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Wikis: Conversational
Technologies for Community
Collaboration
Gerry McKiernanScience and Technology
Librarian Iowa State University
Library Ames, Iowa
USAhttp://www.public.iastate.edu/~gerrymck/CELT2005.ppt
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CELT Teaching and Learning
Workshop Series
WHAT Wikis for Collaboration, Sharing
and Learning WHERE
1230 Communications Building WHEN
November 3 2005 | 13:10 – 14:30 |
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The screen prints selected for this presentation are for educational
purposes.Their inclusion does not constitute
an endorsement of an associated product, service, place, or
institution.
DISCLAIMER (1)
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The views and opinions expressed in this
presentation are those of the presenter and do not
constitute an endorsement by Iowa State University or
its Library.
DISCLAIMER (2)
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! THANK YOU !
Heather Brumm Instructional Development
Specialist, CELT Alan Schmidt
Assistant Director, CELT Susan Yager
Associate Director, CELT
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<Quote> (1)
“The basic [idea] of the Web is that [it is] an information space through
which people can [not only] communicate [in general], but communicate in a special way: communicate by sharing their
knowledge in a pool.
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<Quote> (2)
The idea was not just that it should be a big browsing medium.
The idea was that everybody would be putting their ideas in, as well as taking
them out.” Tim Berners-LeeFather of the Web
http://www.w3.org/1999/04/13-tbl.html
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Table of Contents
Wikis Definition Features and functionalities Advantages / Disadvantages Wiki engines
Examples Higher education
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Wiki (1)
“A wiki is a freely-expandable collection of interlinked Web 'pages‘, a hypertext system for storing and modifying information - a database, where each page is easily editable
by any user … .”
(Leuf and Cunningham 2001, 14)
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Wiki (2)
“Wiki is a … collaborative space … because of its total freedom, ease of
access, and use, [and] simple and uniform navigational conventions … .”
“[It] ... is also a way to organize and cross-link knowledge … .”
Ward Cunningham Father of the Wiki
(Leuf and Cunningham 2001, 16)
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Wiki (3)
The original Wiki - the Portland Pattern Repository - was created by Ward
Cunningham in 1995 (c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory).
'Wiki wiki' (pronounced ‘wicky’, ‘weekee’ or ‘veekee’)
(encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Wiki#
Pronunciation) is a Hawaiian term for 'quick' or 'super-
fast' (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki).
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Wiki (4)
“Cunningham coined the term ‘Wiki’ after the ‘wiki wiki’ or ‘quick’
shuttle buses at Honolulu Airport” (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#History).
The wiki concept reflects his view that a Web-based database should
be simple to create and easy to use
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ward_Cunningham).
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http://www.idblog.org/archives/2004_06.html
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http://www.wikipedia.org/
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http://en.wikipedia.org/
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Features and Functionalities (1)
Ability to edit a page View recently changes pages ‘History’ feature to view or roll
back to a previous version of a page
(Peterson 2004, 14)
Most wikis provide the user with a set ofnavigation or utility tools such as:
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‘Discuss’ offline changes or proposed changes to a page
A ‘backlinks’ function (view all the pages that link to the page
currently displayed) Search function
(Peterson 2004, 14)
Features and Functionalities (2)
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Most public wikis do not generally require that readers register
Additions or modifications made by readers typically are not reviewed prior to publication within a wiki
(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki)
Features and Functionalities (3)
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Levels of Access (1)
TYPEDESCRIPTION RESTRICTIONS
Fully open
Original, 57-flavor, open community model
No restrictions
Lockable All pages public, but editing restricted in various ways (lockable pages)
Editauthenticatio
n
Gate Some pages public (may be lockable); other pages restricted to registered users
EditAuthenticati
onlogin
sections(Leuf and Cunningham 2001, 277)
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TYPEDESCRIPTION RESTRICTIONS
Members-only
All users must be registered; may involve further group restrictions
Login to wiki
Firewalled
All users must be on specific network
Login to system
Personal Notebook usage on own system or private Web site directory
Not applicable
(Web site login).
(Leuf and Cunningham 2001, 277)
Levels of Access (2)
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Wiki Advantages (1)
Asynchronous benefit of incorporating the assistance of experts, peers and other professionals
Excellent means to annotate evolving issues where spare notes, thoughts, and a meandering collection of file formats exist
Facilitate the exchange of ideas for small group projects
Provides for a more creative environment and expanding knowledgebase in project management
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Wiki Advantages (2)
Level the playing field and allow all opinions to be heard
Increase communication efficiency and productivity over ‘back-and-forth’ exchanges of e-mail attachments and discussion boards
Provide a way to get everyone on the same page through the writable Web
Harness the power of diverse individuals to create collaborative works
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Wiki Advantages (3)
Wikis have the potential to provide individuals with a forum for
improving knowledge and advancing thought processes
form collaborative social research communities with respect to project management, and
provide innovative reference repositories for all aspects of planning, operation, and implementation
(Bean and Hott 2005, 8)
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Wiki Advantages (4)
Wikis Have
the Potential and Power to Change
How We Think About How We Live and Work.
(Bean and Hott 2005, 6-7)
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Wiki Disadvantages (1)
Installation can be demanding, particularly for some Wiki engine software (e.g., TWiki)
Editing wiki documents can be cumbersome for some individuals
Overcoming cultural hurdles of hierarchy, control, and a sense of lack of accountability
Issues of legal liability, privacy, reputation, and security must be considered
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Wiki Disadvantages (2)
Content accuracy, balance, comprehensiveness, and consistency, and reliability can be questioned
Wikis are cumulative rather than serial Articles, by design, are always in flux, editable, and have a
mixed degree of quality and finality(Bean and Hott 2005, 7)
(Bean and Hott 2005, 7)
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Wiki Engines
“Wiki software is a type of collaborative software that runs a Wiki system. It is usually implemented as a
server-side script that runs on one or more Web servers, with the content generally
stored in a relational database management system, although some implementations use the
server's file system instead.”http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki_engine
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Top Wiki Engines (1)
MediaWiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki
Feature-rich wiki implementation Written in PHP and uses an underlying
MySQL relational database management system
GNU General Public License Used in Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/]
MoinMoin http://moinmoin.wikiwikiweb.de/
Implemented in Python Flat file GNU General Public License
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Top Wiki Engines (2)
PmWiki http://www.pmichaud.com/wiki/PmWiki/
Developed by Patrick Michaud Uses PHP scripting language Flat file GNU General Public License
TikiWiki http://tikiwiki.org/tiki-index.php
Open source content management system (CMS) and Groupware that can be used to create Web applications, sites, portals, intranets and extranets
Based on Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP
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Top Wiki Engines (3)
UseModWiki http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/wiki.pl
Written by Clifford Adams in the Perl programming language
Flat file GNU General Public License
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?TopTenWikiEngines
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Commercial Services
Atlassian http://www.atlassian.com/
Jotspot http://www.jotspot.com/
Socialtext http://www.socialtext.com/
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EXAMPLES
Higher Education Courses Information services Programs Research projects University portal
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http://careo.elearning.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?HomePage
University of British Columbia
UseModWiki
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http://careo.elearning.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Mech410-550_InfoSources
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http://careo.elearning.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?Cs430
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http://careo.elearning.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/wiki.pl?InstitutionalRepository
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/index.php/ME_416_Pezeshki
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/index.php/ME_416_Pezeshki#
Quality_Function_Deployment_.28QFD.29
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/index.php/Teaching_Learning_Use_Cases
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/index.php/Teaching_Learning_Use_Cases
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http://wiki.wsu.edu/index.php/Teaching_Learning_Use_Cases
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PmWiki
http://biro.bemidjistate.edu/%7Emorgan/e-rhetoric/wiki.php/Elements/EntryPoint
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OpenWiki
http://writingprogram.hfa.umass.edu/wpwiki/
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Romantic Audience Project
SnipSnap
http://www.rc.umd.edu/pedagogies/commons/innovations/rap/
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http://www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=project_probe
PROWE
The Open University / University of Leicester
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http://wiki.student.utwente.nl/wiki/Hoofdpagina
Universiteit Twente
MediaWiki
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http://wiki.student.utwente.nl/wiki/Faculteiten
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http://wiki.student.utwente.nl/wiki/Psychologie
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http://wiki.student.utwente.nl/w/index.php?title=Master&action=edit
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Commercial Services
Confluence (Atlassian) Cornell University IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY Johns Hopkins University MIT Oregon State University Stanford University of Michigan
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/
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http://pws2.ait.iastate.edu/wiki/display/CCL/Home
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http://www.worldwidewiki.net/wiki/SwitchWiki
Directory of Public Wiki Implementations
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Cited Works
LuAnn Bean and David D. Hott, “Wiki: A Speedy New Tool to Manage Projects,” Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance 16, no. 5 (July/August 2005):3-8.
Bo Leuf and Ward Cunningham, The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2001.
Gerry McKiernan, “WikimediaWorlds: Part I. Wikipedia,” Library Hi Tech News 22, no. 8 (September/October 2005): 46-54.
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http://www.public.iastate.edu/~CYBERSTACKS/WikiBib.htm
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</EndQuote> (1)
“The Medium is
the Message, …
the Audience is the
Content.”Marshall McLuhan
[SOURCE]http://www.marshallmcluhan.com/
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</EndQuote> (2)
“Hot media are … low in participation,
Cool media are high in participation or completion
by the audience.”Marshall McLuhan
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man. (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964), 23.
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Wikis: Disruptive
Technologies for
Dynamic PossibilitiesGerry McKiernan
Science and Technology Librarian
Iowa State University Library
Ames, Iowa
USAhttp://www.public.iastate.edu/~gerrymck/TICER2005.ppt
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! THANK YOU !
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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FINAL
November 2, 200511:30