cement stabilization sand [modalità compatibilità] · Cement stabilization sand Study of mixture...

CEMENT STABILIZATION SAND

Cement stabilization sand

Project steps

1. Study of natural sand

2. Study of mix design sand + cement

3. Study of mix design sand + cement + fiber


Study of natural sandParticle size

70

80

90

100

70

80

90

100

WithheldPassing

C F C M F C M F C M F M GRAVEL SAND SILT CLAY

20

30

40

50

60

(%)

20

30

40

50

60Passing

0

10

20

0,00010,0010,010,1110100Particle size (mm)

0

10

20

Cumulative

80,0

100,0

120,0

Histogram

50,0

60,0

70,0

Frequency

50,0

60,0

70,0

20,0

40,0

60,0

80,0

%

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

%

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

%

0,0-5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0

φ

0,0-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

φ

0,0-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5

φ


Study of natural sand

50

60

50

60DEFORMATION-50,00

40 00

DEFORMATION-50,00

40 00

SHEAR STRENGHT60,00

SHEAR STRENGHT60,00

20

30

40

τ (k

N/m

2 )

20

30

40

τ (k

N/m

2 )

-40,00

-30,00

-20,00

10 00Δy

(mm

/100

)

-40,00

-30,00

-20,00

10 00Δy

(mm

/100

)

30,00

40,00

50,00

τ (k

N/m

2 )

30,00

40,00

50,00

τ (k

N/m

2 )0

10

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00

(kN/ 2)

0

10

0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00

(kN/ 2)

-10,00

0,00

10,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

( )

Δ -10,00

0,00

10,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

( )

Δ

0,00

10,00

20,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

( )

0,00

10,00

20,00

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00

( )

C (kN/m2): 5.63

σ (kN/m2)σ (kN/m2)Δx (mm)Δx (mm) Δx (mm)Δx (mm)

C (kN/m ): 5.63

Φ (°) : 31.62


Study of mixture sand + 3-6% cement

Compaction of mixturep fStudy of mixture sand + 6% cement

14 30

14,40

14,50

14 30

14,40

14,50

13,90

14,00

14,10

14,20

14,30

dens

ity (k

N/m

3 )

13,90

14,00

14,10

14,20

14,30

dens

ity (k

N/m

3 )

Study of mixture sand + 3% cement15,0015,00

13,50

13,60

13,70

13,80

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Dry

d

13,50

13,60

13,70

13,80

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Dry

d

14 00

14,20

14,40

14,60

14,80

ty (k

N/m

3 )

14 00

14,20

14,40

14,60

14,80

ty (k

N/m

3 )

Water (%)Water (%)

13,20

13,40

13,60

13,80

14,00

Dry

den

sit

13,20

13,40

13,60

13,80

14,00

Dry

den

sit

There is no correlation between water content and degree of densification

13,000,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

Water (%)

13,000,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00

Water (%)


Study of mixture sand + 3% cementCompressive strenght

Compressive strenght/ Dry density

0,20

0,25

0,10

0,15

mpr

essi

ve s

tren

ght (

Mpa

)

0,00

0,05

13,65 13,7 13,75 13,8 13,85

Dry density (kN/m 3)

Com

Compressive strenght/water

0,16

0,18

0,20

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,14

mpr

essi

ve s

tren

ght (

Mpa

)

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,00 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00 5,00 6,00 7,00

Water (%)

Co


Study of mixture sand + 3% cementCompressive strenght

Compressive strenght/ Dry density

0,60

0,70

a)

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

ompr

essi

ve s

tren

ght

(Mpa

0,00

0,10

13,6 13,65 13,7 13,75 13,8 13,85 13,9 13,95 14

Dry density (kN/m3)

C

Compressive strenght/Water

0,50

0,60

0,70

pa)

0,20

0,30

0,40

Com

pres

sive

str

engh

t (M

0,00

0,10

0,00 2,00 4,00 6,00 8,00 10,00 12,00 14,00

Water (%)


Study of mixture sand - cement

Consolidated Drained triaxial compression test

This test is performedon mixtures of sand +

Standard sampleLarge diameter Sampleon mixtures of sand +

cement and sand +cement + fiber. The testwas conducted using

Large diameter Sample

10.00 cm

7.62 cmwas conducted usingsamples of largediameter (10 cmdi t h i ht 20 ) 3 81

mdiameter, height 20 cm) 20.00

3.81 cm

cm


Study of mixture sand + 3% cementConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 32.00

φ (°): 33.42


Study of mixture sand + 3% cement+ fiberConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 37.00

φ (°): 34.10


Study of mixture sand + 6% cementConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 62.00

φ (°): 35.80


Study of mixture sand + 6% cement+ fiberConsolidated Drained triaxial compression test

C (kN/m2): 72.00

φ (°): 36.60


Comparison of resultsCompressive strenght

% Cement

Compressive strenght

2% Water 0 ,6

0 ,7

6

7

0 ,6

0 ,7

6

7

Cement (kN/m2)

3 0.18 3.6

6 0 6 6 5

0 ,5

/m2)

50 ,5

/m2)

5

6 0.6 6.5

0 ,3

0 ,4

essi

ve s

tren

ght (

kN

3

4

Wat

er (%

)

0 ,3

0 ,4

essi

ve s

tren

ght (

kN

3

4

Wat

er (%

)

0 ,2C

ompr

e2

C o m p r e s s iv e s t r e n g h t

0 ,2C

ompr

e2


0 ,1 1


W a te r

0 ,1 1


W a te r

00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C e m e n t (% )

000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

C e m e n t (% )

0


Comparison of resultsDirect Shear test 70

80

50

60

m2 )

3720

30

40

C (k

N/m

35

36

0

10

20

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Sand + cementSand + cement + fiber

Mixture Φ (°) C’ (kN/m2)

34φ (°

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cement (%)

Φ ( ) C (kN/m )

Natural sand 31.62 5.63

Sand + 3% cement 33.42 32.00

Sand + 3% cement + fiber 34 1 37 00

32

33

Sand + cementSand + cement + fiber

Sand + 3% cement + fiber 34.1 37.00

Sand + 6% cement 35.8 62.00

Sand + 6% cement + fiber 36.60 72.00

310 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Cement (%)


Conclusions

•For monogranular sands there is not correlation between degree of densificationo o og a u a sa ds e e s o co e a o be ee deg ee o de s ca oand water contentIl

•The value of φ was not significantly influenced both by the addition of onlycement and the addition of cement plus fiber

•The value of cohesion has increased considerably with the addition of cement,has also seen a further increase with the addition of fiberhas also seen a further increase with the addition of fiber

cement stabilization sand [modalità compatibilità] · Cement stabilization sand Study of mixture...

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