Solar System Work SheetDate: ___________ Time: _________ Miles Run Last Position: __________________Course:__________________________ Miles Made Good: ___________________Log: __________________________ Total Miles Run: ________ Miles to Go: ______1. DR LAT____________ DR LON __________ Computed: LAT _________ LON____________

2. IC________ HE ___________3. Body ___________________ Alt. ________ Zn ________4. Hs _________ H.P.________5. IC & HE _________________6. App. Alt._________________7. App. Alt. Corr.____________ UL / LL Corr. ____________ Polaris Corr. - 01 00’8. Ho _____________________

Time of Observation9. ____d _____h _____m ____s10. Watch corr. ____s11. GMT (+W / -E ) -dsav ____ _____d _____h _____m ____s

Declin. from Almanac12. mo-day-hr _______________13. corr. d_____ + / - ________14. Declin. _________________

GHA from Almanac15. mo-day-hr _______________16. min - sec ______________17. corr. v ______+ / - ________ SHA (Sidereal)___________18. GHA ___________________19. A-LON _________________20. LHA ___________________21. A-LAT __________________22. A-Decl. _________________23. Decl. Remainder _________24. Hc______ d______ z______25. Corr + / - _____ Zn _______26. Hc _____________________27. Ho ____________________ A0 _____ A1 ______ A2 ______

LAT ____________Difference _____________T / AHo greater = Towards

IC_________ HE ____________ Body _____________________ Alt. _________ Zn _________ Hs __________ H.P._________ IC & HE ___________________ App. Alt.___________________ App. Alt. Corr.______________ UL / LL Corr. _______________ Polaris Corr. - 01 00’ Ho _______________________

Time of Observation _____d _____h _____m _____s Watch corr. _____s GMT (+ W / - E ) -dsav _____ _____d _____h _____m _____s

Declin. from Almanac mo-day-hr _________________ corr. d______ + / - __________ Declin. ____________________

GHA from Almanac mo-day-hr _________________ min - sec _________________ corr. v ________+ / - ________ SHA (Sidereal) _____________ GHA _____________________ A-LON ____________________ LHA ______________________ A-LAT ____________________ A-Decl. ___________________ Decl. Remainder ____________ Hc_______ d_______ z_______ Corr + / - ______ Zn _________ Hc _______________________ Ho _______________________ A0 _____ A1 ______ A2 ______

LAT __________________Difference ______________T / A

Ho greater = Towards

IC_________ HE ____________ Body _____________________ Alt. _________ Zn _________ Hs __________ H.P._________ IC & HE ___________________ App. Alt.___________________ App. Alt. Corr.______________ UL / LL Corr. _______________ Polaris Corr. - 01 00’ Ho _______________________

Time of Observation _____d _____h _____m _____s Watch corr. _____s GMT (+ W / - E ) -dsav _____ _____d _____h _____m _____s

Declin. from Almanac mo-day-hr _________________ corr. d______ + / - __________ Declin. ____________________

GHA from Almanac mo-day-hr _________________ min - sec _________________ corr. v ________+ / - ________ SHA (Sidereal) _____________ GHA _____________________ A-LON ____________________ LHA ______________________ A-LAT ____________________ A-Decl. ___________________ Decl. Remainder ____________ Hc_______ d_______ z_______ Corr + / - ______ Zn _________ Hc _______________________ Ho _______________________ A0 _____ A1 ______ A2 ______

LAT __________________

© 1995 Marco W. Heitz, “Solar System Work Sheet” for Celestial Navigation Rev. 3/95

Difference ______________T / AHo greater = Towards

© 1995 Marco W. Heitz, “Solar System Work Sheet” for Celestial Navigation Rev. 3/95

Solar System Worksheet Instructions Record Date of sight and Time of sight1. Record Dead Reckoned (DR) Latitude (LAT) and Longitude (LON)2. Record Index Correction (IC) & Height of Eye (HE). Convert HE to minutes using Altitude Correction tables for DIP

which is always a negative value. IC “on the arc” is negative.3. Record the body being recorded by using its symbol (, , , , ) or naming the star. It taking a sight of a star, do the

“star pre-work” and record the altitude (Hc) and Azimuth (Zn).4. Record Height of sextant reading. Record H.P. value from the date page if taking a sight of the moon.5. Find sum of IC and HE from step #2 as degrees, minutes, and fractions of minutes.6. Record Apparent Altitude (Hs minus step #5). Round off minute fractions.7. Record correction for Apparent Altitude (App Alt) from the Altitude Correction tables of the correct celestial body being

measured (sun, moon, Polaris or Aries, or stars). Remember to use correct column (Oct.-Mar. or Apr.-Sep.) and mark value as positive or negative. When recording a moon sight, remember to add the adjustment for upper limb (UL) or lower limb (LL) using the altitude (Hs) and the argument H.P. 30’ is always deducted from the altitude of the Upper Limb sight. Add App Alt (step #6) + Alt Corr + UL/LL Correction all together for total apparent altitude correction. When recording a Polaris sight, deduct an additional 0100’ degree.

8. Calculate Height Observed (Ho) by calculating the sum of the correction (Step #7) and Apparent Altitude (Step #6). Enter this value also on line 27.

9. Record the day of the month, hour, minutes, and seconds from time of sight.10. Record watch correction.11. Calculate GMT by taking the day, hour, minute, and second from step #9 and adding/deducting the watch correction

from line # 10. Then add one hour to GMT for every 15 of Westerly longitude to DR (deduct Easterly longitudes). Remember to deduct one hour during daylight saving time in summer.

12. From the date pages of the almanac, record the declination based on the month/day/hour of GMT. Remember to look at the column of the correct celestial body. If recording Polaris, go to step # 15.

13. This is the declination for the minutes and seconds of time. Record the average declination change and note if increasing or decreasing. If increasing the value is added (+). If decreasing the value is subtracted (-). Look up the minute value from the gray edged pages to determine the correction value. Skip this step when working on Stars.

14. Calculate final declination by finding the sum of values in steps #12 and #13. Round off the fractions.15. Record the GHA from the date page of the Almanac for the GMT hour.16. Record the angle for the minutes and seconds from the gray edged pages for the minutes under the column for the right

celestial body.17. When taking a moon sight, record the value “v” for the moon from the date page. Record the correction for the value “v”

from the Increments and Corrections page for the minutes of the GMT. (Always + for Moon, Skip for Sun & Polaris sights).

18. Add steps #15, #16, and #17 for GHA.19. Record assumed longitude which needs to be within 30’ of DR using whole degrees (no minutes). In Westerly longitudes

the minutes must equal the minutes of GHA, the longitude is then deducted to result in full degrees. In Easterly longitudes, the minutes must equal GHA minutes minus 60’. The minutes are then added together to result in an additional full degree.

20. To calculate LHA sum up step #18 and #19. The sum must always be positive. If the A-LON value is greater than GHA and the value is negative, add 360 to the GHA to get a positive result. For Polaris go to step # 27.

21. Record an assumed latitude as the nearest degree of DR LAT. For stars go to #25 & #26 to find Zn & Hc unless using SHA method.

22. Record the value from step #14 as whole degrees.23. Record the remainder (minutes) of the declination from line #14.24. Look up the calculated height (Hc) declination (d) and Azimuth angle (Z) from the sight reduction tables H.O. 249 Vol II. If

the A-LAT in step # 21 is North and the declination in step # 22 is South, use the “CONTRARY” table, otherwise use “SAME” table, of the degree of A-LAT recorded in step #21. Scan down far left or far right column to find LHA angle (value from step #20). Then scan across the top to locate declination angle (value from step #22) . Record values of the cross point of these two. Height calculated (Hc), declination (d), and Azimuth (Z). Determine if declination (d) should be positive or negative by going across to the right on the same LHA line. If the Hc value for the next column right is lower, then “d” is negative, otherwise it is positive. Next, find the true bearing (Zn). The rule is in the in the top left or bottom left corner of the page.

25. Find TABLE 5 “Correction to Tabulated Altitude for Minutes of Declination” and locate values from step # 23 and the “d” factor. Record the value where these two values cross in minutes. For stars, record Zn only.

26. Calculate corrected Hc by finding the sum of Hc (step #24) and Correction from step #25. For stars, record Hc only.27. Record Ho from line #8. Find the value A0 by looking up LHA from Polaris (pole star) tables. The tenths and hundredths of degrees are found

across the top and the single digits of degrees are found along the side. Find the value A1 by looking up the degrees of latitude from the section below A0. Find the value A2 by looking up the month the sight was taken from the section below A0. Add A0 + A1 + A2 + Ho values together to find Latitude according to Polaris. For Sun, Moon, and Star Sights (not Polaris), find the difference between Hc and Ho. If Ho is greater, true line of position

(LOP) lies closer toward the celestial body from the assumed DR along Zn for the distance in miles equal to the difference in minutes. If Ho is lesser, LOP lies away from the assumed DR. (Dist = ST/ 60) T is in minutes.

TVMDC ==> add West. D=ST/60

Meridian Passage, Twilight, & Star Pre-Work SheetDate: ___________ Time: _________ Miles Run Last Position: __________________Course:__________________________ Miles Made Good: ___________________Log: __________________________ Total Miles Run: ________ Miles to Go: ______1. DR LAT____________ DR LON __________ Computed: LAT _________ LON____________

Meridian Passage

2. MP ____h____m3. LON Deg ____h____m4. LON Min ____m____s5. GMT MP

____h____m____s ____h

6. LMT ____h____m____sMP Declination

7. mo/dy/hr ________________8. d ___ + / - _______________9. Declin. _________________

Sextant Reading10. Hs __________________11. IC __________________12. HE __________________13. App. Alt. _______________14. Corr. __________________15.Ho __________________ 89 60’16.Deduct Ho ______________Sum ___________________17. Declin (+ / -) ____________ MP Lat ________________

MP Longitude Declin18. GHA mo/dy/hr ___________19.GHA min/sec ___________20.MP Lon ______________

Twiligt

2. Sunrise / Sunset3. CIVIL ______ _________ ______ _________4. Diff. ______________5. Corr. ______________6. A-Civil ______________7. Lon deg. ________________8. Lon min. ________________9. GMT __________________

10.LMT __________________

Meridian Passage

2. MP ____h____m3. LON Deg ____h____m4. LON Min ____m____s5. GMT MP

____h____m____s ____h

6. LMT ____h____m____sMP Declination

7. mo/dy/hr ________________8. d ___ + / - _______________9. Declin. _________________

Sextant Reading10. Hs __________________11. IC __________________12. HE __________________13. App. Alt. _______________14. Corr. __________________15.Ho __________________ 89 60’16.Deduct Ho ______________Sum ___________________17. Declin (+ / -) ____________ MP Lat ________________

MP Longitude Declin18. GHA mo/dy/hr ___________19.GHA min/sec ___________20.MP Lon ______________

Twiligt

2. Sunrise / Sunset3. CIVIL ______ _________ ______ _________4. Diff. ______________5. Corr. ______________6. A-Civil ______________7. Lon deg. ________________

8. Lon min. ________________9. GMT __________________10.LMT __________________

Meridian Passage

2. MP ____h____m3. LON Deg ____h____m4. LON Min ____m____s5. GMT MP

____h____m____s ____h

6. LMT ____h____m____sMP Declination

7. mo/dy/hr ________________8. d ___ + / - _______________9. Declin. _________________

Sextant Reading10. Hs __________________11. IC __________________12. HE __________________13. App. Alt. _______________14. Corr. __________________15.Ho __________________ 89 60’16.Deduct Ho ______________Sum ___________________17. Declin (+ / -) ____________ MP Lat ________________

MP Longitude Declin18. GHA mo/dy/hr ___________19.GHA min/sec ___________20.MP Lon ______________

Twiligt

2. Sunrise / Sunset3. CIVIL ______ _________ ______ _________4. Diff. ______________5. Corr. ______________

© 1995 Marco W. Heitz, Celestial Navigation Work Sheet, Rev. 4/95

6. A-Civil ______________7. Lon deg. ________________8. Lon min. ________________9. GMT __________________10.LMT __________________

© 1995 Marco W. Heitz, Celestial Navigation Work Sheet, Rev. 4/95

Meridian Passage Worksheet Instructions1. Record Dead Reckoning (DR) Position2. Record Time of Meridian Passage from Almanac day pages3. Convert Longitude ARC into TIME for full degrees using the first gray page of Almanac4. Convert Longitude ARC into TIME for the minutes using the first gray page of Almanac5. Add steps 2, 3, & 4 for GMT for Meridian Passage6. Convert GMT to LMT. Deduct one hour from GMT for every 15 of Westerly longitude to DR (add

Easterly longitudes + 1). Remember to deduct one hour during daylight saving time in summer.7. Record declination of the sun for GMT hour using the date page of Almanac8. Record declination correction code from the bottom of the Sun’s declination column, note if increasing

or decreasing ( + if increasing, - if decreasing).9. Add steps 7 and 8 to get total declination10. Record Sextant reading (Hs) maximum angle11. Record Index Correction (IC), deduct if on the arc12. Record Height of Eye (HE) or DIP which is always deducted. Convert HE from feet to minutes using

altitude correction table.13. Find Apparent Altitude by the sum of the previous three steps14. Find Apparent Altitude correction from card in Almanac15. Find the sum of previous steps for Height Observed (Ho)16. Deduct Ho from 89 60’17. Add Declination if same as LAT ( - if contrary) to find Lattitude18. Record Sun’s GHA from date page for mo, day, hr19. Record angle for minutes and seconds past the hour from gray edged pages20. Longitude is the sum of the above two values

Sunset, Twilight, and Sunrise Worksheet Instructions1. Record Dead Reckoning (DR) Position2. Record whether Sunrise or Sunset3. From date page of Almanac record the CIVIL twilight for the full degrees of DR LAT to the nearest

degree above and below. (Choose correct table for sunrise/sunset).4. Calculate the difference between the two times above.5. Find the correction from the tables of Interpolating Sunrise of the Almanac (pg. XXXII). Choose the

Tabular Interval column that matches the LAT difference between the two LAT values in step #3. Move down that column to the closest value represented by the difference between DR LAT in step #4 and the lower LAT value in step #3. Then move across to the column that is closest to the time difference recorded in Step #4. Record this value as the correction.

6. Find the approximate time for Civil sunset / sunrise at each time zone by adding the time of the lower LAT from step #4 and the correction from step #5.

7. Find the Arc to Time conversion for the degrees of longitude (+W / -E)8. Find the Arc to Time conversion for the minutes of longitude (+W / -E)9. Find the sum in time of the three values above for GMT.10. Find Local Mean Time (LMT) by deducting in Westerly LON (add if Easterly LON + 1) one hour per 15

of longitude (less one hour during daylight savings).

Star Prework Instructions1. Find GMT for CIVIL twilight2. Find GHA and LHA for Aries3. Select best Stars from 249 tables for LHA Aries.

Summary InformationMP of Sun = GMT for MP, LMT for MP, Declination, and Ho.Sun = Find Ho, GMT, Declination, GHA, d-correction, LHA, and use 249 tables to find HcMoon = Find Ho, GMT, Declination, GHA, d- and v-correction, LHA, use 249 tables to find HcPolaris = Find Ho, GMT, GHA, LHA, use Pole Star tables for LAT corrections A0 + A1 + A2 + HoStars = Do pre-work, find Ho, GMT, GHA , LHA , use 249 table to find Hc and ZnStars with SHA = Do pre-work, find Ho, GMT, Declination (NO d- & v-corrections), SHA, GHA , LHA, use 249 tables to find Hc.

Sunset, Twilight, and Sunrise Worksheet

Information required is marked with an Date of sight ______________________

Sunrise Sunset 1. Record DR LAT ____________’ N / S DR LON _______________’ W / E2. From date page of Almanac record the CIVIL twilight for the full degrees of DR LAT to the nearest

degree above and below. (Choose correct table for sunrise/sunset).LAT ______ N / S = ____h ____mLAT ______ N / S = ____h ____m

3. Calculate the difference between the two times above.4. Find the correction from the tables of Interpolating Sunrise of the Almanac (pg. XXXII). Choose the

Tabular Interval column that matches the LAT difference between the two LAT values in step #2. Move down that column to the closest value represented by the difference between DR LAT in step #1 and the lower LAT value in step #2. Then move across to the column that is closest to the time difference recorded in Step #3. Record this value as the correction.

Corr. ____h ____m5. Find the approximate time for Civil sunset / sunrise at each time zone by adding the time of the lower LAT from step #2 and the correction from step #4. ____h ____m6. Find the Arc to Time conversion for the degrees of longitude (+W / -E) _____ = ____h ____m ___s7. Find the Arc to Time conversion for the minutes of longitude (+W / -E) _____’ = ____h ____m ___s8. Find the sum in time of the three values above for GMT. GMT = ____h ____m ___s9. Find Local Mean Time (LMT) by deducting in Westerly LON (add if Easterly LON + 1)

one hour per 15 of longitude (less one hour during daylight savings). LMT = ____h ____m ___s

Meridian Passage Worksheet

Date: ______________Dead Reckoning Position LAT ___________ N / S LON _____________ W / E

Time of Meridian Passage (Almanac day pages): ______ hr ______ minConversion of ARC into TIME (Lon): Degrees: ______ hr ______ min(first gray page of Almanac) Minutes: ______ min ____ secUT / GMT for Meridian Passage Total: ______ hr _______ min ____ secHours from GMT to local time + / - ______ hr(-W / +E+1, & -1hr for daylight savings)Local time at ship’s position of MP: ______ hr _______ min ____ sec

Declination of the sun for GMT hour (date page of Almanac): N / S ________________d = ________ Declination correction: + / - ________________(gray pages for minutes past the hour, + if increasing, - if decreasing)Total Declination (sum of the two above) N / S ________________

Sextant reading (maximum angle): Hs ________________Index correction (IC) IC + / - ________________

Total: ________________Height of Eye (HE) or DIP which is always deducted HE = -_______________Apparent Altitude (sum of the two above) ________________Apparent Altitude correction from card in Almanac + ______________Height observed Ho = ________________Formula to determine latitude (90 = ) 89 60’

Minus Ho - _____________Sum = ______________

Declination (+ if same as LAT / - if contrary) + / - ______________Latitude (sum of the two values above) ___________ N / S

Longitude Record GHA from date page for mo, day, hr _______________Record angle for minutes and seconds from gray edged pages _______________Longitude is the sum of the above two values ___________ W / E

Timed Sun Sights - Worksheet

Information required is marked with an Date of sight ______________________

Time of sight ______________________

1. Record DR LAT and LON LAT = _________ LON = _________2. Record Index correction (IC) & Height of Eye (HE) IC = _________Convert HE to minutes using Altitude Correction tables for DIP which is HE = _________always a negative value HE converted = - ________

3. Record the body being recorded by using its symbol . 4. Record Height of sextant Hs = _________5. Sum the correction for IC and HE IC&HE = _________6. Record Apparent Altitude (Hs minus step #5). Round off minute fractions. App Alt = _________7. Record correction for Apparent Altitude (App Alt) from the Altitude Correction tables. Remember to use correct column (Oct.-Mar. or Apr.-Sep.)and mark value as positive or negative. Corr = _________8. Calculate Height Observed (Ho) by calculating the sum of the correction (Step #7)and Apparent Altitude (Step #6) and enter this value in line 27. Ho = _________9. Record the day of the month from time of sight Day = _________Record the hour, minutes, and seconds of the day from time of sight Hour = _________

Min = _________Sec = _________

10.Record watch correction Sec = _________11.Calculate GMT by taking the day, hour, minute, and second from step#9 and adding/deducting the watch correction from line # 10. Then add onehour to GMT for every 15 of longitude to DR. 15 goes five times into 79. Therefore add five hours to the time in step #9. Remember to deduct one hour during daylight saving time in summer. GMT = ___d ___h ___m

___s12.From the date pages of the almanac, record the declination based on the month/day/hour of GMT. Decl. = _________13.This is the declination for the minutes and seconds of time. Record the average declination change and note if increasing or decreasing. If increasing the value is added (+). If decreasing the value is subtracted (-). d = _________Look up the minute value from the gray edged pages to determine thecorrection value. Corr. = _________14.Calculate final declination by finding the sum of values in steps #12 and Decl. = _________#13. Round off the fractions Decl. = _________15.Record the GHA from the date page for the GMT hour. GHA-1 = _________16.Record the angle for the minutes and seconds from the gray GHA-2 = _________edged pages for the minutes17. Skip this step when working with sun. This is only used for moon & planets.

Timed Sun Sights - Worksheet cont.

18.Add steps #15 and #16 for GHA. GHA = _________19.Record assumed longitude which needs to be within 30’ of DR using whole20.degrees (no minutes). Add East LON and deduct West LON. A-LON = _________

Calculate LHA. Sum of step #18 and #19. The sum must always be positive.If the A-LON value is greater than GHA and the value is negative, add 360to the GHA to get a positive result. LHA = _________21.Record an assumed latitude as the nearest degree of DR LAT. A-LAT = _________22.Record the value from step #14 as whole degrees. Decl. = _________23.Record the remainder (minutes) of the declination from line #14 Decl. m = _________24.Look up the calculated height (Hc) declination (d) and Azimuth angle (Z)from the sight reduction tables H.O. 249 Vol II. If the A-LAT in step # 21 is North and the declination in step # 22 is South, use the “CONTRARY” table of ____ LHA (otherwise use “SAME” table) of the degree of A-LAT recorded in step #21. Scan down far left or far right column to find LHA angle (value from step #20). Then scan across the top to locate declination angle (value from step #22) . Record values of the cross point of these two. Height calculated (Hc), declination (d), and Azimuth (Z). Hc = _________Determine if declination (d) should be positive or negative by going across d = _________to the right on the same LHA line. If the Hc value for the next column is Z = _________lower, then “d” is negative, otherwise it is positive. Next, find the true bearing (Zn). The rule is in the in the top left or bottom left corner of the page. If LHA is less than 180, Zn=360-Z, otherwise Zn = Z. Zn = _________25.Find TABLE 5 “Correction to Tabulated Altitude for Minutes of Declination” and locate values from step # 23 and the “d” factor. Record the value where these two values cross in minutes. Corr. =_________26.Calculate corrected Hc by finding the sum of Hc (step #24) and Correctionfrom step #25. Hc = _________27.Record Ho from line #8 Ho = _________

The difference between Hc and Ho is _________. Since Ho is greater(lesser), true line of position lies ____ miles closer toward (farther away from) the sun then DR along Zn of ________.

Timed Moon Sights - Worksheet

Information required is marked with an Date of sight ______________________

Time of sight ______________________

1. Record DR LAT and LON LAT = _________ LON = _________2. Record Index correction (IC) & Height of Eye (HE) IC = _________Convert HE to minutes using Altitude Correction tables for DIP which is HE = _________always a negative value HE converted = - ________3. Record the body being recorded by using its symbol ( moon = crescent) _________

4. Record Height of sextant Hs = _________5. Sum the correction for IC and HE IC&HE = _________6. Record Apparent Altitude (Hs minus step #5). Round off minute fractions. App Alt = _________7. Record correction for Apparent Altitude (App Alt) from the Moon’s Altitude Correction tables. Remember to add the adjustment for upper limb (UL) H.P. = _________or lower limb (LL) using the full degree of altitude (Hs) and the argument Alt Corr = _________H.P. which is obtained from the date page. 30’ is always deducted fromthe altitude of the Upper Limb sight. UL/LL Correction= _________Add App Alt (step #6) + Alt Corr + UL/LL Correction all together for total apparent altitude correction. Total Correct. = _________8. Calculate Height Observed (Ho) by calculating the sum of the correction (Step #7)and Apparent Altitude (Step #6) and enter this value in line 27. Ho = _________9. Record the day of the month from time of sight Day = _________Record the hour, minutes, and seconds of the day from time of sight Hour = _________

Min = _________Sec = _________

10.Record watch correction Sec = _________11.Calculate GMT by taking the day, hour, minute, and second from step#9 and adding/deducting the watch correction from line # 10. Then add onehour to GMT for every 15 of longitude to DR. 15 goes five times into 79. Therefore add five hours to the time in step #9. Remember to deduct one hour during daylight saving time in summer. GMT = ___d ___h ___m ___s12.From the date pages of the almanac, record the declination based on the month/day/hour of GMT in the MOON column. Decl. = _________13.This is the declination for the minutes of time. Record the average declination (d) change and note if increasing or decreasing. If increasing the value is added (+). If decreasing the value is subtracted (-). d = _________Look up the minute value from the gray edged pages to determine thecorrection value for (d). Corr. = _________14.Calculate final declination by finding the sum of values in steps #12 and

Round off the fractions Decl. = _________

Timed Moon Sights - Worksheet cont.

15.Record the GHA from the date page for the GMT hour. GHA-1 = _________16.Record the angle for the minutes and seconds from the gray edged pages (Increments & Corrections). GHA-2 = _________17.Record the value (v) from the date page. v = _________Record the correction for the value (v) from the Increments and Corrections page for the minutes of the GMT. v-Corr. = _________18.Add steps #15, #16 and #17 for GHA. GHA = _________19.Record assumed longitude which needs to be within 30’ of DR using wholedegrees (no minutes). Add East LON and deduct West LON. A-LON = _________20. Calculate LHA. Sum of step #18 and #19. The sum must always be positive.If the A-LON value is greater than GHA and the value is negative, add 360to the GHA to get a positive result. LHA = _________21.Record an assumed latitude as the nearest degree of DR LAT. A-LAT = _________22.Record the value from step #14 as whole degrees. Decl. = _________23.Record the remainder (minutes) of the declination from line #14 Decl. m = _________24.Look up the calculated height (Hc) declination (d) and Azimuth angle (Z)from the sight reduction tables H.O. 249 Vol II. If the A-LAT in step # 21 is North and the declination in step # 22 is South, use the “CONTRARY” table of ____ LHA (otherwise use “SAME” table) of the degree of A-LAT recorded in step #21. Scan down far left or far right column to find LHA angle (value from step #20). Then scan across the top to locate declination angle (value from step #22) . Record values of the cross point of these two. Height calculated (Hc), declination (d), and Azimuth (Z). Hc = _________Determine if declination (d) should be positive or negative by going across d = _________to the right on the same LHA line. If the Hc value for the next column is Z = _________lower, then “d” is negative, otherwise it is positive. Next, find the true bearing (Zn). The rule is in the in the top left or bottom left corner of the page. In theNorthern latitudes, if LHA is less than 180, Zn=360-Z, otherwise Zn = Z. Zn = _________25.Find TABLE 5 “Correction to Tabulated Altitude for Minutes of Declination” and locate values from step # 23 and the “d” factor. Record the value where these two values cross in minutes. Corr. =_________26.Calculate corrected Hc by finding the sum of Hc (step #24) and Correctionfrom step #25. Hc = _________27.Record Ho from line #8 Ho = _________

The difference between Hc and Ho is _________. If Ho is greater (lesser), true line of position lies ____ miles closer toward (farther away from) the sun then DR along Zn of ________.

Polaris Sights ( ) Worksheet

Information required is marked with an 1. Date of sight ______________________

2. Time of sight ______________________

3. Record DR LAT and LON LAT = _________ LON = _________4. Record Index correction (IC) & Height of Eye (HE) IC = _________Convert HE to minutes using Altitude Correction tables for DIP which is HE = _________always a negative value HE converted = - ________

5. Record Height of sextant Hs = _________6. Sum the correction for IC and HE IC&HE = _________7. Apparent Altitude Correction, from stars and planets column of the table for the value of Hs. (Always deducted) App. Alt. Corr. = _________Deduct a further 1 as per Milligan instructions. -- 01 00’8. Record Height Observed (Ho) as sum of steps # 5, 6, & 7. Ho = _________Round off minute fractions.9. Record the hour, minutes, and seconds of the day from time of sight

___d ___h ___m ___s

10.Record watch correction Sec = _________11.Calculate GMT by taking the day, hour, minute, and second from step#9 and adding/deducting the watch correction from line # 10. Then addif LON is Westerly (deduct Easterly) one hour to GMT for every 15 of longitude to DR. Remember to deduct one hour during daylight saving time in summer. GMT = ___d ___h ___m ___s12.From the date pages of the almanac, record the GHA from the date page for the GMT hour for Aries GHA-1 = _________13.Record the GHA for the minutes and seconds of time. Look up the minute value from the gray edged pages to determine the correction valueunder Aries column. GHA-2 = _________14.Calculate final GHA by finding the sum of values in steps # 12 and # 13.Round off the fractions. GHA = _________15.Record assumed longitude which needs to be within 30’ of DR resulting in whole degrees (no minutes). In Westerly longitudes the minutes must equal the minutes of GHA , the longitude is then deducted to result in full degrees.In Easterly longitudes, the minutes must equal GHA minutes minus 60’. The

minutes are then added together to result in an additional full degree. A-LON = _________

Polaris Sights ( ) Worksheet cont.

16. Calculate LHA. Sum of step #14 and #15. The sum must always be positive.If the A-LON value is greater than GHA and the value is negative, deduct 360from LHA if greater than 360. LHA = _________17.Find the value A0 by looking up LHA from Polaris (pole star) tables. The tenths and hundredths of degrees are found across the top and the single digits of degrees are found along the side. A0 = _________18.Find the value A1 by looking up the degrees of latitude from the section below A0. A1 = _________19.Find the value A2 by looking up the month the sight was taken from the section below A0. A2 = _________20. Record Ho from line # 8 above. Ho = _________21. Add A0 + A1 + A2 + Ho values together to find Latitude according to Polaris. LAT = _________