerated implementation of the Education For AllPSES Project of emergency of the Sector of the education and Health PAPSE Project of support to the Sectorial Program of the education APC Approach By Expertise RUECA Survey on the CAR’s Economic UnitsCDE Convention on the child's Rights GAVI Global Alliance vaccines and Immunization NGO Non Governmental Organization FOSA Sanitary training RGP General survey of the Population NV Living births CPN Prenatal consultation IEC Information Education Communication SONU Obstetric cares and Native emergencies GATPA Active management of the Third Phase of the childbirth CPoN Post Native ConsultationCDV Voluntary Tracking center UNGASS United Nation General Assembly Special Session CCC Communication for a Change of Behavior OAC Organization Comminatory Foundation BK Bacillus of Koch PEA Authorization of exploitation and planning EMA Potential Multilateral agreements for the environment COATS onal plan of adaptation

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BIBLIOGRAPHIC INDEX

1. Final report of MICS 2000, UNICEF, April 2001, BBA, Bangui, 2. Report of follow-up of the situation of the children and women, MICS-3, MACRO Internationale, November 2007, Bangui, 3. Impact of the VIH/SIDA on the development in Republic Centrafricaine, IDEA International, 4. National Strategic plan to "Make move back the malaria, 2007-2011, August 2007, 5. Global Tuberculosis Control 2009: epidemiology, strategy, financing: WHO plotting 2009 6. Consistent of the Objectives of the Millennium for the Development, Republic Centrafricaine, June 2007,; 7. Objectives of the millennium for the development, Republic Centrafricaine, September 2004, 8. Report of the handling Program under ARV, MSPPS, December 2009, Bangui. 9. News-bulletin of the COMIFAC N° 007 of the month of April 2010 on" the Climatic Changes in Africa Centrale after

Copenhagen" 10. The Forests of the Basin of Congo - State of the Forests 2008. Editeurs:Was C. seige D. slant of Marcken P. and Mayaux Ph,

2009, 425 pages. (E. Bizot, R.. MBitikon Mr. Tadoum, P.Cuny, P., mayaux & al 11. Reports of activities 2006, 2007, 2008 of the General Direction of the hydraulics,; 12. General census of the Population and the dwelling of 2003, BCR June 2005; 13. Investigation to multiple informers MICS 2000 (final Report), BCR April 2003; 14. Investigation to multiple informers MICS 2006 (final Report), BCR April 2009; 15. Blueprint for water and purification, DGH January 2001; 16. N°06.170 decree of Politics and National Strategies concerning water and purification, MMEH 2006,; 17. Law n° 06.001 structural Code of the water of the Republic Centrafricaine, MMEH 2006,; 18. Action plan Sectorial Water and Purification and plan of financing 2008-2015, DGH 2009,; 19. State report of the places on the AEPHA-EU/COWI, 2007, 20. Thematic survey 3: Resources in water, use and technical manager of management, LEBARAMO Pierre July 2006 21. Document of Strategy of Poverty Reduction (DSRP) 2008 - 2010 22. Notes of Conjuncture 23. General report of the National Consultative Meeting on the Construction of the Peace and the Backing of the state, March

2010, 24. Profile of the poverty of the RCA in 2008, October 2009, 25. The Accounts economic of the Nation, definitive accounts 2005, 2006, 26. Declaration of sectorial Politics of the Telecommunications-Tic in RCA, 2007, 27. Law carrying regulation of the Telecommunications in RCA, 2007, 28. Memorandum of economic and financial Policies (MPEF), FRPC 2006 29. Memorandum Second Magazine of the FRPC, juin 2008, 30. Memorandum Third magazine of the FRPC, December 2008, 31. Memorandum Fourth FRPC magazine, June 2009, 32. RCA/FMI relations and macroeconomic Performance, Mission Resident of the IMF in RCA, September 2009, 33. Perspectives economic regional Africa sub-Saharan April and October 2008; April and October 2009 34. RCA, Reinforced Initiative in favor of the very in debt poor countries, Document for the branch point, September 2007, 35. Document of Partnership strategy Country spouse (DSPPC) 2009-2010 of the Group of the Bank African of

Development and of the group of the World Bank, June 2009, 36. Consistent of the Principles for the international engagement in the fragile States and the precarious situations, Report country

2: Republic Centrafricaine, 2010, 37. Investigation 2008 of follow-up of the setting in work of the Declaration of Paris, 3rd High-level Forum on the efficiency of

help to the Development, September 2-4 2008 Accra Ghana 38. Strategic setting for the funding of the peace in RCA 2009-2011, April 2008, 39. World report on the Human Development 2008, 2009 UNDP, 40. Report on the Prevention of the Crises and the Raising 2008, UNDP, 41. Impact of the world financial and economic crisis on the least advanced countries, 'A-OHRLLS, 2009,42. Exam of the commercial policies - Report of the RCA, May 2007,

NATIONAL MDG REPORT

PREFACE

There are only five years left until 2015 deadline pointedby the international Community in 2010 for theattainment of the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) Ten years during (2000-2010), the Central Africa Republic(CAR), with the support of its development partners, hasdeployed sustained efforts to reach the different stages andrealize the programs necessary to the attain these goals, in adifficult national context subjected to many shocks. Since 2003, the country is in a dynamics of political transitionand of economic recovery that led to the organization ofpresidential and legislative elections, marked by the return toa constitutional legacy in 2005. During this period, some decisions have been taken to widenthe fundamental liberties, and to build the basis of a goodgovernance in the political, economic and social domains.With the installation of democratic institutions in 2005, theevolution of the country, although judged globally positive,was sporadically affected by risks of disruption of the effortsof peace building. The willing of the political authorities tosolve the conflicts in a pacific ways, benefitted from a goodmediation from the international community. Consequently, Peace Agreements have been signed with therebel groups, an Amnesty Law has been debated in theParliament and promulgated; so as the handling of theInclusive Political Dialogue (IPD) had been facilitated. In the economic and financial side, the Government, with thesupport of its partners, undertook numerous reforms that led tothe Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Completion Point.

Consequently, a substantial relief of the external debt hasbeen granted to the CAR in June 2009, helping in a a clearimprovement of the of its indebtedness profile. These reformsand results appear in the PRSP implementation framework,elaborated and adopted in 2007 and presented the same year tothe donors at the Brussels Roundtable. However, the CAR presents the double characteristic of afragile and aid orphan State. Reason why the thematic of the present report is: "Progress towards the achievement of the MDGs in thecontext of a Fragile State."

This thematic had been chosen to show how the fragility of theinstitutions and of the socioeconomic gains after a conflictconstitutes an additional obstacle for the acceleration of theprogress towards the MDGs. The State is thus handicappedand cannot play fully its role of supplying public goods andservices. Besides, the difficult international context notably marked by

the Global economic and financial crisis, the prices increase offood the products as well as of the energy products and theeffects of the climatic changes have narrowed the expectedimpact of the aforesaid reforms making thus hypothetical theachievement of the MDGs. The present report, the third since 2000, analyses the progressand drawbacks on the achievement of the MDGs during theperiod 2007-2009. The analysis of the MDGs indicators showsthat the registered progress these last two years, for all thegoals, remain weak or insufficient in consideration ofchallenges. As at the time of the previous report, only targetscarrying on the primary education, the access to drinkingwater and the schooling of the girls present encouragingtrends. On the other hand, the indicators of poverty follow-up,of hunger, employment, maternal mortality, child mortality,HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, the access to sanity and theprotection of the environment made little progress and someof them even declined. It is in give a response to this situation that the Government,with the support its technical and financial partners, amongwhich the United Nations Agencies, consider to elaborate aPRSP 2nd Generation focused on Pro poor AcceleratedGrowth in order to solve definitely these challenges. In thiscontext, this report constitutes a document of advocacybecause it makes the inventory of of progress concerning theMDGs in Central African Republic and suggests new basis fora constructive dialogue and oriented toward quick actionsduring the five remaining years between the Government andits development partners about the national priorities.

Sylvain MALIKOMinister of State, in charge of the Planning,the Economy and the InternationalCooperation

Bo SCHACKResident CoordinatorUnited Nations Country Team

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INTRODUCTION

In September 2000 in New York, at the UN headquarters,the Governments and the representatives of 191countries united under the aegis of the United Nations

adopted the Declaration of the Millennium that has beenmaterialized through the eight Millennium DevelopmentGoals (MDGs). These goals are the expression of aninternational action program to fight human poverty.

The Central African Republic that has subscribed to theseobjectives adopted by the whole international community,has committed itself like the other countries of the World, toput in practice without delay these objectives and toregularly elaborate the MDGs implementation follow-upreport.

The present national report is the third of this kind. Itsconception has been done through a participating andinclusive process with various stakeholders intervening inthe country's development process. It is based on the PRSPimplementation and monitoring framework.

Its elaboration process has been conducted under theleadership of the Ministry of Planning, Economy and

International Cooperation. The concerned Ministry hasbenefitted from the technical and methodological support ofthe UNDP. The two partners have elaborated and validatedthe Terms of Reference (TORs) and set up a team of theNational experts (one by each OMD objective). The processcontinued with sectorial consultations and severalworkshops to validate the indicators backing the trendsanalysis.

The implication of the UN Agencies and other developmentpartners was effective and contributed to enrich the content,by numerous contributions, especially during the lastworkshop for final validation. The final workshop thatgathered both the representatives of the sectorial objectivesand the UN agencies as well as other development partnerswas also an occasion to see the active participation of therepresentatives of the civil society, the private sector and theMedias who brought their contributions to validate thereport.

The participative aspect of this report is also materialized bythe involvement of ministry's departments at a very highlevel who brought substantial contributions for theimprovement of the analyses and the identification ofobstacles and the determination of major challenges.

ELIMINATE POVERTY

2015THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENTGOALS

IT IS POSSIBLE!

ELIMINATE POVERTY

2015THE MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

IT IS POSSIBLE!

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NATIONAL MDG REPORT

GEOGRAPHICAL, DEMOGRAPHICAND POLITICAL SITUATION The Central African Republic (C.A.R.), a vast landlockedcountry poorly populated and located in the very heart ofAfrica, is part of the Least Advanced Countries (LAC).Covering a surface of 623.000 km and having forneighboring countries Chad to the north, Sudan to the East,the Congo and the Democratic Republic of Congo to thesouth and the Cameroon to the west, the C.A.R. presents inits demographic composition a big ethnic diversity of whichthe unifying foundation is the Sangö, that is both an officialand also a national widely spoken language. With anestimated population of 4, 3 million inhabitants in 2009unequally divided on the whole territory, the C.A.R. benefitsfrom favorable climatic conditions thanks to its geographicalposition, and rich agricultural lands and enormous naturalresources such as gold, uranium, diamonds and wood whoseexploitation remains at the manual level.The C.A.R. has started on a new perspective ofnormalization of its socio-political life and peaceconsolidation after it was crippled by numerous years ofprofound crisis characterized by political instability andperiods of conflicts and violence, and the political change

that intervened in 2003. But, the C.A.R.remains a fragile State. The politicalsituation improved since the presidentialand legislative elections of 2005 thatpermitted the beginning of a nationalreconciliation process of which the recentprogress are translated in 2007-2008 by thesignature of agreements of peace with themain political and military groups, theratification of an act of general amnesty in2008, and the holding of the sessions of thePolitical and Inclusive Dialogue (PID) inDecember 2008. Encouraging progresshas been also noted in the implementationof the recommendations of the PID, withnotably the constitution of a government ofnational union in January 2009. The

process of disarmament, demobilization and rehabilitationof the ex-fighters (DDR), a component of the vast Reform ofthe Security Sector (RSS), has been undertaken but thecomplexity of the situation on the land blocks the respect ofthe scheduled agenda. Consequently, pockets of conflictsreappear in certain areas of the North of the country.Sporadic burst of violence on the populations in theSoutheast of the country are perpetrated by the Ugandanrebel movement, the Lord Resistance Army (LRA).Government endeavors to act in order to contain theseunexpected and uncontrolled phenomena. Therefore, theexecution of the PID and the UN Strategic 2009-2011Commission of Consolidation of Peace, notably the goodconduct of demobilization process and the oncomingpresidential and legislative elections will influence the veryperspectives a durable sociopolitical stability in CAR.

1 RGPH 03

POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONTEXT FOR THEEXECUTION OF THE MILLENNIUM DECLARATION

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ECONOMIC SITUATION

The Central African economy is dominated by theprimary sector that represented 52,2% of the grossinterior product (GDP) in 2008, followed by the

tertiary sector (30,3%) and the secondary sector (12,4%).The agriculture of subsistence (28,5% of the GDP) andcattle breeding (12,5% of the GDP) constitute the mainactivities of the primary sector. The forest sector, theextractive industries (mainly diamond), and cash crops(essentially coffee and cotton) rarely contribute to the GDP,but remain the main sources of income of exports and alsomajor revenues for neighboring populations in farmingenvironment. The Central African economy experienced a tendency ofrecovery between 2003 and 2007, with a growth rate thatpassed from 7,1% to 4,2% in a context marked by theprogressive return to the socio-political stability and therealization of reforms in the key domains. In spite of the lowlevel of the public investment, the global level of theinvestment has increased, thanks to the private investment inthe sectors of mines, transportation and telecommunication. The foreign investment has progressed as well as the privateconsumption with the regular payment of salaries. However,the growth of the agricultural sector is weak because of theinsufficiency of the infrastructures and the training services,the insecurity in some farming zones and the weakperformance of cash crops. Since 2008, the Central African economy is experiencing thecombined effects of a deteriorated international environmentand the different shocks (crisis of electricity at nationallevel, increases in oil prices, food crisis, the depreciation ofthe dollar with respect to the Euro currency, and the Globaleconomic and financial crisis. The growth rate of the RealGDP fell down again to 2,2% in 2008, a clear receding of 2points compared to 2007 and 2,7 points compared to theinitial projections for 2008. The Global economic andfinancial crisis was materialized notably by a strongcontraction of the external demand in 2008. The exports ofgoods fell by 23% in 2008 instead of growing by 17,6% asforecasted previously before the crisis. That downfall of theexports caused an increase of the deficit of the currentbalance (public transfers included) of -6,1% of the GDP in2007 to -8,8% in 2008, that reached -9,8% in 2009. Besides,the weak mobilization of resources resulted in a decrease ofpublic investments. That fact contributed to slow downeconomic growth the rate of which is estimated to 2% in2009.

The macro-economic management has been characterizedby the globally satisfactory execution of the public reformsprogram, sustained by the Facility for the Reduction ofPoverty and Growth (FRPC) 2007 - 2009, an IMF'sprogram, that allowed the country to reach the DeterminingPoint of the Initiative for the Highly Indebted PoorCountries (HIPC) in September 2007 and the CompletionPoint in June 2009. The budgetary policy that targeted the stability of themacroeconomic framework as well as a better mobilizationof internal and external resources also appeared in the logicof the reinforcement of the social expenses and supportingthe strategy of poverty reduction. The total provisionsrepresented 10,5% of the GDP whereas the public expenses2reached 16,7% in 2008. Concerning the public debt, in consideration of the processof the IHIPC intermediary relief, the granted reschedulingby the creditors of the Club of Paris, and the controlleddeadlines, the ratio of the stock of the external debt(outstanding discounted bills and arrears) to the GDPdecreased, passing from 68,5% some 2007 to 63,2% in20083. The step of an important reduction of the level ofoutstanding discounted bills and the external debt servicehas been cleared with the attainment of the HIPCCompletion Point in June 30, 2009. What permittedhenceforth to allow the CAR to be eligible for an additionalrelief of its debt, on the basis of multilateral debt (IADM)relief of which the expected savings should be orientedtoward the social sectors (Education and Health) and theinfrastructures in view of the progress towards MDGs andthe fight against poverty. Although the evolution of the economy during the four lastyears is in the right way, the annual average growth of theGDP per capita (2006-2009) was only 0,93%, which is avery low level compared to the demographic growth ratewhich was 2,5% during the same period. This fact has thena very little or no impact at all on poverty reduction since thepoverty rate remains very high (62%)4 in 2008.

2Third FRPC-IMF Review, December 2008 3Third FRPC-IMF Review, December 2008 4 ECASEB-ICASEES Survey 2008

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HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

The promotion of durable human developmentconstitutes one of the four Pillars of the PRSP 2008-2010 but the limited public resources have not

permitted to adequately put in action the required policiesand to reach the targeted objectives in the field of health andeducation. The different conflicts lead to the deterioration ofsets of social indicators and fall in most of the MillenniumDevelopment Goals (MDGs); this fact strongly reduces theirunlikely completion by 2015. Besides, the CAR occupies the 179th rank out of 182countries as far as the UNDP Human Development Indicator(HDI) is concerned in 2009. This rank illustrates thedifficult living conditions of the populations and the weakaccess to basic welfare amenities. About 86% of thepopulation doesn't have access to the health services and41% of the adults are not literates5. According to the results of the ECASEB survey, about 62%of the populations live below poverty borderline in 2008.This national rate hides important disparities, with aparticularly widespread poverty in rural environment(69,4%) that also shelters 62% of the population. The ratesof poverty are considerable in regions affected by armedconflicts in comparison with Bangui endowed with aminimum of social infrastructures- debased in general-andthat also concentrates the essential of the economic activity.Life expectation at birth is estimated at 45,1 years, a figureten years less than the African average rate. The prevalencerate of HIV/AIDS that was located to 6,2% in 2006 forpeople of 15 to 49 years is the highest in the CEMAC zone. The humanitarian situation remains difficult in certain parts

of the country, with more than a million of people affectedby the effect of violence. Thousands of people have beendisplaced in 2008; they joined other 295 000 people whowere already displaced and the 100 000 refugees in Chad,the Sudan and in Cameroon6. Most of the displaced peoplefound shelter in the urban centers or in the rural zones in thesouth of the country; they have been deprived therefore oftheir usual subsistence means. Food insecurity andmalnutrition remain recurrent problems, notably in theregions of the north and the south west of the country wherethe agricultural productivity is weak, as well as the access tothe health services and drinking water. The disparity at the level of gender is appalling and thisplaces the country at the 153rd rank out of 177 countries interms of gender development indicator2. Significantdifferences do exist between girls and boys in the field ofaccess to education and literacy. Access to medical care during pregnancies and thechildbirths is limited, as well as family planning services.

5 RNDH 2008 UNDP-RCAS 6 report OCHA 2008 7 World report on the Human Development, UNDP 2009

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NATIONAL MDG REPORT

TThe achievement of the MDGs in the C.A.R. willdepend on the capacity of the authorities and thenational actors of development activities to tackle,

with the support of the whole national and internationalpartners, the following four major challenges: 1. Securing the integrity of the national territory, PeaceBuilding and national cohesion; 2. Mobilization of required resources necessary for theimplementation of the PRSP that conditions the achievementof the MDGs; 3. The reinforcement of the capacities of the institutions andthe deployment of the state departments throughout thewhole territory; 4. The improvement of the dynamics of reconstruction andits extension to rural areas with the rehabilitation of theeconomic and social infrastructures.

1. SECURING THE INTEGRITY OFTHE NATIONAL TERRITORY, PEACEBUILDING AND NATIONALCOHESION The national reconciliation, characterized by the GlobalPolitical Agreement, coupled with the recent progress in thefield of political governance, have been fundamental tostrengthen the peace process and the reforms suitable toreinforce the social cohesion, a necessary factor to create apacific political and social climate. On this subject, the Government has directed its actionstowards the materialization of political and institutionalreforms with the support of different political and socialforces and partners of development. The key prioritiesconcern: (i) the effectiveness or the reinforcement of thecapacity of the main Institutions of the Republic, (ii) theconsolidation of the democratic gains, (iii) the accelerationof the Security Sector Reform, and (iv) human rightspromotion and protection.The national cohesion and consensus also implies a level ofeconomic governance that improves the country's image andreinforce the central and territorial administration, in view ofgreat efficiency, competence, transparency and an increasedresponsibility. Another key factor of success of the MDGs is

the social mobilization, which passes by the promotion ofthe involvement of citizens in decision making.

2. RESOURCES MOBILIZATIONThe partners' technical and financial support for the C.A.R.to enable the eradication of the various obstacles that slowdown the tax revenue is crucial, especially the difficulty towiden the tax assessment basis in a context where a largepart of the economy (agriculture, informal sector) is nottaxed, fiscal fraud, fiscal and customs exonerations, theweak efficiency of the State financial services.The C.A.R. also has another opportunity to mobilizeexternal resources: it is to end the suspension of cooperationwith the main partners before 2003 that reducedconsiderably the external financial assistance8. Today, anexternal financial assistance, easily and quickly availablecan accelerate the achievement of the MDGs in the C.A.R.The government can adopt suitable measures to encouragesuch effort from the international community. Thesemeasures concern: • the reinforcement of the disposition of an efficient aidcoordination for more coherence for the programs and abetter follow-up of their execution on the field;• The setting up of a wider strategy of the resourcesmobilization; • The improvement of the reliability of the public financesmanagement system.

MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR ACHIEVINGTHE MDGS IN CAR

8 The foreign aid rose from 63 millions of USD in 2002 to 295 millionUSD in 2008 according to data in DAD (Ministry of the Planning).

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3. THE HUMAN ANDINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITYBUILDINGA sustainable recovery and economic growth and a goodabsorption of resources for development require a capacitybuilding for the private sector. In fact, performinginstitutions based on efficiency, competence, transparency inoperations and responsibility in action are critical toencourage the development process. The expertise of aninstitution depends on the quality of the human resourcesthat handle it. Development requires that the countryidentifies the type of women and men to handle the society,the administration and the private sector of today andtomorrow.

4. THE REHABILITATION OF SOCIALAND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURESThe majority of the Central African citizens do not haveaccess to basic socio-economic infrastructures, and theweakness of the public utilities is exacerbated by the lack ofmaintenance of the existing infrastructures. The roadnetwork is in disrepair and often out of use during the rainyseason. Apart from the Bangui-Douala way (that is not

entirely tarred), the network of tarred road is nearlyinexistent (the country counts 700 Km of asphalted road outof a total of 24 000 Km of road and track). The Oubanguiand streams are only navigable during four months of theyear, and the fluvial transportation is very limited. Theweakness of the infrastructures for access to coastal landcontributes to the cost increase of transportation and theprices of the primary commodities in C.A.R.; thosecommodities are higher than in neighboring seasidecountries. The impetus of the economic recovery is so weakthat the process of reconstruction doesn't visibly appear inthe rural area (and even in urban environment) where morethan 80% of the population is concentrated. The strategy ofreconstruction assimilated to the national poverty reductionhas been conceived on the basis of a rehabilitation program/ modernization of basic infrastructures if the level of publicand private investments in these sectors were substantiallyhigh. Post conflict recovery would have benefitted amplyfrom it, and in a simultaneous manner, it would havebenefitted to the sectors of production (notably agriculture,cattle breeding), social sectors and to the deployment of theadministrative services through the “Poles ofDevelopment”Program.

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NATIONAL MDG REPORT

MDG

MDG 1 :

MDG 2 :

MDG 3 :

MDG 4 :

MDG 5 :

MDG 6 :

MDG 7 :

ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Proportion of the populationwith one dollar per day

Percentage of children of lessthan 5 years presentinga pondered insufficiency

Proportion of school children beginningthe first year of study in the primaryeducation and finishing the fifth year.

Relation girls/boys in the primary,secondary and higher education

Net Rate of Schoolingin the primary

Rate of mortality of the childrenunder 5 years (% o)

Proportion of 1 year childrenvaccinated against measles.

Rate of maternal mortality rate(maternal mortality for 100 000 living births) LB LB

PROMOTE GENDEREQUALITY EMPOWERWOMEN

REDUCE CHILDMORTALITY

COMBAT HIV/AIDSMALARIAAND OTHER DISEASES

ENSUREENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITY

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Indicator 1 : Proportion of the population with one dollarper day Indicator 2 : Index of poverty gap [impact of poverty xdegree of poverty] Indicator 3 : Part of the fifth poorest of the population in theinternal consumption

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the domain of poverty inC.A.R.

The Central African Republic has set down for the first timein 2007 its profile of poverty from the 2003 householdsurvey data. It revealed that 67% of the population lived inpoverty that year. In 2009, the Central African Survey for Welfare (ECASEB)has revealed that 62% of the individuals live below thepoverty line (data of 2008), what corresponds to apopulation of 2,6 millions of people on a total of 4 200 000in 2008.

Chart 1: People living below poverty line

As shown on the chart above, the performances concerningthe fight against poverty were very weak. The fall of theslope from 2003 is only apparent because in 2008 the trendcame back to the level of 1992. The trends show that theMDG won't be reached in 2015. In urban environment, nearly half of the people are poor(49,6%) and in rural environment this rate is estimated to69,4%, more than two third of people in The rural world. The regional dimension of poverty lets appear disparitieswith very high rates in the regions 3, 49 and 6 where theyrespectively near 78%, 71% and 66%. It must be pointed outthat in a microeconomic setting, poverty hits morehouseholds of average sizes whose chiefs have a low levelof instruction (70 to 74%) and have the agriculturalexploitation (72%) as the main activity. The mid distance to the national poverty line (depth ofpoverty) is of 33,1% with a poverty intensity about 53,4%.This depth of poverty corresponds to a mid- deficit of 138000 FCFA (10) by a quasi adult to grant to a poor householdin order to get out of its situation. Thus, if poverty had to beeradicated in 2008, it would have been necessary to transferto the poor people about 361 billions of F CFA. This amountis merely indicative; nevertheless it puts in light the effort tobe made in order to eradicate poverty when one knows thatit represents the order of half of the GDP of the country.

ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

Target 1A : Half reduction between 1990 and 2015 of the proportion of the population whose income is below 1 dollar per day

GOAL 1

9 Les régions 3 et 4 sont des régions à forte production cotonnière.10 Evalué au prix de Bangui

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2. GOOD PRACTICES In Reply to the extreme poverty that appears with aconsiderable deterioration of the living conditions of theCentral African households, the Government has initiatedthe following actions: The development and the implementation Strategicdocument for Poverty Reduction (PRSP) from 2007, whichfocuses around four pillars such as: the security restoration,the promotion of the good governance, the diversification ofthe economy and the development of the human capital. Ithas permitted to mobilize resources and to undertake certainactions to improve business environment and promote jobs(creation of a Single Desk, a Setting of Public/Private SectorDialogue, etc.) The reforms at the level of the security sector, publicfinance, mining sector, etc. that allowed the country to reachthe completion point of HIPC initiative that had beenmaterialized by a cancellation of 90% of the external debt,giving it an opportunity to mobilize new resources for thefight against poverty. The setting up of a Special Committee of Treasury haspermitted the repayment of the internal debt by therepayment of a part of the arrears to the national suppliers(25 billion FCFA) and the farmers, and the regular paymentof the wages for the civil servants and State agents. These measures and the alignment of the partners ofdevelopment to the PRSP in accordance with theDeclaration of Paris were favorable for the fight againstpoverty.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS The main Obstacles that don't facilitate the fight against theextreme poverty in Central Africa are:

The State fragilityThe Central African Republic is classified as a fragile Statein consideration of its economic sector. The armed conflictsand the persistence of some areas of insecurity has forcedthe displacement of the populations, preventing them fromhaving access to certain economic and social opportunities;This situation threatens the stability of Institutions andprevents the State from fully playing its role in the supply ofthe basic social services (education, health, etc.) as well asbuilding financial and material means of production.

The weak mobilization of resources The Central African Republic is an "Aid Orphan” country.The insufficiency of the resources mobilized for povertyreduction shows a gap of more than 500 million US dollarsin the period covering the period of implementation of theStrategic Document for Poverty Reduction.

Business environment In spite of the substantial efforts dedicated to reforms, thecountry was ranked the last in terms of "Doing Business".This shows the many insufficiencies in the emerging andblossoming conditions of a dynamic private sector that couldsupport the State in the job promotion and the fight againstprecariousness.

The effects of the crisis The combined effects of conflicts and the external shockslike the Global economic and financial crisis reduced theincomes of the farmers who consequently face difficulties inselling their cash crops (cotton, coffee, tobacco), and alsoweakened the agricultural productivity .The crisis has alsocaused losses of direct and indirect jobs due to the closing ofsome saw-mills and mining firms (disruptive effect on thesectors of timber and diamond).

The pandemic of AIDS In this country where the density of the population is alreadyweak, the pandemic of HIV- AIDS (6,2% of the affectedpopulation) continues to have ominous consequencescharacterized by the disintegration of the social strata andthe impoverishment of the families.

GOAL 1

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THE MAIN CHALLENGES : Security and State Strengthening The pursuit off the effort to secure the whole territory andthe peace building constitute the necessary condition toefficiently fight against poverty. For that, the completion ofthe program of Disarmament, Demobilization andReintegration (DDR) and the holding of free and transparentpresidential elections constitute the two main presentchallenges.

The Recovery The end of the humanitarian phase must open newopportunities of economic and social recovery through thesupply of basic social services, improvement of the access tothe drinking water and to betterment in rural areas, theperformance of the health system, the access to a basiceducation of quality and the extension to several zones ofthese direct facilities.

The Pro Poor GrowthThe Central African Republic is a country endowed withenormous non-exploited agricultural and miningpotentialities. The fight against poverty could not be wonunless the country relies on its own resources to build areally accelerated growth strategy favorable to the interestsof poor people. For that, it would be necessary to initiate i)a real policy of promotion of sectors of high potential and ii)the continuation of the reforms to enable businessenvironment.

GOAL 1

NATIONAL MDG REPORT

Indicator 4: Percentage of children of less than 5 yearspresenting a pondered insufficiency Indicator 5: Proportion of the population unable to reachthe minimal level of caloric contribution

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDG

Trends and inequalities in the domain of food securityand nutrition of children

Graphic 2: Evolution of the proportion of children enduringa curbed pondered insufficiency

The situation of the moderate pondered insufficiency11 ofchildren of less than 5 years has deteriorated in the CentralAfrican Republic, especially since 2003. Indeed, the EDSsurvey put it at 23,2% in 1995 and different MICS surveysat 24,2% in 2000 and 28,3% in 2006. With this evolution, itis very unlikely that the target could be reached by 2015. According to the results of the AGVSA surveys, the mostaffected zones are those of the rural areas in zones of agroecological cotton-food-producing and coffee-food-producing areas respectively the regions 3, 4 and 2,6.According to the report by UNICEF in 2009, between theNorth and the South of the country, nearly 700 000 childrenof less than 5 years live below acceptable level and manyare now at the limit of survival.

In three mining cities of the southwest of the country(Carnot, Nola and Berberati), the bitter malnutrition rate hasreached 16 % of children of less than 5 years; and severemalnutrition affected 6,6% the same class of age, which issuperior to the level of emergency of 15% for severemalnutrition and of 2% for a bitter malnutrition.

Malnutrition is still endemic in the whole country. Boysseem exposed to malnutrition more than girls (31% of boysversus 26% of girls suffer from curbed ponderedinsufficiency). The analysis of the MICS 2006 surveyreveals that malnutrition rages more in the rural areas than inthe urban zones. In general, children living in the cottonzones of the country (Region 3 and 4) seem a bit moreexposed. Meanwhile, this phenomenon can be observedthese last years notably in the Southwest of the country(Region 2).

Target 1b: Half reduction of the proportion of people suffering from hunger between 1990 and 2015

11 Rapport poids pour âge en dessous de -2 écart type de la médiane de lapopulation de référence

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GOAL 1

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2. GOOD PRACTICES The best practices that have contributed to the reinforcementof food security and to the fight against malnutrition are: (i)the regulation of the arrears to the farmers of cotton andproviding them with agricultural inputs, (ii) the launching ofharnessed cultivation by the endowment of the groupings inplows and 400 pairs of cows, (iii) the support to amechanized agriculture by giving farmers tractors forexperimental practice and, (iv) the enhancement of thecoaching structures.

All these factors have contributed to the increase of thecotton culture which is the locomotive of the food-producingcultures, the essential of which constitutes the food basis ofthe populations as well as their source of income.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGESAND CONSTRAINTS The main obstacles that slow down the progress toward foodself-sufficiency in CAR are: i) the extreme poverty of thepopulation where more than six people out of ten live withless than 1,25 dollar per day; ii) the movement of thepopulations generated by the conflicts in the north of thecountry; iii) the decrease of the incomes resulting to thedownfall of the prices of cash crops (cotton, coffee) andmore lately iv) the international financial crisis that hasparticularly affected the mining and forest sectors anddamaged the financial capacities of households, v) the weakfinancing of the agricultural sector, vi) the non fluidity of thefinancial rural market, vii) the difficulties of access toagricultural opportunities, and viii) the weaknesses of thestructures of agricultural expertise.

Besides these reasons, the weak access to the basic essentialservices (education, health, markets, and roads) is a trueobstacle in the fight against food insecurity as theinvestigation showed it.

About the malnutrition of children, the main Negativefactors are: (i) the extreme poverty of households, (ii) thelow level of literacy among women, (iii) the negative sociocultural practices notably forbidden food, (iv) theunbalanced diet, and v) the bad way of feeding kids andyouths.

These main factors took huge importance these last yearswith the persistence of areas of t insecurity in the North and

the East of the country causing the massive movement of thepopulations.

The fight against food insecurity and malnutrition should goin priority with the recovery of the level of production, animprovement of the storage and conservation techniques, areorganization of the circuit of food sales and goodsdistribution, and the setting up of quick alert mechanism toreinforce the surveillance in order to detect on time anaggravation of food security and the nutritional state of thepopulations. It is essential to note that simultaneous effortsshould be deployed to guarantee also the nutritional securitylinked to the good food practice of kids and youths. In fact,one of the immediate challenges of the Government is tomake the application of Maputo agreements effective, whichrecommend a disposition of at least 10% of the yearlybudgetary resources to the agricultural sector.

GOAL 1

NATIONAL MDG REPORT

Indicator 1 : Rate of employment in relation with the activepopulation Indicator 2 : Proportion of salaried people who live withless than 1 dollar per day

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the area of employment

According to the last two surveys of the Population, the jobrate has decreased from 59% in 1988 to 47% in 2003. Theresults of ECASEB survey conducted in 2008, indicate thatthe active population represents 83,9% of the totalpopulation. This proportion is divided into 82,6% ofworking elements (of which 19% are poorly occupied or in"disguised unemployment"), and 1,3% of unemployedpersons. This gives a rate of global unemployment of 20,3%and a rate of employment of 63,6% in 2008.

Chart 3 : Evolution of the rate of employment

The diagram shows that with a global unemployment rate of20,3%, the Central African Republic won't reach the targetof full employment by 2015. With regard to the regionaldisparities, this rate of global occupation (rate ofemployment plus "disguised unemployment") of 82,6% isrelatively higher in rural areas than in urban environment(87,6% versus 74,8%) because of the high rate ofunemployment or disguised unemployment (22% in ruralareas versus 17% in urban environment). With regard to thesectorial distribution, the primary sector (agriculture/collectof food staff/ hunting/forest exploitation) is the mostimportant activity branch because more than 60% ofoccupied active populations devote themselves to it. There ispredominance in rural areas where more than 84% of activepopulation is in this branch (versus 35% in urbanenvironment). Administration only counts 1,6% of occupiedvalid people. Thus, the salaried employees (civil servants,workers and maneuvers) represent 8% of 74% for those whoexercise liberal professions. Concerning the disparities linked to gender, women aremore active in the primary sector with 74% among thosewho exercise there. However, the men predominate amongthe salaried employees (14% versus only 2,6% of women).This category of employees belongs in majority to publicadministration. Unemployment is more pronounced as far aswomen are concerned (20% versus 17% at the men). Theanalysis of poverty in relation to the situation of jobopportunity shows a certain social hierarchy. The impact ofpoverty is relatively weaker in households where the headworks in the administration with 30% that don't reach 1,25dollar per day (26,7% at the salaried employees of the public

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Target 1C: Ensuring full employment and the possibility for everyone, including women and youth, to find a decent and productive job

GOAL 1

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administration versus 43% for those of the private sector).This figure shows the weakness of the private sector to offerjobs with decent remunerations. For the other categories,more than 40% do not reach the average poverty line.

2. GOOD PRACTICES Certain trends of improvement were observed between 2003and 2009 concerning the situation of employment in thecountry.Important efforts were done by the Government to integrateprogressively certain young graduates in the civil serviceand some texts have been adopted for the improvement ofworking conditions as well as the initiatives to develop highintensity of manpower (THIMO). Training programs for the reinsertion of the youths throughthe National Pioneer Youth were also created.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES,AND CONSTRAINTS

Main reasons of inactivity

As far as employment is concerned, the main constraints arestill linked to the situation of the “Fragile State” thatcharacterizes the Central African Republic. In fact, thestrengthening of the State through the rehabilitation of theInstitutions constitutes the real priority after years ofconflict. This situation prevents the Government to conductrecruitments in the administration knowing that it hasalready faced the spiny problem of arrears of wages. On theother side, the weakness of the investment of the privatesector, due to an unfavorable business environment (thecountry has occupied the last rank in terms of 'DoingBusiness ' in 2009) prevents the creation of jobs notably foryoung people and the women who are the real victims ofunemployment. To this fact, there is a blatant lack oftechnical training structures and the absence of a creditsystem in the agricultural sector. On the side of job request,these are mainly the weakness of the level of instruction andtraining especially of women and young people that slowdown their opportunity to get a job. Inadequate training/jobopportunity policy can also be blamed.

Thus, the main challenges are located in i) theimplementation of a real economic recovery policy allowingthe most underprivileged people to get access to activitiesgenerating incomes and possibility for self-creation of jobs;ii) the promotion and access of women and young peopleto training; iii) the continuation of reforms for theimprovement of the business environment in order topromote the creation of enterprises of high intensity ofmanpower (HIMO); iv) the training of the informal sector sothat it can fully play its role of supplier of jobs.

GOAL 1

Indicator 6 : Net Rate of Schooling in the primary Indicator 7 : Proportion of schoolchildren beginning thefirst year of study in the primary education and finishing thefifth year. Indicator 8 : Rate of literacy from 15 to 24 years old

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGChart 4 : Evolution of the Schooling Net Rate

The analysis of the proportion of the schoolchildrenreaching the fifth year shows a clear improvement between2005 and 2009. Indeed, in 2009, the proportion of the pupilsof fifth year in relation to the number of the children aged 10

years represent 57,4%. It will be difficult to reach the targetin 2015 in spite of this positive evolution due to the gapbetween the MDG trend and the observed one.

Table 1 : Raw Rate of access to fifth year.

Source: calculated Data from the directories of Ministry ofEducation.

The rate of literacy that fell in 2003 (41,4%) after a peak in2000 (49,6%)has improved in 2008. The results of the lastsurvey in 2008 shows that the rate of literacy of the 15 yearsold or more is estimated at the national level to 44%. Therate has increased more in urban zones (65%) than in therural zones (31%).).

Chart 5: Net Rate of Schooling according to sex and regionfor the school year 2008-2009

Source : calculated Data from the directories of TheMinistry of Education.

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Target 3 : Giving all children, boys and girls, everywhere in the world from now to 2015,the means to finish a complete cycle of primary studies.

GOAL 2

Raw Rateof access

ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATIONFOR ALL

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During the last two years, the evolution of the TNS for thegirls remained relatively weak in relation to the observedtrend for the boys. The gap between girls and boys hasworsened more in regions that have been victimized by thearmed conflicts. Indeed, the TNS of the boys have improvedduring the period of 8 points versus 6 points for the girls.The parity between boys and girls in the regions of the Northand Northeast is estimated at 0,65. With regard to theanalysis of the regional disparity of the raw rate ofadmission, it appears that only Bangui (region 7) displaysa positive tendency. The regions 2, 3, 5, and 6 are familiarwith some indications beyond the national average (66,3%).The gap between boys and girls are considerable in the mostdistant regions from the capital city and in poor regions.

Chart 6 : Raw Rate of admission in 5th Year (%)

Source : calculated Data from the directories of the Ministry ofEducation 2008-2009.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES The adoption of new strategic settings encouraged thedevelopment of the sector. Indeed, after the adoption of theNational Strategy of Poverty Reduction (PRSP), with thesupport of the technical and financial partners, thegovernment has elaborated a new National Strategy for theSector of the education (SNSE) that has permitted theelection of the country to the initiative for the AcceleratedImplementation of Education For All (IMOA-EPT). Thisnew setting has permitted the mobilization of resources inthe setting of the Project of Emergency for the Sector ofeducation and Health (PSES) and thereafter of the Project ofsupport to the Sectorial Program of education (PAPSE).Besides, the diagnostic survey of the education system(RESEN) has enabled the C.A.R. to benefit from the FastTrack initiative permitting to reach supplementary resourcesto finance the necessary investments in conformity with thevision of the Strategy of Poverty Reduction (PRSP). These

mobilized resources the amount of which raises to 37,8million dollars are obtained from the financing of the WorldBank, Japan, the Scandinavian Countries, etc. Thecampaigns of sensitization tracks in the setting of theseprojects have permitted a better appropriation of thepriorities of the sector by the local partners of education andtheir effective implication in the programmed actions. Thestrategy consisting in reducing the expenses of School fees,the relative arrangements for the facilitation of the deliveryof birth certificates and the administrative measuresregarding the limitation of failure contributed in improvingthe access and the quality of education. The strategy of payment of the wages to contractual teachersin their respective localities has permitted to reduce theirrate of absenteeism. This has therefore increased the actualtime of training of the pupils. Besides, the payment on duedates of the wages as well as the payment of a part of the duesalaries of the past to the civil servants have created a socialappeasement climate that has reduced teachers 'strikes.

Framed N° 2: A phenomenon is very muchspread in the CAR school system; it is about theincrease in the fundamental 1. Because of thecosts and the excess in size of the classes itgenerates in terms of the increase of the publicresources and the plethora of the strengths in theclasses, it is right to wonder about its educationalrelevance. Many works of studies and researchhave been dedicated to the topic notably to theimpact that the increase can have on the drop outor the school success. Disposition data for theC.A.R don't permit to establish with certainty theimpact of the increase on the school success. Onthe contrary, several studies have shown that theincreases exacerbate the precociousabandonments of the studies. Indeed, the familiessee in the imposed failure to their offspring as ifs/he is not efficient and doesn't benefit fromhis/her presence at school. Failure at schoolpushes parents to withdraw their child fromschool because the opportunity costs alwaysconstitute a negative argument for the schoolattendance. The empiric observations show thatthese negative impacts of the increase areespecially strong in the situations where theschool demand is weaker (schooling of the girls,children of the minorities, and the economicallyunderprivileged environment). Source: Ministryof the national education, 2007,

GOAL 2

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINSTS

The insufficiency of the national resources because of theeffects of the crisis associated to the weak mobilization ofexternal resources for the sector in the past has penalized theeducational offer (deficit in qualified teaching staff,insufficiency of class rooms, furniture and school facilities,etc.). Facing this deficiency community schools have beencreated with the recruitment of less qualified teachers. Thelimited perception of the school by families living in ruralenvironment and the high rate of failures has oftencontributed in discouraging parents to send their children toschool. The extreme poverty of the households associated tothe lack of school refectories, the absence of fountains andseparate latrines in most of schools disfavor the access andthe maintenance of the children at school. The disparitiesand the exclusion of the girls, the children coming fromminority groups, children affected by crises, orphans andvulnerable and disabled children constitute also seriousobstacles. There is also the question of quality in a context

where half of the teachers is made up of unqualified parentsacting as teachers. In addition, the authorities ofdecentralized services are not always capable to assure thesupervision of the schools and teachers because of thelimited access, the lack of logistics and required training.The major challenge to reach the universal schooling to thehorizon 2015 consists in managing to implement the firstphase of the initiative for the Accelerated Implementation ofEducation For All (IMOA-EPT) and to mobilize additionalresources. This success passes by i) the efficientmanagement of the situation of the qualified teachers and themaintenance of contractual teachers in the system ii) theeffective implementation of the educational reforms basedon the approach By Expertise (APC) and iii) the opening ofsupplementary class rooms and the endowment of theschools with facilities, manuals, and sufficient didactictools.

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Indicator 12 : Relation between girls and boys in primary,secondary and higher education Indicator 13 : Percentage of salaried women in the nonagricultural sector Indicator 14 : Proportion of seats occupied by women at thelevels of decisions

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and disparities between sexes in C.A.R.The situation of the educational system in general and theteaching in particular remains a preoccupation for theGovernment. Indeed, a closer observation reveals that theindicators show obstinate inequalities between boys andgirls from year to year. These disparities are meaningful ifone refers to sex, age, the level of income of households andresidency area.

Chart 7: Evolution of girls/boys ratio in the Primary School (%)

Source : Statistical Directories of the Ministry of Education, 1990-2008,

Indeed, as it is indicated in the above diagram, therelationship between girls and boys in primary school thoselast years evolve favorably toward the attainment of theobjectives of 100% recommended by the MDGs. In spite of this favorable tendency, the evolution of therelationship between girls and boys in primary educationthose last years is irregular during the period of 1998-2004to be at last stabilized in 2006 at about 72%. In terms ofenrollment, Statistics of the National Education of 2009show the persistence of inequalities between the two sexes.Only 43% of the registered persons in the first year of theprimary school are girls. In the secondary education, thereport of the relationship between girls and boys has shiftedfrom 39% in 1990 to 60% in 2000, and 73% in 2006. For higher education, girls are three to four times lessnumerous than boys. Only 2% of girls finish their cycle inmedicine.

In spite of this situation in education, certain women havemore and more access to remunerated job even though theirnumber remains always limited in relation to men'ssituation, either respectively 47% versus 57%.

PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

Target 3 A: Eliminating the disparities between sexes in the primary and secondary education from here to 2005 if possible to all levels of the educational system by 2015.

GOAL 3

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Considering the low level of schooling of girls and the highrate of illiteracy of women (68%), the accession of theselatter to salaried jobs becomes more and more difficult.Those who get accesses are however penalized doubly,because they don't always have the training nor the requiredexpertise. For the whole country, boys are proportionallymore schooled than girls. In spite of the orientations andliabilities taken by the Government, the girls don't have anequitable access to education. This discrimination isobservable since the school entry. The disparities betweengirls and boys are therefore permanent and develop all alongthe education attendance, with an important gap at a higherlevel. These inequalities result from the socio culturalrealities (distrustful mentalities, behaviors and attitudes ofthe parents) and important distance from schools.

Because of the precariousness of the living conditions, theparents prefer to send the boys to school rather than the girls.Besides, facing the phenomenon of the violence and sexualharassment of which girls are victims, notably at theSecondary level (73% of the pupils of the Fundamental 2and 90,1%% of teachers would be involved in acts ofviolence within the school or on the way to school)(12), thenon desired pregnancies and precocious marriages, it resultsthat the number of girls dwindles. The persistence of theseinequalities between boys and girls is very much noticed inthe rural communities and especially in the pooresthouseholds.

In these conditions, the attainment of the MDG 3 demandingequality between girls and boys by 2015 in the Primary andSecondary Schools and at higher level seem unlikely, so farthe conditions of access and duration of girls at school arenot met. To reduce these inequalities, it is important to takesome steps of sensitization towards parents and teachers onthis crucial issue in addition to the Policies and specificmeasures taken by the Government in favor of the girls inorder to improve their schooling. In the field of jobs, theindicators provided by the Survey of the Economic Units ofC.A.R. (RUECA) of December 2007, reveal that only 11%women work in the formal economic units versus 89% ofmen and 17,53% of women occupy the informal economicunits for 82,47% of men.

According to statistics of the Civil Service Ministry, with atotal figure of 25.523 workers hired in the administration,women represent only 16,5%, or 4 200 salaried employees. Concerning the decisions making, the report remained thesame (2 women out of 16 regional officers, 10 women out of

168 mayors). The proportion of women in the structures ofdecisions is negligible. In spite of arrangements of theCEDEF ratified by the CAR concerning the elimination ofdiscriminations with regard to women, their marginalizationremains considerable. While reviewing the main structuresof decisions, one notes the extent to which women arevictims of inequalities:

i. at the National assembly, the number of the female PMshas slightly increased, passing from 5 women to 109 duringthe last Legislature (1999-2003), to 10 women for 105 seats,or 9,52%. Women hope to reach the famous quota of 30%for the next Legislature.

ii. Within the Government, only 4 women are Ministers outof 34 members, what represents 11,76%.

iii. at the Economic and Social Council, women occupyonly 8 seats out of 74 Advisers, what represents 10,81%. iv. In Diplomacy, only one woman is an Ambassador out of9, or (11%).

v. In the Judiciary Branch, only 7 women out of 150 areMagistrates (4,66%).

12 According to the survey of TEBERO and other 2009.

GOAL 3

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2. THE GOOD PRACTICES The main factors that have contributed to the success ofgirls schooling these last years come from the policy set upto promote the enrollment and the maintenance of girls atschool. It is about mainly: (i) the deletion of school fees forgirls, (ii) the creation in some schools of separate latrines forthe girls, (iii) the creation of school refectories andfountains in many schools, (iv) the deletion of requirementof birth certificates to enroll girls, (v) the standardization ofschool dressings, etc…

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES, ANDCONSTRAINTS The main obstacles or major negative factors of girlsschooling, the access of women to remunerated jobs andtheir effective involvement in the spheres of decisions arenumerous. These obstacles are of several orders: social (the socio

cultural weights), economic (financial dependency ofwomen to families) and political (or lack of) politicalcommitment to the implementation of measures in favor ofwomen and girls). These obstacles must be destroyed toallow them to claim a real autonomy by 2015. For their efficient involvement in the process of decision, itis necessary to put an accent on the following strategic axes: a) The reinforcement of women's economic power, so thattheir activities might be integrated in the production of thenational wealth; b) The intensification of the involvement of women at alllevels of decision making; c) The schooling of girls and women's literacy, notably inrural environment; d) The mobilization of the communities for a change ofbehaviors and mentalities in favor of the equality andgender; e) A better institutionalization of the legal setting in thedomain of the promotion and the protection of Humanrights; f) The reinforcement of the capacity of national actors fromthe governmental structures, the civil society and the privatesector. The challenges are enormous but can be progressivelytackled. Indeed, it will be necessary then to undertake theapplication of suitable measures of which: the extension ofthe school facilities to the national scale, the attenuation ofthe perverse effects of the socio cultural weights, thetranslation in concrete actions of the liabilities so much

taken on a national level than international one, theapplication of the quota of the 30% of women in the decisionmaking circles, and the effective application of the texts andlaws in favor of women and younger girls. The Central African Republic has ratified manyInternational legal instruments such as Treaties,Conventions or Charters. Among them are: the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights, the international Pact oneconomic, social and cultural laws, the international Pact oncivil and political laws, the African Charter on HumanRights and peoples and the Additional protocol on women'srights, the Convention on the elimination of all aspects ofdiscrimination against women (CEDEF), the United NationsResolution 1325 and the Convention on Children's Rights(CDE). These different instruments include arrangements that ifapplied with rigor, they could contribute to improving thepresent situation while reducing by the same time theinequalities and marginalization of women and girls.Besides, at the national level, the Government adopted anew Constitution on December 27, 2004, promulgated theFamily Code in 1997. This Code is under review. TheGovernment also adopted in 2005 a new Policy onpromotion of equality and equity, which takes the Gender asa privileged instrument in its quest for the MDGs throughpoverty reduction. In the framework of the implementation of the DSRP, asectorial committee known as "Equality of the Gender andPoverty Reduction» in charge of the drawing up and theexecution of the strategies in Gender has been created. Thisstructure is under the guardianship of the Ministry of theSocial Affairs, National Solidarity and Family. "FocalPoints on Gender" have been promoted and introduced in thequasi-totality of Ministries, in order to handle theeffectiveness of equality and equity principles to guarantee aharmonious development of the country. Globally, thetheoretical managements concerning equity and equality doexist in the country, but Gender institutionalization hasproblems to get full recognition.It will be about harmonizing the national texts with the

international legal instruments ratified by the country, todevelop and to intensify actions concerning sensitization andin direction of the political decision-makers, Leaders ofPolitical parties, opinion leaders, religious leaders, youthsand the women themselves, for change in attitudes andmentalities. More, women should be strongly involved inconflict prevention and peace keeping operations at national,regional and international level, in order to reinforce theirrole in the society.

GOAL 3

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Indicator 15 : Rate of mother mortality (maternal death for1OO, OOO living births)Indicator 16 : proportion of deliveriesIndicator 17 : Proportion of 1 year children vaccinatedagainst measles.

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDG Trends and inequalities in the domain of infant mortality

The sanitary situation of the children of less than 5 years stillremains serious in the Central African Republic inconsideration of the infant-juvenile and infant mortalityfigures that place the country far behind the world average(10th place by decreasing order)13. The chart below shows that the evolution of the indicatorsince 1990 has indicated deterioration until 2003. It is onlyfrom that period that an inversion of the trend occurs:According to the RGPH03 report, the rate of mortality ofchildren of less than 5 years is of 220%o in 2003. This ratehas decreased to 173%o in 2008 according to the worldreport on the situation of children by UNICEF

Chart 8 : Evolution of the mortality rate of children of lessthan 5 years

The sanitary situation of the children of less than 5 yearsremains still serious in the Central African Republic inconsideration of the infanto-juvenile and infantile mortalityfigures that place the country far behind the world average(10th place by decreasing order)13. The chart below shows that the evolution of the indicatorsince 1990 translated a deterioration until 2003. It is onlyfrom that period that an inversion of the trend occurs:According to the RGPH03 report, the rate of mortality of thechildren of less than 5 years are of 220%o in 2003. This ratedescended to 173%o in 2008 according to the world reporton the situation of the children by UNICEFGRAPHIC 8: Evolution of the mortality rate of children ofless than 5 years

This encouraging inflection is probably in connection withthe end of the politico-military conflicts in the capital cityand in certain provincial cities. However, the level of theindicator remains again very worrying that if the negativefactors enumerated below remain, it would be improbable toattain the objective 4 in 2015. The analysis of inequalities14 points out disparities betweenthe urban environment and rural areas on the one hand andbetween boys and girls on the other.

REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Target 4 A: Reducing children of less than 5 years mortality rate by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015

13 UNICEF : the situation of the children in the world:pictures statistics, nov.2009

14 Data of MICS survey 2006

GOAL 4

Current Trend MDG's Trend

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For spatial distribution, the death rate of children of less than5 years is 126% in urban environment versus 199% in ruralareas. It varies between 175% for boys and 176% for girls. As far as the infant death rate is concerned, it is indicated106%in 2008 versus 132% in 2003. The spatial inequalitiesshow that it is 71,2% in urban environment versus 56,1% inrural areas. As for sex inequalities, the rate is 61,5% forboys versus 62,6% for girls.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES The main factors that have contributed to the success of theprogram for the fight against infant mortality these last yearsrest on (i) the social mobilization and the implication of theNGOs and the community responsibility, (ii) therecruitment of qualified health staff and their disseminationon all over the national territory, (iii) the intervention of thehumanitarian NGOs that can enable the coverage of thesanitary needs in the zones of conflict, (iv) the mobilizationof resources from the non- traditional partners (GAVI, worldFund, Rotary International, etc.,) (v) the strategy ofintegration of the actions having permitted the efficiencyand efficacy in various interventions (the prevention of thetransmission of the HIV virus from the parents to the child(PTPE), the distribution of the impregnated mosquito netsand the multiplication of the national days of vaccinationwith the supply in the provisions in vitamin A).

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS The main obstacles to the reduction of infant mortality inthe Central African Republic come essentially from: (i) theweak income of the households that prevents theaccessibility to medical care, (ii) the low level of literacy ofmothers, (iii) low level of modern contraceptive method,(iv) parents' ignorance of the advantage of vaccinations, (v)the insufficiency, old and inadequate sanitaryinfrastructures, (vi) the lack of numerous qualified humanresources , (vii) insufficiency of financial resources and,(viii) massive movement of populations in the conflictsareas that prevent the implementation of the infant healthprogram (PEV, PCIME, Malaria, PTPE, OEV, etc.) The main possibilities that shape up the reduction of theinfant mortality in the Central African Republic for the nextyears concern the mobilization of the communities, thegrowth of the sanitary amenities and the mobilization ofresources for effective interventions with high impact on theinfant mortality. Indeed, in support to the improvement of

services of health with high impact, the effectivemobilization of the communities on the programs put inaction carried out for the improvement of children health (nocomplicated malaria, diarrheas, pneumonias), the use of theimpregnated mosquitoes nets, the adoption of food essentialpractices regarding young children, effective involvementin mass campaigns (Days National of Vaccination, Weeks onMother-Child Health), the prevention of the HIVtransmission from parents to children (PTPE) will have animportant impact on the handling of this MDGs. The growthof the sanitary offer through the recruitment, permanenttraining and the dissemination of the health staff on all theterritory on one hand, and the increase of beds for FOSAactivities, the intensification of health services throughcombination of stationary/, progressive/mobile approachesand mass campaigns will create the conditions for a bettermanagement of the infant disease and also a guarantee ofhigh impact services on the infant mortality. Finally, theeffective mobilization of both external and nationalresources (HIPC relief, Roundtable with partners) will boostthe programs of infant health in the country.

GOAL 4

15 UNICEF : the situation of the children in the world: picturesstatistics, nov.2009

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Indicator 18 : maternal death rate (maternal death for 100000 living births) Indicator 19 : proportion of childbirths assisted by thequalified health personnel

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDG

Trends and inequalities in the domain of maternalmortality

In the Central African Republic, the maternal death rate hadreached record levels while passing from 683 to 100 000living births (LV) according to the RGP of 1988 to 948 for100 000 NV in 2000 (MICS). The MICS investigation of2006 places this rate at 540 deaths for 100 000 LV.

Chart 9 : Maternal mortality Rate

This decrease is certainly important because of the startingrecord level, but actually the maternal death rate has onlylowered to 26% in relation to its level of 20 years ago, andit will be therefore difficult to achieve the MDG by 2015.The analysis of inequalities depending on the place ofresidence shows that the rural areas are more affected by thedeath of laying women than in the urban environment. Thematernal deaths occur in 86,6% of cases of direct obstetricreasons (prolonged bleeding with dystocies of which theuterine ruptures and the infections including the infectiouscomplications of the clandestine abortions). As for indirectreasons, (13,4% of the deaths), they are due to malaria andhigh blood pressure; all these causes could be avoided. In consideration of the proportion of assisted childbirths byqualified health staff, there also occurs the deterioration ofthe indicator between 1995 and 2003 respectively from 50and 44%, to slightly improve (53,4%) in 2006. Thedisparities according to the region and sex reveal thatwomen from rural areas are mostly underprivileged (35%)compared to those from the urban environment (83%).These women from regions 6, 3 and 2 are the most affectedwith respective rates of 35,2%, 42,9% and 43,6%. On theother hand, women of the region 7 (Bangui the capital city)and 1 are those whose coverage rate ranges with respectively90,8% and 58,9%.

IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

TARGET 5A : Reducing maternal mortality rate by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015

GOAL 5

Chart 10 : Rate of childbirth attended by the Qualified staff

Source: UNICEF situation of the children in the world

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES

The factors that explain the progress recorded in the domainof the fight against maternal mortality are: - The rehabilitation and the equipment of the sanitarystructures that had been smashed down during the conflictsin the same way to the recruitment and a better motivationof qualified health staff and their equitable redeployment onthe whole territory; - The growth of sensitization campaigns in the concernedcommunities (medical care in the CPN and family planningcenters, fight against precocious pregnancies, excisions…); - The implication of the community through training and theequipment of traditional midwives for precocious detectionand orientation in the better equipped centers - The integration of a crew with high impact for thereduction of maternal mortality (SONU/GATPA, anti titanicVaccination, providing the body with iron, fight againstHIV/AIDS, family planning); - The handling integration with the other health policies(fight against the HIV-AIDS and tuberculosis …); - The positive role played by the humanitarian NGOs in thesanitary field; - The mobilization of resources from partners (UNFPA,world Fund, WHO, UNICEF, etc.);- The supply of the FOSA with low cost of genericmedicines. - The programs of development of FOSA and a planning tospeed up the reduction of the maternal mortality. - The setting up of non-benefit health organization

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS

The direct causes of mortality of women during childbirth arebound to the hemorrhages during delivery, the last period ofwork of delivery, the uterine ruptures, infections and malaria.The main factors that widen their effects are of several orders.It is about: i) the low level of literacy of women that limitstheir access to IEC, the antenatal Consultation (CPN) and tofamily planning; this fact is a source of ignorance of acomplicated pregnancy that could have been handled byqualified staff, the cases of multiple and successivepregnancies; ii) the low level of income of householdslimiting the access to the services of prenatal, obstetric andpostnatal care services; iii) the insufficiency of sanitaryinfrastructures and facilities and their unbalanced distributionon the territory, mainly in disfavor of rural areas ; iv)insufficiency of qualified and specialized staffs with a greatdisparity at the expense of the countryside (4 to 5gynecologists for the whole country, and all located in thecapital city). v) In the domain of climate change, rains, and these last yearsrepetitive flooding, added to the problems of sanitation, havefavored the (multiplication of mosquitoes, the very vectorsof malaria and their ominous effects on the development ofthe pregnancies (abortions, miscarriages, health problemsduring childbirth, etc.)

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16Unicef: situation of the children in the world, 2007…

GOAL 5

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The main challenges facing Government these next yearsthat land to the in the field of the struggle against maternalmortality are: - The continuation of the rehabilitation of destroyed sanitarystructures and the construction of the new health centers andtheir best distribution on the whole country; - The backing of the existing health services (PEV, Familyplanning, CPN / CPON, PTPE). - The availability and the accessibility of the emergencyobstetric kits (childbirth kits, Caesarean kits); - The availability of packet of emergency obstetric care; - The continuation of recruitments and permanent training ofhealth personnel as well as their dissemination on the wholeterritory; - The backing of the capacities of the traditional midwiveson detection of obstetric emergencies; - The mobilization of the communities on the programs inexecution for the improvement of the maternal health, (PEV,family planning, CPN / CPoN, PTPE), the effective

involvement in routine vaccination and in the campaigns ofvaccination integrated to iron and distribution of MII; - The effective integration of the prevention of thetransmission of mother's HIV to the child (PTPE) in thepacket of activity of the CPN / CPON; - The consequent mobilization of internal resources(following the attainment of the HIPC completion point), - In mid- term, to arrive to exempt from payment womenduring childbirth and complications linked to pregnancy.

GOAL 5

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the area of the HIV/AIDS inC.A.R

Since the discoveries of the first cases ,several studies andinvestigations have been conducted as the foot led studies (from 1984 to 1988), with MICS 2000, 2002 HIVCartography. The Investigation with Multiple Informers MICS 2006(MICS III) concerning women of 15 to 49 years old and ofmen of 15 to 59 years old constitutes the present referencelevel in the country. Thus, it shows that the rate of prevalence is about 6,2% in2006, against a record rate of 15% in 2002.

Chart 11 : Rate of Prevalence of HIV

Concerning the behavior of people facing HIV/AIDS, theMICS 2006 showed that the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS for people of 15 to 24 years old has improved because55% have listed two ways of prevention and 23% haveidentified false ideas. Elsewhere, 17, 3% of youngsters of15-24 years old have been able to identify two methods ofprevention and 3 false ideas. This proportion is light upward in contrary to the MICS2000 data that had revealed respective rates of 34,9% and25% for people in the age period of 15-24 years old. One of the concrete impacts of HIV/AIDS is the increasingnumber of the orphans and other vulnerable children(OEV). The survey on the socio-economic impacts of AIDSon the development of the CAR conducted in the countrywith the support of UNDP in 2005 showed out about 143850 the number of orphans and other children living withHIV/AIDS( OEV) in 2005 that would pass to 211 000 in2015.

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FIGHT AGAINST HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHERDISEASES Target 6A : From now to 2015, must stop the propagation of HIVAIDS and start to reverse

the current trend

Target 6B : From now to 2010, ensuring the needs of those who want to have access to thetreatment against HIV/AIDS.

Indicator 24 : Rate of prevalence of the HIV/AIDS amongyoung people of 15 to 25 years old Indicator 25 : Proportion of people aged between 15 to 25years old having good knowledge on HIV/AIDS

Indicator 26 : Proportion of orphans and other children whohave been affected by the HIV/AIDS sent to school opposingthe non-orphans aged between 10 to 14 years old (%)

Indicatory 27 : Proportion of the population living withHIV infection and having access to the anti retroviralmedicaments.

GOAL 6

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Thus, 69% of orphans and other vulnerable children of 10-14 years are sent to school against 73,3% of the non orphans,so to say a parity of 0,94(17).Among the infected people according to the MICS 2006

data, 36 000 people would be in need of ARV. Thus, with theextension of the handling structures followed by themultiplication of specialists trained to handle the ARV, theproportion of people under ARV passed from 7,7% in 2006to 40% in 2009, so to say an increase of 80,8% in 3 years.Among these people, the number of children under ARV in2009 represents 4,2%.

Chart 12 : Evolution of the number of the People livingwith HIV submitted to ARV

The results of the surveys show the epidemic concernedmore women and young people. The MICS 2006 data givethe proportion of more than 50% of infected women of 15-24 years old with a rate of prevalence of 7,8% against 4,3%for men. Data also have revealed that the epidemic has a youthcharacteristics with 24,4% in the age of 15 to 24 years old.We observe that 3,7 % of people of feminine sex aged of 15-19 years old are infected against 7,8% of those between 20-24 years old. This prevalence remains higher in the samecategories of age for men with a respective rate of 0,7% and1,2 %.In all the categories above, the urban environment remainsthe area more touched with 8,3% against 4,7% for the ruralareas.The data resulted from the operational 21 VoluntaryTracking Centers (VTC) in the country between 2006-2009,reveal that the tendency as well for boys as for girls of 15-24 years old is downward even if in 2007 these data havereached their high degree.

The factors of success and the good practices are presentedas followed:The decentralization and the reinforcement of the capacitiesfor prevention and medical support-extension to all the big cities of the prefectures and to somesub-prefectures of some VTC, of some centers of preventionof transmission from parents to child ,and some sites of theprescriptions of the ARV.-decentralization of some centers of biological screeningfacilitating the access of the patients and the follow-up ofpeople living with HIV.-reinforcement of the numeric, material, and material of theprefectural technical equipments, decentralized branches ofthe national coordination of the struggle against HIV/AIDS.In addition, the results deriving from those centers showed

an evolution from people of feminine sex in 2009, while itfell for the category of masculine sex in the same period.

Chart 13 : Prevalence for youth of 15-24 years old in theVTC.

Source : Data of the VTC/CNLS

The analysis of the inequality of school attendance by theOEV and the non- OEV shows that there is a none disparityfor the feminine sex. It is in the rural area and in the poorpopulation that the disparity remains upward with 0.82 and0.77 respectively.

17 MICS 2006

GOAL 6

Proportion of people under ARV

Source: data of the program-2009 MSPPS

The analysis of the inequality of school attendance for the

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES To reduce the propagation of the HIV infection and itsimpact on the community, a national campaign has beenstarted since 1987. With the adherence of the country to theprinciple of the Three Ones, only one structure of struggleagainst HIV/ AIDS exists. It is the National committee ofStruggle against AIDS (CNLS). It is under the directLeadership of the President of Republic. There is also onesetting of intervention that is the National Strategic Body(CSN) and also one setting of Follow-up and Assessment.The factors of success and the good practices are: - The use of the channel of the Unit of Transfer of Medicinesfor the storage and the distribution of the ARV facilitatingthe tasks of the medical doctors. 3-The regular production of the reports of progress on theepidemic.-the regular productionThe factors of success and the good works are presented as

followed:1-Decentralization and Reinforcement of the capacities forprevention and medical care, -The extension to all main regional cities and Certain smalltowns tracking centers , sites of prevention of thetransmission of AIDS from parents to the children and thesites of prescriptions of the ARV;

1. On the organizational programmatic level - The CSN facilitated a visibility of the struggle whichvision is to contain and to reduce the propagation of HIVand to improve the quality of life of the infected or affectedpeople in 2010;disposal) of information on the different aspects of the

epidemic; The choice of CN/CNLS as the main beneficiary of fundsfrom the World Funds after a successful assessment of itscapacities of management;1- On the resources plan-Funds rising from the different partners such as WorldBank, Global Funds and so on.-Mobilizing Human resources for:*the training of prescriptions' medical doctors.

- Decentralization and the backing of the capacities forprevention and the medical care

2. On resources : - The mobilization of financial resources from differentpartners as the World Bank, the World Fund, etc. - The mobilization of human resources through: o The training of the physicians and other medical staff andHealth personnel on the techniques of handling PeopleLiving with the HIV (PVVIH); o The involvement of the organizations of the civil society,confessional, private and public structures. These efforts should contribute to the progress towards theMDG's even though there is a long way for consolidatingthem and for reversing the prevalence of the infection toHIV on the overall population by the vision of 2015.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS The obstacles for reaching MGD concerning the struggleagainst HIV/AIDS are numerous, but the major onesare: 1. On the organizational level: i) the insufficiency of thetechnical tray In sanitary structures that have the mission ofmedical care; ii) the weakness of the national strategy ofCommunication for Change of Behavior (CCC) in favor ofthe youths; iii) the weak cover of certain domains ofprevention such as security transfusion and the weakfunctionality of the PTPE; 2. On the environmental level: i) the existence of zones ofconflicts constitute potential pockets of persistence of riskyenvironment of HIV/ AIDS; ii) ignorance and povertyencourage propagation; iii) illiteracy; iv) the socio culturalweight. 3. On institutional level: i) the insufficiency of thecoordination of actions carved as answer. 4. On resources: vi) the insufficiency of the financial,material and human resources.

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Parity of school attendance for the OEVin contrary of the non-OEV.

Poor

rich

Group

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In consideration of the above mentioned obstacles, themain challenges the country has to be confronted with inorder to stop HIV/AIDS progression and curve itstendency are : 1. In matter of prevention: i) to develop the strategy for aCCC notably , in youths environment and to sensitize thevulnerable populations (women, men in uniform, free girls,lorry drivers, etc.) ; ii) to develop partnership with theNGO/OAC for a suitable answer,2. In terms of medical care: to reinforce, create theconditions and extend medical care of people infected andaffected in order to reach the totality of the very targets; 3. In terms of coordination: to mobilize sufficient resourcesfor the implementation of the programs; to organizeregularly operational researches on certain aspects of thenational answer in view of improving it viii) to reinforce thecoordination and the follow-up of the struggle for a better

management. In short, in the absence of recent data to testifyon the real evolution of the prevalence as well as the changeof behavior in the population targets and in consideration ofthe number of people to put under ARV, we can think that theMDG concerning the HIV is far from being reached inexception of the indicator on the schooling of the OEV.

GOAL 6

In the Central African Republic, malaria is part of thethree first reasons of morbidity and mortality,consultation and hospitalization. In spite of progress

achieved concerning the struggle against malaria, thisdisease is still murderous, especially for pregnant womenand children of less than 5 years old.

Indicator 28a : Rate of prevalence of malaria Indicator 28b : Rate of mortality by malaria Indicator 29 : Proportion of children under 5 years old whosleep under impregnated mosquito nets Indicator 30 : Proportion of feverish children under 5 yearsold following a suitable anti malaria treatment.Indicator 31a : Rate of prevalence of tuberculosis Indicator 31b : Rate of mortality by tuberculosis Indicator 32 : Proportion of cases of tuberculosis detectedand treated with success (%)

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the area of the strugglemalaria and the other diseases in CAR

The MICS surveys of 1996, 2000 and 2006 revealed that therate of prevalence was respectively of 26%, 31,8% and 22%with children of less than 5 years old.

Chart 14 : Prevalence of malaria

These surveys didn't produce information on mortalitylinked to malaria the. However, secondary data (WHO 1999Report) revealed that 19% of deaths of children were due tomalaria. What makes the malaria the second reason ofmortality for children of less than 5 years old. Actions havebeen taken in order to reduce the impact of malaria. Indeed,data of MICS 2000 and 2006 have revealed respectively that30,9% of children sleep under impregnated mosquito netsagainst 33,1% of which 5% and 15,1% only under theimpregnated mosquito nets for the period. The MICS investigation also permitted to collect data on thehandling of sick children. it appears that in 2006, thistreatment has been measured in relation to the promptness ofthe parents to react facing the disease. Thus, 41,6% ofchildren received treatments within 24 hours. The availabledata published by WHO on tuberculosis shows that with theHIV/AIDS and because of the strong rate of resistance of theBacillus of Koch (BK) to tuberculosis, it knows an upsurgeand it is part of the first 10 diseases. It is one of the firstcauses of murderous diseases among the population ingeneral, and among pregnant women and children, inparticular. The yearly risk of infection is 3%. In 2004, oneestimated to 9016 the number of new cases. This numberpassed to 4232 in 2008. The progress of the last years are tothe medicines freely distributed in sanitary centers but alsoin the community by volunteers. The evaluations on theprevalence of tuberculosis come from of the WHO 2009Report. These data present a fall in of the prevalence on aperiod of 4 years. The inflection from 2005 can be explainedby the implementation of the program financed by WorldFund

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Target 6C : From now to 2015, having mastered malaria and of other diseases and startingto reverse the tendency.

GOAL 6

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Chart 15 : Rate of prevalence of tuberculosis (%)

Source : MDG Report 2009

The evolution of the mortality rate is falling especiallyduring the last 4 years.

Chart 16 : Death rate linked to tuberculosis (%)

Source : MDG'S, Report 2009,

It is to be noted that most of these patients are successfullycured even though in 2005, this tendency was falling withless than 35% of successful treatments.

Chart 17 : Proportion of people treated with successthrough DOTS

Source : MICS 200-2006

These data show that in 2000, children from rural areas aremore exposed to this problem (34,4%) than those fromurban environment (27,7%). This tendency had beenreversed in 2006 where the urban environment becomes arisk place with 28,8% against 17,4% in rural areas. Thisparadox between the urban and rural environment is alsoobserved at the level of Children of wealthy people (27,2%)and those of poor people (17%). In consideration of treatment, 43,3% of boys against 39,6%of girls had been treated, from which 47,7% are in urbanenvironment against 35,6% in rural areas. 48,5% of thechildren of wealthy people received a treatment against32,6% of the children of poor people. The data also reveal that there is no inequality between boysand girls sleeping under mosquito nets. Meanwhile, childrensleeping under mosquito nets lived in majority in urbanenvironment (48,2%) against 19,8% in rural areas in 2000against 52,4 and 21,7 respectively, in 2006. Among them, only 5% and 15,1% sleep under impregnatedmosquito nets during this period. In 2006, the gap between the children of wealthy and poorpeople sleeping under impregnated mosquito nets is alsoimportant with a level of 20,1% and 9,9%. With regard to tuberculosis, on the 4.232 new cases undertreatment in 2008, men are more numerous (51%) than

GOAL 6

women (49%). On the other hand, in the Health RegionN°1, women seem more concerned (52%) than men (48%).The 15 to 44 year old are apparently more affected.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES The good practices and factors of success of the malariaprogram depend on: i) the change of protocol of treatmentand the use of impregnated mosquito nets for a long period,ii) the integration within the ministry of a structure in chargeof the struggle against malaria, iii) the integration of malariamedicines within low cost generics on the whole country. The tuberculosis program knew success because of: i) thereorganization and the extension of the of tracking centersand treatment of patients whose number has passed from 3to 76 since 2005, ii) the formation of the program staff iii)the equipment and the regular endowment of the centerswith necessary tools, reactive, consumables and thetuberculosis medicines and, iv) the development of thestrategy of communal approach by the implication of thevolunteers in view of tracking former patients known as“The Invisible Ones”

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGESAND CONSTRAINSTS

The main difficulties of the malaria and tuberculosisprogram are essentially linked to: i) the non availability andthe inaccessibility to the health services, ii) the bad follow-ups of treatments verging on resistances, iii) the inefficiencyof the public program of struggle against the dirt, iv) theinsufficiency of resources allocated to the services of sanity,v) the ignorance or the insufficiency of parental follow-up ofthe children since the first phase of the disease. With regard to tuberculosis, in addition to the bad Treatment,one can add the frequent shortage of medicines and thedevelopment of co-infection with HIV. The main challenges linked to the struggle against malariaare : (i) the reduction of the propagation conditions ofmalaria through acquirement and popularization of the useof impregnated mosquito nets, the implication of all sectorsand the development of the struggle against main sources ofmalaria and (ii) the improvement of the handling of malariacases by the formation of the nursing staff, the accessibilityof the patients to health centers, and to the essentialmedicines With regard to the tuberculosis, the challenges carry on: (i)the growth of the precocious tracking capacity (ii) thedevelopment of the precocious treatment of malaria casesand the struggle against the multi resistant tuberculosis, iii)the increase of the rate of treatment success by theimplication of the whole community in view on thereduction of the number of the “Invisible Ones” and, iv) themobilization of the necessary resources.

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Indicator n°33 : Proportion of land covered by forests Indicator n°34: Total Quantity of CO2 dissemination perperson and per dollars of GDPIndicator n°35 : Consumption of the substancesimpoverishing the ozone (Coefficient of chlorofluorocarbon(CFC) impoverishing the ozone layer (in ton)

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the domain of destruction ofnatural resources

With 283.136 km2 (thick forests, mosaic forest savannah),the forest cover of the Central African Republic occupieswidely speaking close to half (45,6%) of the nationalterritory, with a predominance of open forest. The closedforest, that means the set of the dense humid, semi-humidand dry forests, and gallery forests, cover about 95.500km2, so to say 15% of the territory. Only a fraction of this

closed forest is considered like forest of production, wherethe state allows authorized industrial of lumberingcertificates. It is about the bulk of Southwest, of a 3.800.000ha surface. The CAR according to the last evaluations ofFAO in 2005 Has a total surface of forests of 23.203million hectares classified as wooden soils. These data areaccompanied by an evaluation of yearly rates of change inthe extent of the forests that is steady with a loss of 0,1% offorest surfaces per year. The surface conceded to the operating forest companies isvalued to 33.200 km2 while the one classified as forests onlyreaches 6.335 km2. On 14 Permits of exploitation andplanning (PEA), only 11 are already assigned and cover atotal surface of 2.321.844 ha (source: MEFCP-FORAF,2008). However, the reforestation of degraded perimeters have notmuch evolved. The efforts remained beyond hope if oneconsiders the present deforestation rate (2500 ha/year)around important towns. There is a substantial reduction of forest surfaces in favor ofsavannahs even though this loss is compensated by the reconquest of the Eastern forest. The rate of regression of the forest formation that was of2,5% between 1980 and 1995 decreased to 2% between1995 and 2000. On the other hand the process of savannahmutation progressed slowly with a rate of 0, 01% between1990 and 1995 before passing to 0,02% in 2000. Illicit hunting and mining activities encouraged thedeterioration of the aquatic ecosystems in particular.Besides, the southeastern zone is nearly empty because ofnefarious illicit industrial hunting. For the production of greenhouse gas effect in theatmosphere, the chlorofluorocarbons 12 didn't evolve a lotthese last ten years because the import and consumption ofsubstances impoverishing the ozone layer is decreasing inCAR. Most of the dissemination of carbon dioxide (CO2)come from fossil energy (203 Giga grams or Ggs) and of thebiomass (1535 Ggs). The dissemination of the industrialprocesses are insignificant. Finally, agriculture and cattlebreeding remain the main sources of methane disseminationwhile bush fires freed 4173 Ggs of carbon monoxide (CO)in the year 2000. The dissemination of carbon dioxideremains very weak at national level in general and per

ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Target 7 A : To integrate the principles of sustainable development in national policies andto reverse the present trends of destroying environmental resources

GOAL 7

person in particular. The industrial potential of the country isvery weak to raise fear on important dissemination of CO2.However, this situation worsened with the damages causedat the time of the politico military crises that raged duringthe years 2000. The main source of dissemination of carbondioxide by households is the combustion of biomass andcombustion by engines (cars, two wheel vehicles, etc .) Allproportions don't pass 0,1 ton since 1990 until 2004. Fromhere to 2015, this figure can fall by half.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES (7.007.000.380) Franc CFAS were funded directly in theconservancy of forests and the biodiversity. These multiforminterventions served to achieve multi-resources inventories,the struggle wanton hunters, sensitization, the backing of thecapacities of the main actors in term of natural resourcemanagement and in activities generating incomes; - 11 PEA out of 14 are under definitive or temporaryconvention - The ratification of several potential Multilateral Agreementson Environment (EMA); - The Capitalization of gains from the Bangassou Project thathas authorized the introduction of the principles of highlydecentralized management of natural resources in the units ofexisting forest management or forests to be created; - The enactment of the Law N° 07.018 of the 28/12/2008, Onthe new Environment Code of the country; - The enactment of the Law N° 08.022 of the 17/10/2008, Onthe New Forest Code of the country; - The creation of participative management and communalforests The importance due to the opinions of the local populations

in all act regarding protected areas; - The creation of an independent observer in all process ofassignment of new PEA; - Development of the National Action Plan for Adaptation(PANA)- The Development of the Document for the Reduction ofDissemination of Deforestation and t Deterioration of theForests (REDD). - The signature of key application texts on the Code ofEnvironment and Forest; - The ratification and the application of the agreementbetween the Government and BIVAC of policies related tosecurity of forest incomes.

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3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS Among the constraints that slow down the efficient settingup of the policy of reforestation and the struggle against gaswith greenhouse effect, one can retain (i) the non applicationof criteria and indicators that have been defined for themanagement of forests and (ii) the non availability offinancial , human, technical and infrastructural resources. The main challenges to tackle for an efficient protection ofthe environment can be summed up as: (i) the mobilization

of the sufficient financial resources to launch the programsPANA and REDD, (ii) the management of at least 85% ofrecognized forests by the Project of Management of theNatural Resources (PARN) on the basis of the recognizedcriteria and indicators and (iii) the endowment of 100% ofthe permits of exploitation and planning (PEA) with forestprograms.

GOAL 7

Indicator n°36 : Proportion of stocks of fish in the securebiological limits.Indicator n°37 : Proportion of use of total quantity ofresources in water. Indicator n°38 : Proportion of protected ground regions Indicator n°39 : Proportion of endangered species

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in biological diversity

From its position over the Congo-Guinean domain to thesouth and Sahel-Sudan to the north, the CAR is endowedwith diversity of habitats. This asset confers it a flora avaried and rich fauna. It counts 3602 of plant species, 209mammal variety and 668 variety of birds18. Aquatic fauna is distributed between two main hydrographicbasins of the Central African Republic (former Ubangi andChari). These basins have a diversity of fish On biological diversity, according to FAO magazine FishingSector and Aquaculture of 1996, the Chari basin shelters 118varieties of fish against 41 only in the of the Ubangi basinthat regrouped 24 families. About birds, this same surveyrevealed that 38 birds were submitted to water. In 1990 thestudy conducted by Welcome (1990) put in evidence thatthe Ubangi basin sheltered close to 260 varieties on 25families of counted fish, while the Chari counted about 195for 27 families of fishThe potential production of fish can be estimated between20 000 and 50 000 t/year (Welcome, 1976). This numbervaries according to climatic conditions.

Table 2 : Compared situation of fish production in CAR

Source : Magazine of the sector of the fishings and theaquaculture, Circular of FAO on the Fishingn°912/FIPP/C912, Rome, July 1996.

The diversity of the species is linked to the importance ofthe hydrographic network. This hydrographic network isconstituted of sixteen (16) interior basins and three (3)international hydrographic basins represented by the basinsof Oubangui (499.000 km2), of the Sangha (73.000 km2)and of the Chari-Logone (210. 000 km2). The volume of available waters on surface is estimated to47,130 billions of m2/year, while the quantity ofunderground waters is nearly 34 billions of m2/year. Only4% of the volume of waters on surface and the undergroundwaters are used. Also, the CAR plays the role of water tower for the CHADLake where its waters contribute to feed it at height of 85%.

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TARGET 7 B :To reduce the impoverishment of biologic diversity and to bring back the rateat a sensitively lower level by 2015.

18 source: UICN 1987

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,

The national territory is divided in Zone of Touristic interest(ZIC), 270.000 km2, so to say 47% and in ordinary zone352.000 km2, so to say 53%. To protect its biologicaldiversity the CAR created protected areas with 16 protectedareas of which 5 national parks, 1 integral reserve, 2 multi-purpose special reserves, 1 presidential park, 2 biospherereserves, 1 site of world heritage, and 7 reserves of fauna.The whole network covers a surface of 68.142 km2Corresponding to 11% of the national territory (includingthe National Park of MBaéré-Bodingué created in 2006).The sectors of leased hunting (47) cover a total surface of79.318 km2(MEFCP-FORAF, 2008). Eleven (11) zones forlocal hunting are operational. .

Map: Network of the areas protected in the Central AfricanRepublic.

The protective system of areas protected is very uncertainbecause of the means hired in their protection. One can notethat the entities of southwest are more viable than those inthe north that are constantly exposed to big scale illicithunting. The National Parks of Dzanga-NDoki (WWF) andof MBaéré-Bodingué ( European Union), seem more stablefor the time being. However, the National Park of Manovo-Gounda St Floris that was until 2008 the best in the field ofconservation has been invaded by foreign hunters andarmed groups. The precarity of the system of the protected areas and theirconservation puts in peril certain vegetal and animal species,according to the WCMC19, the CAR counts 1010 species ofamphibian, birds, mammalian and reptilian, of which 1%would be endemic and 1,5% threatened. However, theInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature and itsResources (UICN) counts 224 species of mammalians inCAR, of which none is in critical situation. Meanwhile, 4are classified in danger, 8, vulnerable and 9 threatened withextinction

Framed N°3 : The International Commission ofthe basin of the Congo Oubangui-Sangha The International Commission of the basin of theCongo Oubangui-Sangha (C.I.C.O.S) has beencreated November 17, 1999 in order to reinforcethe cross-boundaries management of resources inwater between the four riparian countries that,together, compose 85,3% of the hydrologic basinof Congo: RDC, Congo, Cameroon and CentralAfrican Republic . The original agreement,ratified identified the navigation intern as being akey objective for the regional development. In2007, one, amendment that pushes themanagement integrated of the resources in water(Integrated Water Resources IRWM management)has been ratified. The main objective of someCICOS is an improvement of the resourcemanagement water based on common strategiesthat encourage the commercial and economicdevelopment of all, while fighting against thepollution and while adhering to the principles ofthe resource management in water. Theinstitutional setting of the CICOS is composed oftwo organisms: (1) the ministerial committee,which, acts as organ of decision and (2) thecommittee of management, that acts asconsultative organ or leading committee. Source: The Forests of the Basin of the Congo-State of the Forests 2008. p149

19 Report on Congo Basin Forest, 2008

GOAL 7

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES Among the best practices concerning protection of thebiodiversity initiated by the Government, one can mentionthe projects and programs initiated for the protection ofareas of conservation in particular and the biodiversity ingeneral. It is about the Project DZANGASANGHA, theECOFAC-NGOTTO Program and ECOFAC-PDZCV. TheProject of the Development of the Hunting Zones By localPopulations (PDZCV) remains the more successful exampleconcerning resource management of wild fauna with theinvolvement of the local populations. There are also theProject of the Bangassou Forest and the Strategy Project andAction Plan for the conservation of Biodiversity that haveboth Project proposed the creation of the new protectedareas. The Bangassou Project, although coming to an end, ,succeeded in creating co-management approach. Importancemust also be given to the Network of NGOs forenvironment and Durable Development (RONGEDD),protected the micro-finances as tools for the durablemanagement decentralized and protected areas. Besides, the syndicate of the WWF-International is the firstpartner who helped the government to introduce the notionof participative management of protected areas, developedthe I.E.C and put in practice the concept of equitable shareof earnings coming from the exploitation of biodiversity inthe country. . The Project has supported the localcommunities of Bayanga and Lindjombo to set up theCommunal association of Yobé - Sangha (A.C.Y.S) and theCommittee for Development of Bayanga (C.D.B). Finally,the opening of an account of investment in the names offorest communities in the books of the Bank for CentralAfrican States(BEAC) is beneficial measure taken by the

Government to incite the local populations to to keep thebiologic diversity for a long time.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGESAND CONSTRAINSTS

To be able to preserve the future of the protected areas andto maintain their potentialities, it will be necessary to get ridof many hidranse such as:- insecurity and the proliferation of the weapons andhunting ammunitions in certain zones of interest ; - The lack of financial means and human resources toorganize the protection of these areas; - The poaching and the illicit trade of the protected animals; - The lack of adherence of the local populations engaged indaily survival activities because speeches are not sufficientto convince them. The main challenges for the future are: (i) the developmentof a world partnership through ratification of theinternational legal instruments, (ii) the endowment of allManagement Licenses (PEA) in management programs,(iii) the backing of protection, the management of the ofintegrated Units, (iv) the implication of local populationsand management decentralized resources. It is only underthese conditions that the areas of biodiversity have been ableto increase their proportion progressively of 11% in 2000 to13,6% in 2010 and 15% in 2015, (v) the revision of thefauna Code (vi), the development of the document ofstrategy and action plan of fauna and the hunting and (vii),the revision of the National Environmental Plan(PNAE).

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Indicator n°39 : Proportion of the population using a bettersource of drinking water Indicator n°40 : Proportion of the population using bettersanity services

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDG Trends and inequalities in access to drinking water andbasic sanity

Proportion of the population having access to a source ofdrinking water is in globally rising without consideration toarea of residency. In the national context, it rose from 18%in 1990 to 34.7% in 2008. During two decades, this ratefluctuated a lot due to the military conflict experienced bythe country between 1996 and 2003, moving from 29% en2000 to 26% in 2006 and then to 23,7% in 200820 21.

Chart 19 : Proportion of the population using a bettersource of drinking water

Source : ECASEB survey, 2008

Concerning access to sanity, the coverage rate rose from14% in 2007 to less than 35% in 2006. In relation to health,sicknesses caused by hydritical and fecal factors remains themain cause of infant mortality and morbidity in poordistricts and rural areas.

Chart 18 : Proportion of the population using a better sanitysystem

Source OMD Rapport 2009

Concerning the inequalities, the situation is more serious forthe populations living in rural areas. In the urban area, theeight (08) water conducting systems and the 250 foragesequipped with manual pumps contributed to raise theproportion by 19 points passing from 18% in 1990 to 36,9%in 2008 i.e. an average of 1 point per year. The supply ofdrinking water is ensured in the seven cities of rear countryand Bangui mainly by the single Company of Water Supply

TARGET 7 C :To reduce by the half and by 2015, the proportion of the population who doesn'thave a durable access to cleaned drinking water and basic sanitation.

20 Source : DGH 200821 Source : DGH 2008

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in CAR (SODECA) whose capacity is extensivelyinsufficient to answer the demand of the populations. Inrural areas, the need is of 16 points while passing from 18%in 1990 to 34% , this corresponds to an average per year ofless than one (1). This result remains insufficient in spite ofthe supplementary realization of 3 064 equipped waterpumps of which 20% of the pumps are out of use and 450modern wells and sources arranged. If the present tendencymaintains itself, it will be at least 58% of the population whowon't always have access to the drinking water from here to2015.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES Several favorable factors influenced the results obtained inthis sector. It is about : • The effects of reform make them committed in the sectorby the Government since 2003 with the adoption of thepaper of Policy and National Strategies on Water and Sanity(PSNEA) and of Water Code. The elaboration in 2009 a sectorial plan for water and of andsanity and a consequent financing for 2008-2015 will allowa better orientation toward the attainment of the millenniumobjectives for development. The organization of the sectorial round table on water and ofSanity in October 2009 knew the involvement of severalpartners in development who committed themselves tofinance the sectorial action plan which total amount rises to110 billions of FCFA or 234 millions $US. - The existence around water zones of a Committee ofmanagement and the repairing craftsmen trained in toassuring the maintenance of water pumps. - The dynamism of the nongovernmental organizations insetting up mobilization of the international aid in favor ofhumanitarian emergency and recovery in the domain ofprovision in drinking water and sanity. - The implication of Townships in the management of thepublic works (latrines and public WATER-CLOSETS.). - The involvement of the community in the realization ofworks of basic water and sanity (LTA and VIP); - The implication of the private sector in the management ofsolid garbage.

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS Several factors are at the origin of the weak rate of access todrinking water and sanity and the slow rate of evolution ofthe indicators. The main reasons that hinder provision indrinking water and the access to one adequate system ofpurification are: Concerning drinking water: • The institutional and organizational weaknesses linked tothe insufficiency of coordination of stakeholders andinterventions• The insufficiency of the management system andmaintenance of hand manned pumps; • The insufficiency of the financial resources to meet theneeds of provision in drinking water and to the renewals offacilities of water adduction in minor cities of thecountry(22).

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• The very strong dependence on external financial aid thatfell down in part during the last decade for partly financialcrisis reason; • The high cost of investment of the hydraulic infrastructuresand equipments that are mostly imported. • The insufficiency of qualified human resources. • The low level of urbanization of the country The strategy adopted for the improvement of the access of aGreat number of people to drinking water, in particular themost underprivileged ones is to endow in rural areas allvillages of more than 300 inhabitants of a modern point ofwater at the rate of 20 liters per person per day and to set inall cities of more than 10 thousand inhabitants a systems ofwater adduction at the rate of 35 liters per person and perday. To reach this goal, several challenges are to be tackled. Notably: (i) to assure a better management and coordinationvarious actions initiated, (ii) to help a better appropriationof the infrastructures by the populations, (iii) to set amechanism of cost recovery in order to guarantee theperpetuation of the project, (iv) to make operational theoptions of liberalization and of decentralization in order toincrease investments in the sector, (v) to increase the Statein the financial provision in the sector of 1% to 5% out ofthe budget from now to2015 and (vi) to urbanize thedifferent districts.

Concerning sanity: • The non-existence of an appropriate institutional and legalsetting ; • The partial management of the sector and absence ofcoordination of the activities; • The weakness of the investments linked to the lowfinancial mobilization that cannotAllow to improve appreciably the access of a greater numberof people to safe environment; • The weak part of national resources affected to basicsanity; • The excessive cost of imported materials and the weakpopularization of low cost local technology; • The lack of a coherent political setting of a coherentmanagement system of water and sanity issues. The main challenges to tackle in order to give thepopulations access to adequate sanity service are : • To increase the investments in the sector; • To improve the coordination and the management of the

sector; • To reinforce the institutional and legal environment; • To associate the private sector.

22 Face à la croissance économique négative pendant ces dix dernièresannées, le budget alloué par l’Etat à ce secteur est resté en-dessous de labarre de 2%, alors que les besoins liés à la croissance démographique sontcroissants

GOAL 7

Indicator n°42 : Ratio Net Foreign Aid to Gross NationRevenue of the donor countries members of ACD/OECD(target: 0.7% total and 0.15% for LAC)Indicator n°43 : Proportion of bilateral and sectorialForeign Aid of the donor countries members of ACD/OECDdedicated to social services (primary education, health, food,drinking water and sanityIndicator n°45 : Ratio Foreign Aid received to GrossNation RevenueIndicator n°46 : Ratio Foreign dedicated to theTransportation sector in CAR

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in using the foreign Aid in CAR

The trends of the aid in CAR has been growing further to thepolitical change occurred after march 2003.The trends allowthe observation that aid rose from 126 million USD in 2003up to 317 million USD in 2009 in spite of a small fall in2004 where it was 81 million USD.The external assistance presents some encouraging figures.In fact, in 2008,some agreements of an amount of 320million USD had been signed and 295 million USD hadbeen effectively supplied by donors. This amount rose by20% compared to 2007. In the amount available, 150 millionUSD has been dedicated to development projects (51%) and91 million USD (31%) to humanitarian actions. The amountleft is shared between Budgetary support and debt relief

(18%) and Technical Cooperation (12%). It is noticed that233 million USD had been managed by ImplementingAgencies and NGOs.Concerning the aid for development, the agreements signedin 2008 was about an amount of 226 million USD of which204 was available. The resul is that: (i) the contributions ofthe multilateral institutions was important (90% of the aid),(ii) expenses of an amount of 176 million USD had beenexecuted by Implementing Agencies and NGOs, and (iii)only 20% of the aid for development had been orientedtowards activities out of Bangui.The Humanitarian aid in 2008benefitted from actionsinitiated in 2007 and was three times higher than in 2006. 90million USD out of 95 was available. Actions from newdonors allowed mobilizing additional resources. It is noticedthat 66 million USD (28%) had been executed byImplementing Agencies and NGOs.

Chart 19 : Aid for Development

During the year 2009, the development aid has begun tostabilize while the humanitarian assistance seems to squeezeup; it is attributable to the return of the security and of peacein those areas that have known conflicts. The analysis of aiddistribution permits to note that there is a big disparity. Onenotices that 62,18% of aid of interventions is ofhumanitarian type and 32,82% are of development type.Besides, 21,67% of the humanitarian projects are localizedin the prefecture of Ouham, 18,33% in the prefecture of theOuham Pendé as well as in Vakaga and 11,67% in NanaGribizi. It explains is due to Security situation in these

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DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Target 8B : Response to the specific needs of Least Advanced Countries

GOAL 8

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zones making difficult the conditions of life of thepopulations of these localities. Humanitarian projects ofemergency are set up to bring necessary assistance to thepopulations in need. It also appears that 23,29% of thedevelopment projects are localized in Banguis and 9,59% inthe Sangha Mbaéré and Upper Mbomou; this last prefectureis a zone that knew a militaro political crisis.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES The CAR has a Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP2008-2010), that has been presented to the partners at thetime of the round-table conference of Brussels in October2007. This paper constitutes the single reference frameworkfor all interventions by the government and partners in thefield of poverty reduction. Till today, more than 653,8Millions of dollars have been mobilized in the setting of theDSRP. From the DSRP, the Government also elaboratedseveral sectorial strategies that permitted the organization ofthe sectorial round tables in the domains of Trade,education, the Reform of security, and water supply andsanity. These mini round-tables permitted to sensitize thepartners and show them the needs of financing othersectors. Other factor of success for the country in the setting ofmobilization of resources is the backing of the projects ofinfrastructures by the sub- regional organization ofCEMAC.

Indeed, the preparation and the coordination of certainprojects of the country by CEMAC permitted to mobilizeresources from partners. It is mainly about of theconstructional projects of the roads building andimprovement of road contacts of the country towardCameroon and Chad. The improvement of public financial management andmoralization of the civil servants and State's gents helped tore establish confidence from partners in as far as budgetassistance to the country is concerned. Besides, the reform of Public Markets, coupled with thecreation of a Regulation Authority for Public Markets andthe setting i constitute a pledge of transparency in this sector. Finally, the setting up of an effective system ofinstantaneous management of information on aids with thebeginning of functioning of DAD data base permitted toinvolve the partners in the follow-up of the announcements,liabilities and payment mechanisms in favor of CAR.

GOAL 8

3. BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGES ANDCONSTRAINSTS Even though the main partners of the CAR increased theiraid to the country between 2007-2008, the needs forfinancial resources remain superior to the mobilizedresources and the number of active bilateral partners in RCAremains weak. The main constraining factors are: (i) The absence of onestrategy of mobilization of resources from traditional andnon traditional partners, (ii) a weak coordination of theexternal aid, (iii) the weakness of mechanisms of follow-upand control of the State's resources, (iv) the low level ofmobilization of funds owned to the State, (vi) the absence ofharmonization of partners' procedures, (vii) the absence ofaid predictability and, (viii) the non implication of theorganizations of the civil society as alternative formobilization of funds. In spite of the efforts for aid coordination, the CAR is,according to the OECD, far from satisfying the goals of theDeclaration of Paris notably in terms of appropriation andmanagement of the public finances. The main challengesfacing the RCAR are: (i) The effective implementation ofthe declaration of Paris on the efficiency of aid; (ii) Thedevelopment and implementation of an efficient strategy ofmobilization of the resources; (iii) The continuation ofimprovement of the system of aid coordination; (iv) Theimprovement of the budgetary management tools (CDMT,PAP, etc); (v) the accountability of effective aid donationin the budget; (vi) the alignment of the partners on nationalprocedures; (vii) the use of common tools by the donors;(viii) the backing of the statistical capacities, and thecreation of a mutual assessment system and (ix) thedevelopment of the PRSP II.

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Indicator 51 : Proportion of bilateral debts towards theofficial creditors who have been cancelled.Indicator 52 : Service of debt in percentage of theexploitations of goods and services.Indicator 54 : Reaching some points of decision and of thefulfillment of PPTE initiative.

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDG

Trends and inequalities in the treatment of the Central

African debt.

The stock of contracted external debt and the guarantee bythe Government at the end of 2007 rose up US $ 856 millionin Net Current Value (NCV).That represented 470% of theexportations of goods and services. In other way, CentralAfrican Republic was eligible for a debt reduction in title ofcounter Exportations of the PPTE initiative because its ratioof NCV of the debt crossed the threshold of 150%.After reaching the point of decision of PPTE initiative, theInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) has provided CentralAfrica with a backup assistance. So the IMF has cleaned up70,8% of some held obligations in 2008 (abolition of 3,467million of DTS).By attaining the point of fulfillment PPTE initiativereinforced on June 30 2009, the Central African Republichas received a reduction of its debt agreed by all thecreditors about 67,5 % of the external debt of the eligibleend of 2006.Which one represents a total amount of US $ 578 million inNet Current Value (NCV) of the end 2006. In nominal terms,the abolition was equal to US $ 827 million from which US$ 454 million by the bilateral creditors and US $ 373 millionby the multilateral and commercial creditors.Concerning the multilateral creditors, the reduction is aboutUS $ 207 million in NCV from the InternationalDevelopment Association (IDA) to US $ 26,77 million fromIMF and US $ 84,7 million in NCV at the end of 2006 fromthe African Bank for Development (ABD).In fact, the attaining of the point of achievement of the PPTEinitiative has permitted to Central African Republic to beeligible for the multilateral debt reduction (IADM). In this

frame ,IDA ,IMF and the African Bank for Development hasgiven a debt reduction of US $ 163 million in NCV. Thisrepresents a nominal value of US $ 297 million in title of theservice of debt held by Central African to the threemultilateral institutions. By the following, IFM hascancelled all the stock of debt held at the end of December2004 that is US $ 2,9 million; IDA has abolished the stockof debt cashed out before the end of 2003 and still held inJune 2009 that is US $ 98,7 million.Elsewhere, Central African Republic has received anabolition of US $ 49,2 million on the stock of debt held bythe Paris Club Creditors.In addition, these same creditors are engaged in bilateralway and on a voluntary basis to cancel extra US $ 6,5million. Out of the agreement with Paris Club, China hascancelled two borrowings representing 29% of theincurrence of the stock and South Africa has cancelled theincurrence of the 100% of the Central African debt.The consideration of all these reductions has permitted tobring back the service of debt of US $ 52,9 million to US $8,3 million in 2009 and from US $ 52 million to US $ 6,9million in 2010.All the multilateral creditors and the Paris Club creditorsincluding certain bilateral creditors were available to sign anagreement concerning the CAR's debt reduction.Meanwhile certain multilateral creditors who representedless than 3% of the Central African debt did not agree withthe total of their part of debt reduction because of someinstitutional constraints.In addition, although Central African Republic is making aneffort to get some bilateral creditors out of the Paris Cluband some commercial creditors a comparable treatment tothe one agreed by the Paris club it seems that some creditorsdid not take part in the meeting.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICES

Central African Republic has set down in a satisfactory waysome programs of reform supported by the Facility ofPoverty Reduction and the Growth (FPRG) 2007-2009 ofthe International Monetary Fund (IMF).The fourth review ofFPRG conducted in April 2009 including theimplementation of the beginners of the PPTE Initiativejudged satisfactory the Institutions of Bretton Woods has

Target 8 D: Resolve widely the problem of debts of developing countries through someproper measures on national and international plan to render these debts viable further.

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permitted to Central African Republic to reach the point ofachievement of the PPTE initiative in June 2009. Inaddition, the plea led by the Government near certainbilateral Fund donors has allowed Him to mobilizeadditional resources for the financing of his strategy ofPoverty reduction.Elsewhere, the macroeconomic management has beentranslated by a good performance in the framework of themultilateral monitoring in matter economic al convergenceof Central Africa Economical and Monetary Community(CEMAC).

3. BOTTLENECKS AND CHALLENGESAND CONSTRAINTS.Despite all the reductions, the analysis of the bear ability ofthe granted debt by the IMF and the World Bank shows thatthe key-indicators of the external debt although they havebeen improved, always remain above the eligible levels inthe medium term . The Net current Value (VAN) of the ratioof the debt on the exportations is above the level of 100% in2009 and the ratio service of debt on the exportationsremains high (between 18,6 % and 10,6 %) because of theexportations drop caused the financial crisis.( inside the Chart)Debt on the Exportations service(%)The main constraints tied to the long term viability of theCentral African debt are: (i) the weak competition of thenational Economy; (ii) the strong dependence of theEconomy on the international market rate of raw materialssuch as diamonds, woods, coffee, and cotton; (iii)narrowness of the exportations basis.

The Main challenges to ensure the sustainability of the debtare: (i) to lead a prudent budgetary policy;(ii) to contractconcessional debts;(iii) to get integral reduction of debtsfrom all the creditors including the bilateral creditors notmembers of the Paris club and the commercial creditors;(iv)reinforcing the exportations basis and the takings in order toprotect the deterioration of the dynamics of the debt.

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Indicator 56 : Telephone lines for 1000 people; Indicator 57: Subscribers to the cellular for 1000 people; Indicatory 58: Internets users for 1000 people.

1. TRENDS TOWARDS THEACHIEVEMENT OF THE MDGTrends and inequalities in the dissemination of newtechnology of information and communication in C.A.R. The services of basic telecommunications and technologiesof information and the communication (ICT) are verylimited, with 145,74 subscribers on the mobile phone by1000 inhabitants in 2007 compared to the average of 284,35in Africa; 2,65 stationary telephone lines by 1000inhabitants compared to 31,75 in Africa, and 8,18 internetusers by 1000 inhabitants compared to 54,22 in Africa. Thecountry is covered by five international telecommunicationnetworks, namely SOCATEL, TELECEL, MOOV,ORANGE and NATIONLINK: i) the global television-density is 15.13 percent, with 5000 stationary lines and600.000 mobile lines in 2008; ii) the coverage rate of thepopulation in internal mobile telephony is 30 percent; iii)only eight cities are connected to the stationary network; iv)six regional towns out of the 16 have a web connection ofless than one megabit per second per capita; v)administrations and enterprises use very little dataprocessing and tele-data processing; vi) the needs for aspecialized manpower in the domain of new technologies ofinformation and communication (NTIC) are not covered. Because of the basic low level of development of thenetwork, the access to the New Technology of Informationand Communication is only possible in Bangui and certaincities. The C.A.R. currently counts about 1800 Websubscribers, 20 private Cybercafés and two training centersoffering access to internet. To make it good, steering projectshave been implemented to serve the provinces, the urbanzones in priority, with a numerical Community Center bytown. Five of these projects are functioning in Bambari,Berberati, Bouar, Bossangoa, and Bangassou. Other centersare planned thanks to the French cooperation financing.

2. THE GOOD PRACTICESWith a view to alleviating the above mentioned constraints,the Government undertook reforms during the three lastyears to endow the sector with a coherent legal frameworkin order to guarantee the development of basicinfrastructures and to assure the service for the wholepopulation. These reforms mainly rely on the followingtexts: i) the document of sectorial policy entitled "Policy,Strategies and Action Plan for the Edification of the

Target 8F. Making the advantages of the new technologies, in particular the informationand communication technologies accessible to all people in cooperation with the private sector.

Framed N° 6 : Integration of the Informationand Communication Technologies into theCentral African Education System

In January, 2007, the PANAF project (integration ofthe Information and Communication Technologyinto the Central African education System) hasconducted a study on the pedagogical integration ofthe ICT in ten schools of the Central AfricanRepublic. The study concerns ten public and privateschools among which one primary and sixsecondary schools, and three higher educationalestablishments, with 15939 learners. The resultsreveal a ratio of 148 learners per computer. In thesecondary school, the ratio falls to 308 students percomputer. For the use of the ICT in the educationalactivities, 46,7% of the educators have access to thecomputer versus 30,3% for the learners. All the fiveprivate schools and the two public schools as wellalready incorporate the ICT in the courses program.Educators of 8 out of 10 schools admit that the ICThelp to plan the teachings thanks to thecomputerized lesson plan. In spite of those statistics, the study reveals that theaccess to the ICT is still weak in the Central Africanteaching establishments. Their use by the educatorsand the learners is effective but very limited. Allthis shows the inexistence of a national policy of theintegration of the ICT into the educational system,the insufficient number of trainers in computer, aninexistent or less efficient maintenance service, thefrequent power cut, the high cost of connexion, andthe weak output.Source : C.A.R. Report PANAF (Phase I: 2007-2008)

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Information company in the Central African Republic”,promulgated in August 2006; ii) Law n° 07.020 ofDecember 28, 2007, on the regulation of Telecoms inC.A.R.; iii) Law n° 07.021 of December 28, 2007, on taxesand royalties concerning the establishment and/orexploitation of networks and services on all the wholenational territory.

BOTTLENECKS, CHALLENGESAND CONSTRAINTS The dissemination of telecommunications networks, Internetand the information technologies in C.A.R., requires anaccess to electricity, the infrastructures of which are hardlydeveloped. The" numeric ditch" reported by the UnitedNations finds in the Central African Republic a strongparameter of expression in consideration of the rate ofaccess to electricity (3%) and telephone. The true problem oftelecommunication infrastructures in the Central AfricanRepublic remains the weakness of the transportationnetwork. This situation penalizes the interconnection. Consequently, the main obstacles to the development of theTIC are: - very high cost of facilities due to a strong tax system; - weak geographical extension; - low connection speed; - lack of source of energy in the rural areas; - rarity of financing; - needs of a specialized manpower in the domain of the newtechnologies of information and communication (NTIC).

Besides, it is necessary to notice that there is no e-mailaddress known as “CF”. However, it is admitted that

households with a certain purchasing power don't benefitfrom any program of initiation of the communication andtelecommunication tools.

The main challenges to take up will consist in: (i) extendingthe GSM telephone network to all cities and rural areaswhile improving the quality of the services; (ii) reducing thecost of access to telephone; (iii) encouraging the access tothe new information technologies while taking into accountthe impact of globalization; (iv) creating an appropriatelylegal framework in order to promote investment in thesector and to improve the supply and quality of the services;(v) participating in the implementation of the optical fiberRegional project, phase I (C.A.R., Cameroon and Chad)that consists in achieving a Sub-regional infrastructure ofwide range of transportation in optical fiber joining Banguito Maédougou (Cameroon) on the pipeline connecting Kribi(Cameroon) to Doba (Chad) and offering the possibility tothe C.A.R. to be connected to the terminal station of theintercontinental submarine cable SAT - 3 / WASC with alow cost and to benefit from the supply in broadbandinternet..

GOAL 8

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NEW CHALLENGESTHE IMPACT OF GLOBAL CRISESAND CLIMATE CHANGE ON MDGS IN CAR

Recent world crises characterized by the increase of Pricesof basic commodities, the increase of hydrocarbons, thefinancial crisis and the effects of the climatic change on theenvironment had the repercussions on the performance ofthe OMD in CAR.

4. IMPACTS OF THE GLOBAL CRISESON THE PROGESS TOWARDS MDGSIN CAR

The recent international financial crisis constituted anenormous shock for the CAR in the very moment where thecountry embraces the dynamics of the struggle againstpoverty. Its damaged the substantial progress recorded theselast three years and accentuated the effects of the rocketingincrease of oil prices and those of world food crisis on thenational economy. Indeed, the crisis had had a negativeimpact on financing of certain social sectors (education,health) because the expected external financial assistanceregarding these sectors knew some decreasing adjustments. As for the increase in oil prices, it had a direct impact onhouseholds (rate of inflation in 2008 is 9,3%). Most of foodstuffs and manufactured goods became inaccessible,pushing thus most vulnerable populations in extremepoverty. Consequently, the closing of certain forest and miningsocieties in Lobaye, Sangha-Mbaéré, Mambéré-Kadeï andthe Haute Kotto have had immediate consequences on theconditions of life of households, amplifying theirvulnerability. Parents living in these zones felt difficulties insupporting school fees in private schools. The closing ofwood factories also caused the rarefaction of the sawing onthe market and the difficulty to equip the schools withpupils' seats. Besides, the closing of 05 diamond societies has driven thedecrease of incomes of the workers in south-west regions,causing thus malnutrition of the children. The situation of massive unemployment in these zonesincreases also the risk of debauchery, determining factor for

the propagation of the HIV /AIDS. Thus, these are thehouseholds having to take care of infected and/or affectedpeople that are more exposed because of high costs linked tothe disease. As far as the external position of the country isconcerned, the situation is critical after the crisis because ofthe vulnerability of the country and its dependence oncertain export products (timber, diamonds). The balance ofthe checking account (included public transfers), structurallyshows a deficit, Passing from -6,1% of the GDP in 2007 to-8,8% in 2008, to fall at -9,9% in 2009. The commercialbalance usually in deficit worsened representing -7,8% ofthe GDP in 2008 because of the decrease of the worlddemand and of the prices of raw materials that resulted indwindling of the economic activity in the sectors of woodand diamonds that represented about 82% of the exports.Services also know deficits because of high costs of serviceslinked to transportation and imports The vulnerability of the external position of the country canbe traced through fluctuations of its the official reserves. However, the international crisis didn't only haveunfavorable effects for the CAR. It is right to note that inspite of the international context of crisis, the sector of waterknew a progressive return of partners through the FacilityACP/UE on water and the African Facility of Water. In theframework of answer of the international community toattenuate the effects of the crises and more especially foodcrisis, the CAR benefitted from a financial support of 21,5millions of DTS as grants of the ABD (4,5 millions ofdollars), 10 million dollars from of the European Union and7 million dollars from the World Bank. In the same way, the doubling of the capital of the IMF,settled at the time of the of the G8 Summit in London to helppoor countries to face the effects of the crisis allowed theCAR to benefit from 44 millions of DTS of additionalforeign exchange reserves.

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5. IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGEON THE PROGRESS TOWARDS MDGSIN CAR The effects of the climatic warming up consecutive to thedestruction of the ozone layer that protects the earth hasbeen felt in CAR these last years by climatic disruptionsthat led to heavy rains and flooding especially in thecapital city Bangui. The flooding of these last years inBangui consecutive to torrential rains caused manycasualties and led many people without shelter living inbad hygienic conditions. The floods caused over flow oflatrines whose out-flows mixed with of rain water andwells that entailed an increase of the diarrheic illnessesfrom of water origin and Sharp Respiratory Infections(SRI). Besides, water stagnation, coupled by an increase ofthe, temperature encourages the multiplication of themosquitoes, the very vector of malaria.

The regrouping of people who suffered this disaster onprecarious sites (without latrine, without current water,etc.) verged on promiscuity with consequences such asmultiplication of infectious illnesses and diseases of waterorigin. The children are the main victims of this situation.The torrential rains accompanied by violent windsregularly carry away the roofs of the schools, obliging theclosing of class rooms. In some cases, desperatehouseholds occupy class rooms spontaneously, causingdisruption of normal school activities. Specifically in 2009,in the city of Bangui, more than 15.000 people lost theirhouses. Among them, more than 6000 have been displacedand live now in complete destitution, especially womenand children.

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CONCLUSION

The present national report of the Monitoring of MDGs isessentially realized with data from the Central AfricanSurvey for Welfare Follow-up Assessment (ECASEB)conducted in 2008 and published in 2009. It also rests on thesurvey on Global Analysis of Vulnerability and FoodSecurity (AGVSA) conducted in 2009 and on routine datacollected from national administrations. The monitoring of the MDGs requires sets of reliable andavailable data on the concerned domains. Till today, the,national information system is not well organized andefficient. This fact put the true problem of availability and ofreliability of data. The principle of the disintegration of databy sex, age and social categories is not yet mastered. Considering this weakness of the national statistical serviceto provide disintegrated data regularly on poverty, theelaboration of the national report of the monitoring of theMDGs is often connected to the surveys initiated in thecountry with the help of external partners. These differentoperations often conducted to answer the preoccupations ofassessment of programs from partners don't often cope withthe OMD reports. Considering the variety of methodologiesand approaches used for the realization of theseinvestigations on the one hand, and of the great difference inthe size of sample, s on the other hand, it is quite perilous tocompare data in both time and space. Concerning data of routines, in exception of the statisticsservices of Education and Health Ministries that possess anational system of information represented at all levels(district, region and central), the other sectors of the OMDdon't have any tools of data collection, treatment anddissemination. So for the sectors of education and health,data, are collected, treated, analyzed and compiled at centrallevel.However, these systems still endure unreliability of somedata, completeness of the reports and activities as well aspromptness. The Government recorded some progress notably in thedomain of aid follow-up and coordination. Indeed, with thehelp of its partners, the Government launched in 2008 an aidmanagement system commonly known as DAD. This on linedata base has for goal to allow the humanitarian assistanceand development aids more transparent, correctlycoordinated and more efficient. The configuration allows tohave more recent data on aids in favor of the CAR declinedby source, by sector or by zone of intervention. Since the

launching of the DAD system * in November 2008, detaileddata of more than 300 projects are available on line,permitting the financial, sectorial and geographical aidanalysis. Although it is difficult to seize the entirety oftransfers, available figures are already a good reflection ofaid follow-up assessment. However in spite of the preciousaspect of this system, problems concerning its appropriationby the national civil servants a remain. This can be solvedthrough suitable trainings.

* http://dad.minplan-rca.org /