CenevizYOLU-The Year's Work

8/13/2019 CenevizYOLU-The Year's Work

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The Year's WorkAuthor(s): D. H. French, J. J. Coulton, H. F. Russell and Stephen MitchellSource: Anatolian Studies, Vol. 37 (1987), pp. 3-14Published by: British Institute at AnkaraStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3642884.

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THE YEAR'S WORKANKARAPremises

Afterthemajorupheavalsof lastyear,asrecordedntheThirty-Seventh nnualReport,therehas been a periodof stabilization nd consolidationduring1986.Anewfive-yearease forTahran24 wasnegotiatedat the end of November, herebyputting o an end a prolongedperiodof uncertaintyndinsecurity bout thefutureof the Institute'sbasein Ankara.Thebotanicalcollectionsand research acilitiescontinue o behoused n BiikliimSokak96/21,andoneapartment 96/9)has beenretained here as accommodation or those with Spartan raining. n Maya leasewas signedfor the rentalof a new flat at Hempehri okak 3. The moreluxurioussurroundingswere a welcomeadditionto the Institute'spremisesandnow enablelong-stayvisitors romthe UK to belodged ncomfort.TheDirectorandAssistantDirectorscontinued o occupytheirrespectiveodgings n the vicinityof TahranCaddesiandwillinglyprovidedhospitalityo manyothervisitorsduring he courseof the year.ComputeracilitiesThe purchaseof the IBMcomputer n September epresents, erhaps, he mostexcitingdevelopmentn the Institute's acilitiesand researchpotentialfor sometime. In addition o itsprimary ole in storingandindexing helibraryholdings, twill undoubtedlyenhancethe productionof academicpublicationsand, in thecourse of time,it will be enlisted o cope with all the administrativeccountsandbusiness n Ankara.LibraryThe introductionof our new IBM personalcomputerandwordprocessorwill,we expect,bring greaterefficiency o the retrievalof data from our books andperiodicals.Notableaccessionshave beenfewer han inpreviousyears,a reflectionperhapsof the reducedpurchasingpowerof sterlingand a reluctance o augmentsignificantlyhe libraryallocation.Institute taff

The year has witnessedsome significant hangesin personnel;n addition totemporaryabsencesand welcomepromotions, here have been a numberof saddepartures ndnewarrivals.At the end of JulyAnn Murray ook herleave of theInstituteaftersixprosperousandsuccessfulyearsas AssistantDirector.Herstyleand colourhadblendedgracefullywiththepatternof Ankara ife,and herpresencewilllongberemembered.GeoffreySummers admeanwhilebeenpromoted o thelevelof AssistantDirector,a move thatreflectedhis growingresponsibilitiesndcontributions o the Institute'sactivities. n SeptemberAnn'sreplacement rrivedin theguiseof ChrisLightfoot,a personwho wasnot altogethera strangero theInstituteand to Turkey.Membersof the office staff, Giilgiin Kazan (Turkishsecretary),CananPhillips (Englishsecretary),YaprakEran and CigdemMengi(part-time librarians),continued their normal duties in exemplary fashionthroughout he firsthalf of the year.YaprakEranrelinquishederpostintheLibrary ttheend of Septembero takeup an Italian scholarship n Florence,and in her place we welcomedEmineAtakan,an archaeologygraduate romAnkaraUniversityandformerparticipantin the Tille excavations. Tuirul ?akar (photographer)maintainedhis highreputationorprofessionalism.naddition o participatingnbothseasonsatTille,

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4 ANATOLIAN STUDIEShe worked on material from the Cremnasurveyin Ankara and accompanied HarryRussell on the Assyrian monuments survey; he also assisted in all other Instituteprojects during the year. Johanna Pinder-Wilson (conservator) took her leave ofAnkara in May, having completed not quite a full twelve months in the Institute'semploy. She added her technical assistance to various projects,including the springseason at Tille and the work on the Beycesultan material at Pamukkale and theSakqag6zii material in Gaziantep. In September her replacement arrived in theperson of Kirsty Norman, formerlyof the Conservation Department of the BritishMuseum. After a brief respite in Ankara recovering from a summer spent on theBritishArchaeological Expedition to Bulgaria, Kirsty was occupied for the rest ofthe year repairingmaterial from Tille in the Adiyaman Museum.Anne Dawn Sutton (findsillustrator)resided in Ankara duringthe earlierpart ofthe year, establishing herself as the Institute's graphics mainstay by her thoroughand business-likeapproach to the large quantities of work in hand. Later, she wentout into the field, attending both seasons at Tille and working at GaziantepMuseum. Mark Nesbitt (archaeo-botanist) spent long periods in Ankara, workingon the publication of the Aqvanmaterial, although he made several trips to Elazigand paid visits to the excavations at Tille, Sardisand Dilkaya. He also participatedin conferences in Cambridge and Istanbul.There were fewer short-term members of staff this year. They included:Katherine Baker (finds illustrator), who continued her work on the Beycesultanmaterial and at Tille in April and May; Shahina Farid (finds illustrator), who wasemployed during the summer in drawing material from the Institute's sherdcollections and then participated fully in the autumn season at Tille; two studentsfrom Liverpool University, Catherine Barrett and Sarah Hogben, who spentAugust in Ankara gaining experience in drawing pottery from the central andwestern Anatolia collections; and finally, Dr. Julian Scott (botanist) who arrived atthe end of May. In jovial manner he set about identifying specimens in theherbarium collection and later produced a computer-baseddirectory of classifica-tions before leaving Ankara at the end of November.Researchby staff and scholarsThe Director spent the summer months in fieldwork in the Amasya, Tokat,Corum and Sinop regions, pursuing research on Roman roads. At Easter theDirector went to England to give lectures at the Sheffield University colloquiumThe Defence of the Roman and Byzantine East. Ann Murray (Assistant Director)organized much of the preparations for the Photographic Exhibition in Istanbulbut spent most of her remaining time working hard to complete the catalogue ofsmall finds for the last volume in the Beycesultan excavation publication pro-gramme. Dr. ChrisLightfoot (Assistant Director-Administration and Research)arrived from England to take up his post in September. He accompanied thePresident and Hon Secretary on their visit to Tille and attended the T.T.K.Congress as an observer.On a second tripto the excavations he continued the workhe started last year as a member of the Greek and Roman Department of theBritish Museum on the glass finds from Tille. He also assisted in the preliminarystages of the preparations for the 2nd Iron Age Symposium, to be held at IzmirUniversity next spring.

Dr. Geoffrey Summers (Assistant-Library and Excavations, later AssistantDirector-Excavation and Research) supervised work during the short springseason at Tille and participated in the full autumn season. His other fieldworkincluded assisting in the study of the Sakgagozii material in Gaziantep and, in



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THEYEAR'S WORK 5December,taking part in the Adlyamansurvey.In Ankara his energieswereconcentratedon the preparation or publicationof the central Anatolian sherdmaterial,and is extremelygrateful o Dr. Ian Todd for passingon the drawings,notes and maps from his original survey.Part of the preparatorywork for thestudyhas involvedrehousing hestudycollection,arrangedby vilayet,on thetopfloorof the Institute.StuartBlaylock ExcavationsAssistant)arrivedat theendofthe summerandhasagaincontributedhisexpertiseo theexcavationsat Tilleandthe Adlyamansurvey.

Mark Nesbitt(Archaeobotanist)ontinuedhis workon the archaeo-botanicalremains romAgvan n theElazig;museumandin Ankara,wherehe alsoarrangedthe installation of new herbariumcabinets and a seed storage cabinet. InNovemberhe spent two weeks at Tille examiningthe flotation system,and inDecembera weekwas spentat KaramanMuseum,makinga preliminary ssess-mentof theCan HasanI plantremains. ulianScott(Botanist)madegood progresswith the classificationof the Institute'sbotanicalcollectionduringhis six monthstayin Ankara.

HarryRussellcame to Turkey n the autumnfor a short studyperiodin theAntakyaand Adana regionsand successfullycontinuedhis surveyof Assyrianmonuments(see Section3). Dr. StephenHill spent a week in Adana museum,inspecting he materialstored there fromthe Dag Pazariexcavations n 1957-59and assessing heirquantityand conditionwith a view to publication.J. G. Crowreturned o Turkeyto look at medievalcastlesin the Kastamonu,Cankirland Zonguldakvilayetsand revisehis earlierresearchon the themeofByzantinePaphlagonia.A numberof sites werevisitednearAraqand to the northand east of Kastamonu.Themajorsite of Amasrawas alsovisited,where he maindefencesaresurelyof Byzantine ather hanGenoesedata.At the end of his stayhewas able to travelverybrieflyo Trabzon o examine he remainsat ArakliBurunu,whichhaverecentlybeensuggestedas the site of Hyssiportus/Sourmaina,heonlyfort of the Roman defenceson the BlackSeacoast to be situated n Turkey.DavidHarvey,a lecturer n classicsat ExeterUniversity,spentthree weeksinTurkey n order o gaina general mpression f thetopography, ites and artefactsof LydiaandIoniain connectionwithhis projectof publishinga commentary ntheLydian ogosof Herodotos 1.1-94).The main actionof thispartof Herodotus'writing s centredon Sardis,whichwas of courseone of the sitesvisited,although,unfortunately,he American xcavatorshad left beforehis arrival.At OldSmyrnaMr. Harveywas entertainedby ProfessorAkurgal,and at Miletosby ProfessorMiiller-Wiener. rofessorvon Graevewas able to show Mr. Harveypartsof thearchaiccity which are as yet unpublished,and which shed a vivid light onHerodotos6.18-21. Besidesvisitingalso the sites of Eti Baba, Ephesos,Priene,Klaros,Halikarnassos,and Didyma, Mr. Harveywas also able to make usefulvisits and contactsat the museumsat Manisa,Selcuk,Miletos,Bodrumandizmir.Dr. GregHorsleyof MacquarieUniversity,Australia,workedonce more as amemberof Dr. StephenMitchell's eamat Sagalassosn Pisidia,wherehis briefwasto recordinscriptions.Some 54 completeand fragmentaryexts were located,though onlyabouthalf of theinscriptionsprintedby Lanckoronski centuryagocould be found. Doubtlesssome of the statuebases now face downin the upperand loweragorasand the colonnadedstreet will also have carried exts. Of new



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6 ANATOLIANSTUDIESdiscoveries,mentionmaybe made n particular f two honorificnscriptions ndadedication ound on theslopewestof the DoricTemple.Onthe walls of the DoricTemple tself two fragmentary raffitiwere noted. An article on the inscriptionsfromthe so-called Library t Cremna,which s the resultof a previous eason'swork,is published n this volume.

Miss BeatriceTeissier pent Septembern Turkeyworkingat the museums nAnkara,Kayseri,Adana,and Antakyaand visitingthe museumsat Nigde andKonya, and the sites of Kiiltepe,Acemhiiyiikand Karahiiyiik.Her research sconcernedwith the contactsof the palacesites of Acemhiiyiikand KiiltepewithSyria,PalestineandEgypt n the MiddleBronzeI-II periods ca.2000-1650B.c.).The cosmopolitannatureof Anatolia's contacts at this period throughglyptic,importsand local adaptationsof foreignmodels is alreadywell known. MissTeissierwasableto look at glyptic, aience,bone andivory,metalwork ndpotteryfrom a numberof sites,andherinitialresponse s that there s considerablymorematerialandmoredetail which bearson these culturalcontacts.In particular,heresearch lreadyreveals he role of theAmuq,andparticularlyf TellAtchana,asa pivot of Anatolia's interactionwith the Khabur and the south, and the closeaffinitybetween ome of theluxurygoodsandtrinketsof Acemhiiyiik ndKiiltepeand those of the Khabur,TellAtchana,Ebla and Ugarit.Nigel Sadlerused a travelscholarshipn order to travelextensivelyn easternTurkeyand centralAnatolia,pursuingan interest n the interactionof landscapeand early history engenderedby work for his undergraduatedissertation nGeographyand Archaeology.His particular oncern was in the routes betweeneasternAnatolia,centralAnatolia,north Syriaand Mesopotamiawhichwouldhavebeenusedbypeoplesof the LateChalcolithic ndEarlyBronzeAge periods.Mrs.ElizabethHealeywas in the earlystagesof planningresearch nto the lithicindustries f the neolithicperiod,particularlyn centraland south-easternTurkey.She used her travel scholarshipto visit a number of sites, excavations andmuseums, ncludingsome of the most recentlydiscoveredsites such as HassekHiiyiik,Gritille,Qayonfiand Nevalla Cori. Another of the travelscholars wasJeremyTanner,who spenta monthtravellingn westernTurkeyandvisitingmorethanfortysitesmainlyof the classicalperiod.RobinBrunner-Ellislso visitedmanyclassicalsites, but his main concern was to study some of the early Christianchurchesandmonasteries, n which he plansto start researchat Oxford.Havingstartedhis study-tourat Istanbul,he travelledthroughthe west and south ofTurkey,endingat Antakyafrom where he madehis way to Syria.Paul Trebilcowas able to visit a numberof the classicalcities of Turkey, he historyof whoseJewishcommunitieshas been the subjectof his doctoral researchat DurhamUniversity. Late in the year Eric Ivison paid an extended visit, examining LateRoman and Byzantine remains in a number of localities.

TILLEIn 1986the work on Tille Hiyiik was divided into two seasons,springandautumn.TheSpring easonopenedon 24Aprilandclosedon 10May.Inthis shortcampaignthe objectivewas simple:to clear away the remainingwalls of the(?)Achaemenidevelandto clean the site in preparationora full Autumnseason.This aimwas easilyaccomplished.At the sametime,we beganthe liftingof thepebblemosaic.From a total of 210squares,16wereremovedn the Springand 69in the Autumn. The team for the Spring campaign was: KatherineBaker(illustrator),David French(site director),GeoffreySummers asst. site director),



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THE YEAR'S WORK 7Anne Sutton (illustrator),Johanna Pinder-Wilson(conservator).The main,Autumncampaignbeganon 22 Septemberand finishedon 15 November.Finalplanningand recordingtook place in the week following. Conservationandillustrationof the findswere carriedout in AdiyamanMuseum,1-19 December.The members of the Autumn campaignwere: Stuart Blaylock (site manager),TrevorCarbin,Tugrul(akar (photographer), ulieEdwards findssupervisor),ShahinaFarid,David French(site director),Alison and MartinHicks, ShirleySimpson,Anne Sutton(illustrator),GeoffreySummers asst.sitedirector),BrianWilliams(plannerand illustrator), JeremyYoule. During the season, KirstyNorman(conservator)workedon Tille finds n theAdiyamanMuseum.For bothseasonsthe Ministryof CultureandTourismwasrepresented y MurgitYaclziofthe KayseriMuseum.Ourobjective orthe main seasonof excavationwasalsosimple: o excavate hewhole of the IronAge (i.e. earlyfirstmillenniumB.C.)evelexposed n 1985.Withminor omissionsthis objectivewas accomplished.No furtherareas of the burntLateBronzeAgebuildingwhichwas reachedn lastyear'spreliminaryxplorationat theedgeof the tell wereexposed n 1986,butmost of theinterveningmaterialofthe earlier irstmillenniumhas nowbeen removed. n allwe carriedout 8 weeks ofexcavation c. 50workingdays)with an averageof 40 men.An areaof c. 1000m.was exposed.Overthis area,c. 1-5m. of depositwas removed, .e. c. 1500cubicmetres,or c. 30 cubicmetresp.d.TheAchaemenid(?)tructures howa sequenceof alterationorchangesof plan.Previouslywe hadnotthoughtso. Inoneroom, n the SE cornerof thesite,a groupof pots wasrecoveredrom a primaryloor.Further, here s the clearestevidencefor a combinationof cutting-downandbuilding-up,both activitiesattemptingocorrecta downward lopeto the eastin the pre-Achaemenidhase(s).In the earlier,Iron Age level, there are two phases:one primary,the othersecondary.Both areassociatedwith the perimeterwall on the N side of the site.Thesecondaryphase s poorlypreserved ntheN andW (particularly here t wascut by the Achaemenid(?)oundation-trenches).t was betterpreserved n the E,where for the Achaemenid(?)tructure he groundlevel had been raised.Thisrebuildingor re-use of the northern half of the site may have been con-temporaneouswith the more massive structures(in the southern half of theprincipalhoroughfare rstreet)which ormthemainfeatureof theprimaryphase.Ingeneral, hestructural etailsof theprimaryandsecondaryphasesdo not differin the northernhalf of the sitewherethe structures f bothphasesarevisibly essmassiveandregular hanthose of theprimaryphase n the southernhalf.There ssomeevidence or theretentionof originalalignments ndorientations.Secondarywallslie on or close to the wallsof the primaryphase.Therewas,however,someencroachmenton the main streetin the secondaryphase. Complete pots werefoundin a burntroomof the secondaryphasein the easternside of the site.In the structuralplan of the primaryphasethereis evidentaxiality.The mainthoroughfare r streetbisects he site fromE to W. OntheS are the moremassiveand regularbuildings;on the N, the less regularand substantial. n 1985 we sawthese latter structuresas poor and mean ; a correction to this simplifiedassessments nowdesirable.Thepebblemosaicrevealedastyear s associatedwiththe primaryphasein the southernhalf of the site.Thishalf,builtup on a terrace,stands higherthan the northern; he orientationof the structures ollows thelongitudinal xisof the site.The terraces the dominant eatureof theplan;duringexcavation,however, hestratigraphicssociationbetweenN andS wasthe causeof muchdisputeand anxiety.The rooms and buildingare arrangedaroundthemosaiccourtyardwhilethe lowerandless massivestructuresn thenorthernhalf



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8 ANATOLIANSTUDIESare (it seems) arrangedaround roughly paved courtyards. This distinction, indeedthe structural plan as a whole, invites speculation: was the site a frontierstronghold, located at a crossing of the Euphrates, the seat, perhaps, of a localcommander?The condition and quantity of material remains recovered improved in 1986.One (burnt) room of the primary phase was the location of several complete pots.Iron tools and weapons were also found as were bone tools. A number of stoneobjects, both fine and coarse, came to light. Of the fine objects the mostoutstanding was a round stamp-seal and a decorated disk.In a preliminary interpretation of the post-second millennium stratigraphyit issuggested that the three main Iron Age building levels may belong to the tenth/eighth centuries B.C.The primary phase of the last level was burnt (?destroyedin706 B.C.by Sargon). The secondary phase of this level is thin and insubstantial. Itmay perhaps be dated to the seventh century. The following level ought (?) then tobe Median/Achaemenid or Achaemenid of the fifth/fourth centuries B.C.There is,as yet, no secure evidence for this interpretation and it must remain, for themoment, somewhat tentative. At the same time, we were presented with unexpec-ted information, namely, the evidence for construction levels and subsidiaryoccupation in the Achaemenid buildings. D. H. FRENCHROMAN ROADS AND MILESTONES OF ASIA MINORWork began on 18 June in (orum and finished in Kastamonu on 15August. Anextension granted for the Autumn was deferred. Bay Yagar Onlu representedtheMinistry of Culture and Tourism. To him I am most thankful for his interest andsupport. Much help and assistance was given by the Museums of Qorum, Amasya,Tokat, Yozgat, Sinop and Kastamonu. To all these we are profoundly grateful.Dr. Peter Neve gave precious information on milestones from the Bogazkale area.To him are due our warm thanks.19 CorumiliBetween 18 June and 2 July exploration for epigraphic material took placeprincipallyin the region of Qorum itself but detailed investigation was also carriedout in the areas of Sungurlu, Bogazkale, Alaca and Mecit6zii. The aim of theseinvestigations was twofold: (1) to augment the number of milestones along the lineof known Roman roads and (2) to collect all surviving inscriptions for inclusion inthe RECAM volume on Amaseia and its territory.Only two new milestones were recovered: at Kuzoren near Mecit6zii (Philippuswith Philippus Caesar, (?)A.D.244) and Yekba?near Bogazkale (name of Emperorlost). Gravestones, on the other hand, were more frequent and in every village ofthe Corum plain at least one or two examples were to be found. Some were dated(by the Amaseian era). One gravestone (in Baynmdlr ear Mecitozii) was inscribedin year 201, in the month Octavius, the first evidence for this name in the Amaseiancalendar.At Geyikhoca near Mecitoziuseveral Christiangravestones provide examples ofprofessions: raptes, nosokomos, notarios. The gravestone of another notarios wasfound at Hacilarhani near Sungurlu. At Mislerovagi, a certain Ioanis wasdescribed as pragmateuteskhoriou Kilianou. From Sungurlu, the Corum museumacquired a Latin dedication to Hadrian. Several prehistoric, Iron Age and latersites were noted, e.g. a hill-fort above Elvan Celebi and a mound at Sfiliiklii (nearMecitozii).In addition to evidence for Roman roads, we discovered, in 1986, traces of an



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THEYEAR'S WORK 9Ottoman route (locallycalled Cenevizyolu), namely,the route from Sinop viaBoyabatandOsmanclkowardsYozgatandKayseri.Alongthis routehans are tobe found:threewere seenthisyear,at Hacihamza,MislerovalgiandHacilarhanl.Othershave been noted in the paste.g. at Mahmudiyeand Arapseyf.Milestoneswere broughtto the (orum museum from Harzadin,Demirgeyh,CevheriandGiingdrmez, nd a gravestoneand dedication romK6priialan.05 Amasya iliWorkbeganon 3Julyandclosedon 19July.Twodayswerespenton anEnglishtranslationof the Guideto HazeranlarKonagi. Milestoneswere recorded n thefollowing villages: Baglhca (1) Hadrianus,(2) GordianusIII), Akyazl (Dio-cletianusandcolleagues),EzinepazarConstantiusand Maximianus) nd Toklu-cak ((1) Carus,(2) Constantinus).The milestoneof GordianusIII from Baglicawasbrought o theAmasyaMuseum ogetherwith thegravestone ecordedn 1984(III AraftlrmaSemp.,144and Fig. 9). The roadsystemcentredon Amaseiawasfurtherclarified,n particularhe roadseastwards owardsNeocaesareiaNiksar)and Zela (Zile). Furtherresearchwas carriedout on the route from Pimolisa(Osmancik)o Neoclaudiopolis Vezirk6prii).Much useful informationon ancientsites, in particular hose relatedto theRomanroad system,was gathered n the regionof Amasya.First and foremostthere is the temple and temenos of Zeus Stratios,near the modernYassical(formerlyEbimi).Thetempleoverlooks he Roman roadto Neocaesareia.Nearlytwentynewinscriptionswerefoundwithintheprecinct.As wasseenin 1984, hesetextseachnamea differentvillage(or groupof villages)according o region;eachregionwasdiscretelyarrangedn the temenosaroundthe templeplatform.Therearemanymoreregionsnamed n thesetexts thanare mentionedn Strabo C 561).Also on the Amaseia-Neocaesareiaoad,we located mportantHellenistic,RomanandByzantine itesat Baglica, ormerlyDarma(locallycalledTirma$ehri)andatKumluca,AnserKale.Near the road running romthe Halys to Amaseiaand Amisuswe visitedthecitadelof BulakKaleaboveKoqk6y nearMerzifon).Thehill-topwas fortifiedbya roughdefensivewall of bouldersand mortarcore. Round towerswerebuiltatintervalsalong the perimeter.There is earlieroccupationon the site but thedefensivewallprobablybelongsto theLateRoman/EarlyByzantineperiod.Somenewmaterialwascollected ortheprojectedRECAMvolumeof inscriptionsromAmaseiaand territory.Theseinscriptionswereall gravestones.60 Tokat liThework n thisprovincewascarriedout between20Julyand6 August.Severalnew milestoneswerefound:Alayurt (Constantinus),Hatipli(Constantinuswithfour Caesars ncludingDelmatius),Karaagaq Constantinus)with four Caesarsincluding Delmatius), Yagmurlu (Hadrianus)and Boztepe ((1) TrebonianusGallus(2) Diocletianus and colleagues (3) Constantinus). The road systems from Amaseiato Neocaesareia, from Zela to Neocaesareia, from Neocaesareia to Sebasteia, fromZela to Caesareia, from Zela to Amaseia, from Zela to Tavium and from Taviumto Sebastdpolis were explored in detail and established without ambiguities.The Roman road eastwardsfrom Neocaesareia (Niksar) to Nicopolis (PiirknearSugehri)was discovered not in the Kelkit valley (as has been supposed) but in themountains to the north. Here, in the area of Bereketli, traces of a route runningeastwards were recorded. This is the road known as the Caldiran yolu (of SultanSelim Yavuz). One milestone, once erected on this road, was found at Hatipli(Constantinus). It is interesting to note that the tentative indications given by



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10 ANATOLIAN STUDIESJerphanion for the A?. Barakh 2 milestone (near Amasya) are confirmed by thenew stones from Hatipli (near Bereketli)and Karaag;a (near Erbaa), namely, thaton all these stones Constantinus associated himself with four Caesars, Constan-tinus, Constantius, Constans and Delmatius. A similar Constantinian text wasfound at Qay (near Afyon) (Eck and Bear, Chiron6:301 no. 109without, however,reference to the Barakh stone as a possible parallel). A further instance may befound in the (worn) text of the Hiiyiik milestone (nearAntalya) (TAM 3.1.942-944but not mentioned by Eck and Bear loc. cit.).Among the epigraphic material there are two notable texts: the tombstone of aveteran (Legio V Macedonica) from Hacilar (near Zile) and a boundary pillar (atAlayurt) from (the church of) the Saint and Glorious First Martyr Stephen on theland of GalaS; it was erected under the Emperor Fl. Anastasius (A.D.491-518),Bishop John and an unnamed Count and Consul. A boundary text was found on arock-outcrop near Yaylayolu (formerly Bacul). Another equally interesting dis-covery was made at Yaylayolu, N of Zile: four Ottoman markers, inscribed in theold script but measured in kilometres.In the vicinity of the Roman roads, several sites and structureswere noted. Asmall Hellenistic settlement (locally called kale) was observed and at Yoldere,formerly Geyre, a rock-cut tunnel and staircase were found. In particular theimportantOttoman fortifiedsite at Gorcuk, Kiz Kalesi, near Tokat was visited andthe impressive Hellenistic tunnels and staircases were noted. An extensive Hellen-istic and Roman site is visible at Buzk6y, at a locality called Hamam, and anotherat Pinarbeyli, Yerkoprii mevkii.66 Yozgat IliTwo days, 6 and 7 August, were spent in the province. A milestone fromHaydarbeyli (near Tavium) (SeverusAlexander) was recorded in the museum. Theroad from Zela (Zile) to Tavium (Biiyiik Nefes) was briefly investigated. Thecourse of the road followed the Qekerek river as far as Bazlamaq and then ranstraight towards Alaca. No milestones were found. Along this route, however,there is a bridge (still) at Haciboz, a castle (near Bii.Ak6z) and a fortified site orfortification (at Karatepe near Bazlamaq).57 SinopIliThe work lasted four days: 8-11 August. Research was concentrated in theBoyabat region, in an attempt to locate the section of the road between Boyabatand the Kizilirmak. This attempt was largely unsuccessful and only one shortstretch of road was discovered: near G6kgebelen (formerly Kalfat). The actualcrossing of the Kizlirmak was not found. No milestones came to light, nor anyinscriptions. Boyabat Kale was investigated. Sherds of the Iron Age and Hellenisticperiods were found, the first recorded ceramic evidence for occupation earlierthanOttoman. West of Boyabat the Roman road is perfectly clear and well preserved.Its course through the mountains near Kovagaylr, S of the Goksu valley, has beenaccurately recorded. No milestones or inscriptions were found.37 KastamonuIliWork began on 11 August and finished on 15 August. The Roman roaddiscovered near Kovagaylr in Sinop province was further investigated in theTagkoprii region of Kastamonu. The continuation of the road was followedthrough the forests of the Elek Da@lalmost to Tagk6priiitself. In places the surfaceis very well preserved. One milestone (now uninscribed) was found at Gdkbelen,Sarni9Mahallesi. A boundary stone, naming the village of Koroba(?), was found



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THE YEAR'SWORK 11at Dikili ta?mevkii near the same mahalle.An attemptto find a RomanroadrunningsouthfromTayk6priiwas not successful. t mustbe assumed, herefore,that the roadbetweenPompeiopolis Tagk*prii) nd Gangra(Cankiri)-as indi-cated on the TabulaPeutingeriana-ransouthfromKastamonu.In all45 villageswerevisited n Corum,45 in Amasya,63 in Tokat,4 in Yozgat,9 in Sinop,and 5 in Kastamonu. D. H. FRENCHSAK4AGOZU MATERIAL N GAZIANTEPMUSEUMThe materialfromthe Sakgagdzii xcavations(carriedout in 1949 under theauspicesof the BIAA)has lain untouched n the depotof the GaziantepMuseum.In 1986 a team madeup from the Ankarastaff(theDirector,GeoffreySummers,Anne Sutton, JohannaPinder-Wilson)undertook,with the permissionof theDirectorate-Generalf MuseumsandAntiquitiesandof theGaziantepMuseum,aprogramme f re-furbishment ndre-housingof the Sakgag6zfiollections whichinclude material from Qoba Hiiyiik, the Sakgag6ziicave, surfacesurveysandsondages n the Sakgagdzii egion).The initialobjectivewas simple: o wash,re-markand re-house hepottery mostly nthe formof sherds).At the sametime,thepotterylots were re-sortedand all artifactualand non-artifactual emainswereseparated.The pottery,chippedand groundstone,and animal-bonewerewater-washed and re-markedin Chinaink) and sealed(with a solution of PVA). Thewhole materialwas then storedon shelvesuntilthecompletionof woodenboxes inwhich t will befinallyhoused.Theworkwasbegunon 12Mayandended22 May.A second season is planned or Spring1987, n orderto complete if possible) hepreliminaryrequirements sorting, washing, re-markingand re-arranging) ndthento move on to the secondphase:re-recordingndre-illustration.D. H. FRENCHADIYAMANSURVEYA second season of the Adiyamanvilayet surveywas taking place in mid-December,as theAnnualReportwasgoingto press.It willnecessarily ereportedone yearlate.BALBOURASURVEYAfter thepreviousyear'spreliminary xploration hiswas the firstfullseasonofthe Balbourasurvey.The work was directedby Dr. J. J. Coulton of OxfordUniversity,and was carried out under the auspicesof the BritishInstitute ofArchaeology at Ankara, with Mr. M. Senerof the Elazig Museum representingtheTurkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Credit for the success of the seasonbelongs to Mr. Sener and the six-memberteam, whose hard work and enthusiasmmade it possible. Financial support from the following bodies is acknowledgedwith gratitude:the British Academy, the British Instituteof ArchaeologyatAnkara,the CravenCommitteeof the Universityof Oxford,MertonCollege,Oxford,and the Societyof Antiquariesof London.Thanks are also due to BayHiiseyinAtak, the Kaymakamof Fethiye, Bay Ahmet Kaya, the DirectorofCultureand Tourismat Mugla,andBay Giiven Giiler, he Directorof theFethiyeMuseum, or their assistanceandencouragement,nd the DirectorateGeneralofAntiquities nd Museumsat Ankara orpermissiono carryoutthesurveyn 1986.Balboura s a small,highlandcity in northernLycia,which flourishedparticu-larlyunder heRomanEmpire.Theoverallaim of thesurvey s not onlyto record



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THEYEAR'SWORK 13Theseaspectsof the surveyof the city of Balboura,which have beenbegunin1986,areplannedto be completed n the second full season in 1987.J. J. COULTON

ASSYRIANMONUMENTSPROJECTThesecond seasonof work on the Institute'sAssyrianMonumentsProject ookplacein Octoberand November.The reliefsat Karabor,nearSenk6yin Hatay,and at Uzunoglantepe,near Kadirliin Ardanavilayet,both of which were firstpublishedby Dr. AytugTagyiirekn AnatolianStudies25 (1975),were visitedandstudied.The four reliefpanels at Karabor are badly damaged by erosion and manydetailsof the face and dressof thefiguresare ost. Panel 1 is thebestpreserved, s itis somewhatprotectedby overhanging ock. Heredetails of the face of the figurearereasonably lear.Panel4 is in muchthe pooreststateand little more than thegeneraloutlineof thefigurecan be madeout. Panels1 and3 showsingle iguresofmale deities. Panel 2, the largest of the group, shows a beardlessworshipperstandingbefore a maledeity.Above thepairarethedivinesymbols,star,crescentmoon, wingeddisc, hornedhelmet, stylus and spade.Panel 4 was thought byTagyiireko containa divine igure imilar o thoseinPanels1and3.On thisvisititwas not possibleto find trace of a beard and hornedhelmet,and an alternativehypothesismaybe advanced hat the figure s a beardlessmale similar o that onPanel 2, presumably he Assyrianofficialresponsible or these reliefs. Furtherexamination f the cast of this reliefwhich s in Ankaramayenable hispointto beresolved.Thesemonuments t Karaborareuninscribed nd thereforedifficulto date,butit is clear that they were carvedtogether.The appearanceof a beardless,andthereforenon-royal, igure mmediatelyuggests hatthey belongto theyearspriorto the accessionof Tiglath-PileserII (745),whenhigh officialsproducedmonu-ments of royal type.If this suppositionwere correct henthesemonumentswouldbe an important addition to a small but fascinating corpus of quasi-royalmonumentsand to the sculptureof a periodso far only slightlyknown.At Uzunoglantepehere s a singlepanel containinga royal figure.The locationof the relief s spectacular, ut therelief tself s verybadlyeroded.On theonehandthere s a wide view across heCilicianplain,andon the othera viewacross hetop

of the Taurus.Thepanelis uninscribed ut styleindicatesa lateAssyriandate.An abundanceof photographswas takento add to the archivewhichis beingbuiltupinAnkara,andonceagain atexmouldsweremade.Castsof the reliefswillbe made n Ankara romwhich hefinaldrawingswill beproduced.Thanksaredueto M. Akif Yiicel, the governmentrepresentative, nd to TugrulQakar, theInstitutephotographer,both of whom contributedmuch to the successof thework.H. F. RUSSELL

CREMNA AND SAGALASSUS SURVEYDr. StephenMitchell,Dr. MarcWaelkensand a team of eightassistants arriedout anotherprofitable easonof surveyat the twocitiesof Cremma ndSagalassusin Pisidiabetween2 Julyand 12August1986.The excellentgovernment epresen-tative,to whom the teamare much indebted orhelpof everykind,wasBayLiiftiiOnelof the KonyaMuseums.The work was fundedby the BritishAcademy, heBritishInstituteof Archaeologyat Ankara,the RomanSociety,and the CravenCommitteeof OxfordUniversity.An articleon the season'sworkappears n thepresentvolume. STEPHENMITCHELL



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14 ANATOLIAN STUDIESACTIVITIES IN BRITAINPublicationIn the springof 1986Philip Freeman and David Kennedy of SheffieldUniversityhosted the colloquium which they had organized on the subject of TheDefince ofthe Roman and ByzantineEast, and with amazing and highly commendable speedthey saw the proceedings of the colloquium into printas Volume 8 in the Institute'sMonograph series with British Archaeological Reports.Visitingscholarsfrom TurkeyContinuing the scheme initiated last year to join with the British Council inbringing Turkish scholars to work for short periods in Britain, the Institute wasable to provide a travel bursary for Dr. Numan Tuna for a study visit in theautumn of 1986. While he was in Britain Dr. Numan Tuna gave the Institute alecture on his survey work in south-west Turkey.CouncilmembershipAt the Annual General Meeting of the Institute on 28 February, 1986, Mrs.Mary Gough, Dr. Richard Barnett and Mr. David Winfield retired from Councilby the process of rotation. Dr. Barnett was instead elected to a Vice-Presidencyofthe Institute, and Professor R. M. Harrison and Mr. Mark Phythian-Adams wereelected to Council. Sadly, Dr. Barnett died during the summer of 1986, and theInstitute lost one of its founder-members and most loyal and single-mindedsupporters.PhotographicexhibitionThe photographic exhibition of the current work of the Institute in the field inTurkey has travelled from city to city throughout England during the year. InOctober 1985 it was in Southampton University, and in November it was in BristolMuseum. Its brief visit to the University of Warwick at the beginning of March1986 was timed to coincide with a one-day colloquium on the theme Town andCountry in Roman and Late Roman Anatolia, organised by Dr. Stephen Hill onbehalf of the Joint School of Classics and the European Humanities ResearchCentre. From Warwick it was a short step to Birmingham, where the exhibitionwas on view in the Faculty of Arts building at the University campus in Edgbaston.In April the exhibition was housed in the University Museum at Manchester, afterwhich it spent the summer in the Museum attached to the Department ofArchaeology at Newcastle University.MeetingsDuring 1986 three Institute lectures were held in London. On 22 January Dr.Michael Rogers of the British Museum gave a beautifully illustrated and fascinat-ing lecture on Ottomans and Safavids. After the last Annual General Meeting Dr.Stephen Mitchell lectured on his fieldworkprojectin Turkey, taking as his title TheCities of Pisidia.:an archaeologicalsurvey.And, as alreadymentioned, Dr. NumanTuna, a visiting scholar from Turkey, gave a lecturein October entitled A Survey ofArchaeologicalSites in lonia, 1984-1986. Mention should also be made here of twomeetings, one in Warwick and the other in Sheffield,to which reference has alreadybeen made. Dr. Stephen Hill organized a one-day colloquium at the University ofWarwick for an audience mainly composed of extramural students on TownandCountry in Roman and Late Roman Anatolia to coincide with a visit of theInstitute's photographic exhibition. At the Sheffieldconference on TheDefence ofthe Roman and ByzantineEast Dr. David French, who was visiting Britain at thetime, was able to give one of the papers.

CenevizYOLU-The Year's Work

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