Cement Bond Log SPE
Transcript of Cement Bond Log SPE
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 134
SPE ldquoBack to Basicsrdquo
Bond Log Theory and InterpretationApril 16th 2013
Ian Cameron PEng formerly
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 234
991266 Quick basics of purposes of cement amp scenarios bond logs run in991266 How traditional acoustic bond logs work and what is measured and presented
bull Amplitude
bull Travel Time
bull Variable Density Log (VDL)991266 Examples of good cement bond and free pipe and what things to look for
991266 Channeling ndash why run a radial investigation log
991266 Amplitude and cement compressive strength build up over time
991266
Surface Casing Vent Flow Gas Migration considerations991266 Micro-annulus
991266 Light Weight Cement
991266 Cyclic Steam Stimulation example showing cap rock cement bond
991266 Media coverage and the oil industry under the microscope
Topics
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 334
2
Purpose of Cement991266 Cement is used for
ndash structural support to the casing to
reduce the risk of a casing failure
ndash providing hydraulic amp gas isolation
ndash preventing production of unwanted
formation fluids
ndash isolating intervals to ground water(ERCB)
ndash providing structural strength andisolation during fracturing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 434
3
Reasons for Bond Log
991266 Bond logs are run to determine
ndash Cement to casing relationship ndash Cement to formation relationship
ndash Evaluate cement conditions
bull Channelingbull Compromised cement (ie gas
cut dehydrated etc)
bull Cement stages
bull Cement topbull Microannulus
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 534
4
Scenarios to keep in mind
for bond log evaluation
ndash Channeled cement
ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation
ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation
ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation
ndash Compromised cement
(ie gas cut cement)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 234
991266 Quick basics of purposes of cement amp scenarios bond logs run in991266 How traditional acoustic bond logs work and what is measured and presented
bull Amplitude
bull Travel Time
bull Variable Density Log (VDL)991266 Examples of good cement bond and free pipe and what things to look for
991266 Channeling ndash why run a radial investigation log
991266 Amplitude and cement compressive strength build up over time
991266
Surface Casing Vent Flow Gas Migration considerations991266 Micro-annulus
991266 Light Weight Cement
991266 Cyclic Steam Stimulation example showing cap rock cement bond
991266 Media coverage and the oil industry under the microscope
Topics
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 334
2
Purpose of Cement991266 Cement is used for
ndash structural support to the casing to
reduce the risk of a casing failure
ndash providing hydraulic amp gas isolation
ndash preventing production of unwanted
formation fluids
ndash isolating intervals to ground water(ERCB)
ndash providing structural strength andisolation during fracturing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 434
3
Reasons for Bond Log
991266 Bond logs are run to determine
ndash Cement to casing relationship ndash Cement to formation relationship
ndash Evaluate cement conditions
bull Channelingbull Compromised cement (ie gas
cut dehydrated etc)
bull Cement stages
bull Cement topbull Microannulus
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 534
4
Scenarios to keep in mind
for bond log evaluation
ndash Channeled cement
ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation
ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation
ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation
ndash Compromised cement
(ie gas cut cement)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 334
2
Purpose of Cement991266 Cement is used for
ndash structural support to the casing to
reduce the risk of a casing failure
ndash providing hydraulic amp gas isolation
ndash preventing production of unwanted
formation fluids
ndash isolating intervals to ground water(ERCB)
ndash providing structural strength andisolation during fracturing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 434
3
Reasons for Bond Log
991266 Bond logs are run to determine
ndash Cement to casing relationship ndash Cement to formation relationship
ndash Evaluate cement conditions
bull Channelingbull Compromised cement (ie gas
cut dehydrated etc)
bull Cement stages
bull Cement topbull Microannulus
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 534
4
Scenarios to keep in mind
for bond log evaluation
ndash Channeled cement
ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation
ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation
ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation
ndash Compromised cement
(ie gas cut cement)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 434
3
Reasons for Bond Log
991266 Bond logs are run to determine
ndash Cement to casing relationship ndash Cement to formation relationship
ndash Evaluate cement conditions
bull Channelingbull Compromised cement (ie gas
cut dehydrated etc)
bull Cement stages
bull Cement topbull Microannulus
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 534
4
Scenarios to keep in mind
for bond log evaluation
ndash Channeled cement
ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation
ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation
ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation
ndash Compromised cement
(ie gas cut cement)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 534
4
Scenarios to keep in mind
for bond log evaluation
ndash Channeled cement
ndash Poor bond to pipe butgood bond to formation
ndash Good bond to pipe andpoor bond to formation
ndash Poor bond to both pipeand formation
ndash Compromised cement
(ie gas cut cement)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 634
5
Traditional Acoustic
Bond Tool Example
bull Collar Locator
bull Gamma Ray
bull Acoustic Transmitter
bull 3ft Receiver
bull 5ft Receiver
Radial Receivers
991266 2ft spacing
991266 Usually 8 radials
Bow Spring Centralizer
Collar Locator (CCL)
Gamma Ray amp Telemetry
Transmitter2ft Radial Receivers
3ft Receiver
5ft Receiver
Bow Spring Centralizer
Radial BondLog (RBL)
Cement BondLog (CBL)
1 2
3456
7 8
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 734
6
What is Measured on
Bond Logs
991266 Recorded on ALL sensors
ndash Amplitude (strength of thefirst arrival)
ndash Travel Time (time it takes for
the signal to go fromtransmitter to receiver)
ndash VDL ndash Variable Density Log
(entire waveform from 1st
arrival and reverberations upto 1200 microshellipfrom one pulse)
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 834
7
What is Measured amp Presented
on Radial Bond Logs
991266 Presented on the log
ndash Natural Gamma Ray
ndash Casing Collar Locator
ndash Amplitude from the 3ft
ndash Amplitude x 5
ndash Travel Time from the 3ft
ndash VDL from the 5ft
ndash Amplitudes from the eight six radials (if RBL)
ndash Min Max and Average of theRadials (if RBL)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 934
8
Theory of Measurement
Amplitude and Travel Time
991266 Require a volunteer
991266 Strike an unsupported casing
ndash It rings with a high amplitude(lack of cement) 1st peak = E1
ndash Strike a supported casing it
thuds with a low amplitude(good evidence of cement)
ndash The loss attenuation of signalis related to the quality ofcement and is how ldquoBondrdquo ismeasured
E1
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1034
immersed in water
Amplitude Signals vs Pipe Size of ldquofreerdquo pipe
81
72
61
3 f t A
m p ( m V )
1143
1397
1778
40
3397
Challenge is as casing sizes get larger the range ofmeasurement from no cement to fully cemented gets smaller
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1134
991266 How much cement do I have for the amplitude in question
Challenges are that ndash Non-linear relationship
ndash As the amount of cement increases the corresponding amplitudedrops very little hence the ldquox5rdquo scaling for low amplitudes
ndash Larger casing sizes mean less amplitude range to measure from
Amplitude vs Cement Bond
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
708090
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
of cement present
A m p l i t u d e i n m i l l i - V o l t s
1143mm
1397mm
1778mm
Note 1900 kgmsup3 Slurry (typical class G)
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1234
11
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 After the transmitter fires thewaveform arrives at the
sensors via different paths ndash Casing
ndash Formation
ndash Mud
991266
Arrival times are a function of ndash Distance traveled
ndash Slowness of medium
(~density)
991266 The waveform recorded at
each sensor is a combinationof all arrivals present
CasingArrivals
FormationArrivals
MudArrivals
CombinedArrivals - VDL
Time
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1334
12
VDL
Variable Density Log
991266 VDL displays multiple ldquoslicesof datardquo side by side
ndash 200 ndash 1200 micros for 3rsquo VDL
991266 Arrival patterns start tobecome apparent
991266 To make a 2D picture of the 3D
image ndash Positive peaks are shaded black
ndash Negative peaks are shadedwhite
991266 Casing arrivals should be
consistent but formation arrivalsldquoshouldrdquo change with lithology
CasingFormation
Mud
200 microsec 1200 micros
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1434
13
Amplitude Travel Time amp VDL ndash Example ExtremesGood Bond to Pipe and Formation Free Pipe with no cement
Very low 3ftamplitude
ldquoNo Pipe Ringrdquo
Late (left) andinconsistenttravel time
High amplitudeat ldquoFree Piperdquo
values
Travel time isstraight at
expected pipearrival time
Note L to R standard Amplitude scaled 0-100 mV standard Travel Time scaled 650-150 microsec VDL scaled 200 ndash 1200 microsec
VDL shows s trong
formation arrivals ndash little to no pipe
arrivals
VDL shows s trong
pipe arrivals (traintracks) and no
formation arrivals
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1534
14
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to both pipeand formation
Free Pipe
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1634
15
VDL Example Summary
Good bond to pipe butpoor bond to formation
Transmitter
3 ft Receiver
5 ft Receiver
IsolatorRadial Receivers
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1734
Channeling991266 CBL outputs show overall
good cement991266 Radial outputs show
inconsistency of several ofthe radial receivers
991266 Image mapping of 8 x 2rsquoamplitudes shows channel
of lower compressivecement
991266 Single CBL 3rsquo amplitudecan not identify channeling
991266 VDL is also inconclusive
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1834
17
Amplitude changes caused byCompressive Strength vs Time
991266 Green cement ndash Low compressive strength
hence higher than normal
amplitudes
ndash Rule of thumb is to not runbond logs up to 48 hours aftercementing (cement typessuch as thermal cements may
vary)
991266 Chart shows the reduction inamplitude with time aftercementing
ndash 4 hours
ndash 18 hours
ndash 28 hours
ndash 33 hours
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 1934
Cement CompressiveStrength Chart Examples
0 ndash 1 ndash 0 class ldquoGrdquoT ndash 40 thermal cement
C o m p r e s s i v e S t r e n g t h M
P a
Time Hours
Plot courtesy of SanJel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2034
19
Gel Strength vs Time
Between 100 lb100 ftsup2 and 500 lb100 ftsup2the slurry is susceptible to gas migration
(critical interval)
39 minutes
bull When cement is partially setup it starts to becomeself-supportive amp looses itrsquos ability to hold back gas
bull As a result worm hole channels can form duringthe critical phase
Plot courtesy of Sanjel
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2134
Bond log considerations of SCVFGM
bull Poor Primary CementingHole conditioning
bull Mud Contaminated cement
bull Gas Cut Cement
bull Channeled cement
bull Decentralized casing string
bull Vertical
bull Slant
bull Horizontal
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2234
Video demonstrating SCV surging through cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2334
22
Micro-annulus
991266 Micro-separation (yellow)between pipe and cement
(lt 1 mm) caused by a dropin temperature or pressure
991266 Identified by doing aldquopressure passrdquo to a ldquonon-pressure passrdquo comparison
CementCasing
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2434
23
Do I need a Pressure Pass
Micro-annulusExample
991266 Non-pressurepass looks likemostly free pipe
991266 Pressure passindicates strongmicro-annulusdue to decreasedamplitudes asseen on radialmap as well asreduced casingarrivals in VDL
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2534
24
Well Conditions That
Affect Bond Logs ndash Light Weight Cement
ndash Pipe is allowed to carry some pipearrivals even under perfect bonded
conditions
ndash 3ft amplitudes may range between
5-10 mV (depending on density)
ndash Formation arrivals if present mayhave a faded appearance
ndash Collars DO NOT chevron but mayexhibit a straight line response
ndash Cementing information from the wellis critical for interpretation
bull Stages Cement Density Volumes
1550 kgm3 cement
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2634
25
CSS amp SAGD WELLSbull 22 Drills Terminated In Clearwater in
1987 (+- 440m TVD)bull Target Grand Rapids Productionbull Casing 1778mm L-80 342 kgmbull Cement
Standard Thermal lsquoGrsquo + 40 Silicabull All Cemented to Surfacebull No SCVFGM Issuesbull Ground Water Isolationbull 1 ndash 3 Cyclic Steam Stimulationsbull Cum Oil 16758 m3bull Cum Steam Injected 218173 m3bull Operating Conditions
bull 85 - 90 MPa
bull 300 - 305 Cbull No History of Isolation Issues
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2734
26
CapRock
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2834
Media Coverage from March 2013National GeographicldquoA recent US Geological Survey study of decades-old wells ineastern Montana found plumes of salt water migrating into
aquifers and private wells rendering the water from them unfitfor drinking And catastrophic casing failures can happen at anytime The EPA is now investigating a 2011 blowout duringfracking in a well near Killdeer that pierced the aquifer the town
relies onrdquo
httpngmnationalgeographiccom201303bakken-shale-oildobb-text
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 2934
Thank you for attending the SPE ldquoBack to BasicsrdquoBond Log Theory and Interpretation
Ian Cameron PEng FMC Technologies (formerly Pure Energy)
lsquoiancameronfmcticomrsquo
Honorable mention Jude Reid for assistance in helping to build this presentation
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3034
32
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3134
ldquoI donrsquot want to do a pressure pass in case I create a micro-annulusrdquo
991266 Bond log Sept shows areas of
lower quality cement prior to acement squeeze intervention ona SCVF repair
991266 Bond log January done aftercement squeeze showingplaced cement (3125-320m)
991266 The comparison of 3rsquoamplitudes indicate theprevious cement did degradefrom before squeeze to afterin other areas of the well
991266 This was likely caused by theincrease in pressure fromcementing damaging thealready compromised cement(320-327m)
991266 Note how 300-305m or 327-331m did not change however
Increasing Amplitude
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3234
34
Wellbore preparation and result of mud mixing with
cement and potential impact on a bond log
All of the above samples appear to be solid however compressive strengths ndash hence amplitudes on a bond log ndash are significantly different
Samples courtesy of Gary Batcheller ndash GWB Consultants
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3334
Interactive participation quiz using Turning Pointrsquoselectronic response cards One each table
1) The Flames waited too long to trade him2) It is going to help rebuild the team
3) Its too bad for the Flames but he
deserves a shot at the Cup
4) It doesnt matter to me
983124 983144 983141 983110 983148 983137 983149
983141 983155 983159 983137 983145 983156 983141 983140 983156 983151 983151 983148 983151
983086 983086
983113 983156 983145 983155
983143 983151 983145 983150
983143 983156 983151 983144 983141 983148 983152
983154 983141 983138 983157 983145 983148
983140 983086 983086 983086
983113 983156 983079 983155 983156 983151 983151
983138 983137 983140
983142 983151 983154 983156 983144 983141
983110 983148 983137 983149
983086 983086
983113 983156 983140 983151
983141 983155 983150 983079 983156 983149
983137 983156 983156 983141 983154 983156 983151
983149 983141 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077CBC How do you feel about
Jarome Iginla being traded to thePittsburgh Penguins
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077
8112019 Cement Bond Log SPE
httpslidepdfcomreaderfullcement-bond-log-spe 3434
I use bond logs to their full capacity when
considering Cap Rock Integrity or SCVF
1 True ndash I am very comfortable
interpreting bond logs2 False ndash still need some more
practice ndash hence why I am here
3 False ndash I do not know how to
interpret a bond log4 NA ndash I just wanted a company
sponsored lunch and heard
about ldquoBondrdquo
983124 983154 983157 983141
991251 983113 983137 983149
983158 983141 983154 983161 983139
983151 983149 983142 983151 983154 983156 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141
991251 983155 983156 983145 983148 983148
983150 983141 983141 983140 983155 983151 983149 983141 983149 983086 983086 983086
983110 983137 983148 983155 983141 991251
983113 983140 983151
983150 983151 983156
983147 983150 983151 983159
983144 983151 983086 983086 983086
983118 983087 983105 991251 983113
983146 983157 983155 983156 983159 983137 983150 983156 983141 983140 983137 983139
983086 983086 983086
983090983093983077 983090983093983077983090983093983077983090983093983077