Cellulose Derivatives in Food Applications Dow Wolff ... · PDF file52 MC & HPMC – Using...
Transcript of Cellulose Derivatives in Food Applications Dow Wolff ... · PDF file52 MC & HPMC – Using...
Dow Wolff Cellulosics Cellulose Derivatives in Food Applications
March 2012
Vicki Deyarmond
3/12/2012 1
Agenda
• Introduction to Cellulose
• Food Approved Cellulose Derivatives
o Key Properties
o Functions
o Common Applications
• Most Widely Used Cellulose Ethers in Food Industry
o Methylcellulose (MC)
o Hydroxypropyl Methylcellose (HPMC)
o Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
• Q&A 3/12/2012 2
3/12/2012
•Worlds most abundant naturally occurring organic substance
• Cellulose comes from plants, trees and vegetable matter
• As such, it has always been part of the human diet and a
source of dietary fiber
•In its natural state, cellulose is not soluble in water (chains of
cellulose are very tightly bound to each other by H-bonding)
What is Cellulose?
Cellulose Ethers
4
Water Insoluble Water Soluble
Cellulose Derivatives for Food
• First cellulosics research work begun in 1920’s in Germany
• Applications in foods (USA) starting in late 1940’s.
• High purity (≥ 95% water-soluble dietary fiber)
• Non-digestible
• Non-fermentable - no gas
o Related to form of 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds between glucose units
• Non-allergenic
• GRAS status
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Agenda
• Introduction to Cellulose
• Food Approved Cellulose Derivatives
o Key Properties
o Functions
o Common Applications
• Most Widely Used Cellulose Ethers in Food Industry
o Methylcellulose (MC)
o Hydroxypropyl Methylcellose (HPMC)
o Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
• Q&A 3/12/2012 6
Types of Cellulose Derivatives for Food
Physically Modified Cellulose
• Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
Cellulose Ethers
• Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)
• Ethylmethylcellulose (MEC)
• Ethylcellulose (EC)
• Methylcellulose (MC)
• Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
• Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
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Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC)
Properties
• Thixotropic
• Shear Thinning – Reversible
• Heat Stable
• Nonionic
• Powdered & Dispersible Grades
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Functions/Applications
• Opacifying Agent
• Foam Stabilizer
• Anti-caking agent
• Emulsifier
• Freeze Thaw Stability
Cheese (powdered,shredded)
Beverages, Confections,
Salad Dressings, Sauces,
Whipped Toppings
*Labeled as Microcrystalline
Cellulose or Cellulose Gel
Hydroxypropyl Cellulose (HPC)
Properties
• Nonionic
• Surface Active
• Insoluble in Hot Water >40 C
• Soluble in Organic Solvents
• Thermoplastic
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Functions/Applications
• Foam Stabilizer
• Film Former (Flexible)
Whipped Toppings, Edible
Coatings, Confection Glazes,
Extruded Foods
*Labeled as Hydroxypropyl
Cellulose or Modified Cellulose
Ethylmethyl Cellulose (MEC)
Properties
• Nonionic
• pH Stable
• Precipitates From Solution
Above 60C – (reversible
upon cooling)
• Not widely used
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Functions/Applications
• Thickening Agent
• Filler
• Anti-Clumping Agent
• Emulsifier
Non Dairy Creams, Low Calorie
Ice Creams, Whipped
Toppings, Mousse
*Labeled as Ethylmethylcellulose,
methylethylcellulose or Modified
Cellulose
Ethylcellulose (EC)
Properties
• Nonionic
• Hydrophobic
• Soluble in Organic Solvents
• Thermoplastic
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Functions/Applications
• Film Former
• Flavor Fixative
• Limited Food Approval
Flavor Encapsulation,
Moisture Barrier Films,
Fruit/Vegetable Inks
*Labeled as Ethylcellulose
Methylcellulose & Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (MC & HPMC)
Properties
• Reversible Thermal Gelation
• Cold Water Soluble
• pH Stable
• Wide Viscosity Range
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Functions/Applications
• Binding
• Boilout Control
• Film Former
• Freeze Thaw Stability
Formed Foods, Fillings,
Sauces, Whipped Toppings,
Gluten Free Baked Goods
*Labeled as Methylcellulose,
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose,
Modified Cellulose
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
Properties
• Anionic
• pH Sensitive
• Interacts with Proteins
• High Water Holding Capacity
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Functions/Applications
• Freeze Thaw Stability
• Protein Protection
• Thickener
• Texture Control
Frozen Foods, Baked Goods,
Tortillas, Soups, Sauces,
Beverages
*Labeled as Sodium
Carboxymethylcellulose or
Cellulose Gum
Agenda
• Introduction to Cellulose
• Food Approved Cellulose Derivatives
o Structure – Function Relationships
o Common Applications
• Most Widely Used Cellulose Derivatives in Food Industry
o Methylcellulose (MC)
o Hydroxypropyl Methylcellose (HPMC)
o Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
• Q&A
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Methylcellulose (MC)
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC)
MC & HPMC Common Applications
•Bakery, Gluten Free
•Fillings
•Sauces
•Formed/Extruded Foods
•Salad Dressings/Marinades
•Whipped toppings
•Batters/Coatings
•Meat/fish preparations
•Beverage Emulsions
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MC & HPMC – Advantages
• Broad viscosity range – from very low to extremely high
o 19 – 250,000 cPs (2 %, Brookfield)
• Always available in high quality (not dependant on harvesting)
• High degree of purity (> 99.5 %)
• Conformity of all standards for food and
pharmaceutical applications
• Narrow specifications for all relevant
product parameters
• Prepared from wood pulp GMO free
• Reversible Thermal Gelation – (varying gel strengths)
• Wide Viscosity Range
• Thickening
• Moisture Control (Cold Water Binding)
• Emulsification, Encapsulation & Film Formation
• Binding
• Air Entrainment & Foam Stability
• Freeze Thaw Stability
• Provides Soluble Fiber
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MC & HPMC - Key Properties/Functions
MC & HPMC Chemistry
o Methylcellulose (MC)
o Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
19
Based on the substituent group
Methyl Group
Methylcellulose (MC)
Hydroxypropyl Group
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)
Methyl Group
MC & HPMC - The Chemistry
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O
O
OO
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H H
H
HHO OH
HO
O
O
O
CH2
HO
HO
CH2
O
O
CH2
CH3
CH3
CH3
HCH3
CH3
H3C
Methylcellulose
H
O
O
OO
H
H
O
H
H
H
O
H
H
H
H H
H
H
CH3
HO
HO
O
O
CH2
HO
HO
CH2
O
HO
O
OH
CH2
H
CH2CHCH3
CH3
CH3CHCH2
O
CH3
Hydroxypropylmethyl
Cellulose
CH3
OH
MCMC
HPMCHPMC
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Chemistry- Functionality
Different chemistries have differences in physical properties
Dissolution temperature
Gelation Temperature
Gel Strength
Surface Activity
Differences are caused by:
The substituent group (Ratio of methyl/hydroxpropyl groups)
Relative numbers of the groups (Degree of Substitution: DS)
Average chain length of the product (Molecular Weight)
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MC & HPMC - Different Viscosities
22
Thick
~ 50,000 mPa.s
Medium
~ 4000 mPa.s
Thin
~ 50 mPa.s
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Viscosity Range
• A rough rule -- For every 1% increase in concentration you will see a
8x increase in viscosity
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10,000
1,000
100
10
1
7 6 5 4 3
10
9
8
7
6
5
3 1 1) 100,000
2) 40,000
3) 15,000
4) 4,000
5) 1,500
6) 400
7) 100
8) 50
9) 15
10) 5
1
2 4
100,000
Viscosity, mPa.s
2 0
Wt% gum
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Effect of Temperature •MUST reach set hydration temperatures to become fully functional.
Effect of Concentration
•Viscosity build is not linear
Effect of pH
•Viscosity is stable between pH = 3 and 11
MC & HPMC
Effect of Salt and Sugar: •May delay hydration and hinder viscosity development
•May precipitate MC & HPMC out of solution if too much salt or sugar
• May lower gelation temperature
MC & HPMC – Effect of Temperature
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Hydration Range Gelation Range Gel Strength
High Gel MC <50°F 100 - 114°F
(10°C) (38 - 44°C) Very Firm
Conv. MC <55°F 122 - 131°F
(13°C) (38 - 44°C) Firm
HPMC < 77°F - 85°F 143 - 194°F
(25°C - 30°C) (62°C - 90°C) Semi-Firm - Soft
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MC & HPMC
REVERSIBLE
THERMAL
GELATION
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.
Heating
Cooling
2% MC & HPMC Solutions Gels obtained by heating 2%
MC and HPMC Solutions
MC & HPMC Reversible Thermal Gelation
MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation Benefits
• Controls moisture movement
• Retains shape at high temperatures (Boil out control)
• Reduces oil uptake
• Improves coating adhesion (along with film formation)
• Works alone (no other additives necessary)
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MC & HPMC - Thermal Gelation - Binding/Shape Retention
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MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Boil Out Control
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*Note: maximum sugar content must be less than 50%.
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Control
HPMC (0.5%)
MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Boil Out Control
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Before Baking
0.4% MC–vs- 0.15% Xanthan, 0.15% Guar, and starch control
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MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Boil Out Control
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After Baking 3/12/2012
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MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Fat Reduction
In French Fry Coatings:
Most important property is gel strength gel maintains its integrity during frying
o MC has the highest gel strength of the chemistries
o Least surface active
MC will also gel at the lowest temperature
o Ensures film is formed prior to fat being absorbed
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MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Fat Reduction
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0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
% f
at
% low viscosity MC
Fat Uptake Reduction With Increasing
Methylcellulose Solution Strength
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MC & HPMC - Thermal Gelation – Fat Reduction
• Achieves ~30% reduction
in fat
• Will enable a “Reduced
Fat” claim in retail markets
• Note that the batter alone
does provide some barrier
function~11%
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Developmental Lab Samples
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Control
Non-
Battered
Control
Battered
Methocel
A-15 (2%)
Lab
Sample A
(1%)
Lab
Sample B
(2%)
Lab
Sample A
(2%)
% T
ota
l F
at
Fat Reduction in French Fry Batters
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2% MC
MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Fat Reduction
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Cinnamon Buns
MC & HPMC – Thermal Gelation – Fat Reduction
Methylcellulose be used to improve the juiciness and mouthfeel of an
already lean beef patty (without adding extra fat)
Formulation
o 88.4% Lean beef (90% fat free)
o 10.0% Cold water (<40F)
o 1.2% Methylcellulose
o 0.4% Salt
Total fat: 10% fat (from meat) (11.3g fat per ¼ lb patty)
Store bought patty = 20% (22.6g fat per ¼ lb patty) = 50% fat reduction
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MC & HPMC
FILM
FORMATION
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Surface Activity - 1% Gum Solutions
Chemistry Surface Tension
(Dynes/cm)
Water 72
Xanthan 69
CMC 68
Na Alginate 62
PG
Alginate
58
MC 53-59
HPMC 45-55
39
N. Sakar – CRI Report #823965, 1982
Chemistry Surface
Activity
MC Least
HPMC Most
MC & HPMC – Film Formation Benefits
• Improved adhesion of coatings
• Reduced oil pick up (also a function of thermal gelation)
• Increased “hold time” under heat lamp
• Reduced runoff in oven
• Reduced browning
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MC & HPMC – Film Formation
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MC & HPMC are very surface active
MC & HPMC – Film Formation
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Tri-colored/tri-flavored film for a coating, as an insert
between layers, encapsulation, etc
MC & HPMC – Film Formation - Glazes
43
with METHOCEL and without METHOCEL
Dry mix glaze on chicken breast (applied as
a powder to the moist cold chicken)
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MC & HPMC
FOAM
STABILITY
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Surface Activity of MC & HPMC
MC & HPMC stabilize emulsions, foams and dispersions by both decreasing the
surface tension and increasing the viscosity
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High
Shear Storage
Water
Oil
No MC/HPMC With MC/HPMC
Hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Oil-in-water Air-in-water Solids-in-water
Emulsion Foam Dispersion
Water Oil
MC/HPMC
MC & HPMC – Foam Stability
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Eggless Meringue
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MC & HPMC – Foam Stability
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METHOCEL F50 FG
Control (Egg)
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MC & HPMC
Moisture
Control
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MC & HPMC – Moisture Migration Control
• MC & HPMC reabsorb moisture when food cools after heating and
retains moisture during shelf storage.
• Cold moisture migration – in chilled and frozen storage (ice crystal
control)
• Where cold moisture migration control might be used?
o Baked goods (reduce staling)
o Frozen doughs and batters (Cookie, Brownie, Rolls & Bread)
o Frozen Cakes and Muffins
o Fillings on dough based substrates
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Moisture Control and Retention with MC & HPMC
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MC & HPMC
Use of Multiple Properties
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MC & HPMC – Using Multiple Properties
HPMC
Medium Viscosity
Needs to be able to
thicken dough
Too thick – Will not
raise during proving or
baking & difficult to
work with
Gelation Temp
Higher Gelation Temp
(70-90 0C) –to gel later
during the baking
process
Gel Strength
Weaker Gel to ensure
the bread can rise
Surface Activity
Enhances and stabilizes air pocket
structure in dough
Gluten
Replacement
In Reformed Potato Products: • Make mash formable in the cold (viscosity control)
• Maintain shape when fried and re-cooled (thermal gelation &
viscosity)
• Dramatically reduce bursting leading to improved yields and better
safety (thermal gelation, moisture management)
• Make mash slippery reducing starch damage during extrusion
• Reduce oil uptake (thermal gelation, film formation)
MC & HPMC – Using Multiple Properties
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In Predusts:
o Increases Batter Pick-up (Viscosity)
o Manages moisture migration (thermal gelation, film formation)
o Prevents batter blow-offs (thermal gelation, film formation)
In Batters:
o Reduced fat uptake (thermal gelation, film formation)
o Increases “hold time” (thermal gelation, film formation)
o Preserves crispiness in oven reconstituted
products (film formation)
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MC & HPMC – Using Multiple Properties
MC & HPMC
How to Incorporate MC &
HPMC in Food Systems
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MC & HPMC - Incorporation Methods
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•Dry Blending (flour, sugar,salt, spices, etc.) 7:1 Dispersant/MC or HPMC •Food Oils (soy, corn, canola, cottonseed) 5:1-8:1 Oil/MC or HPMC •Other Liquids (corn syrup, HFCS, glycerin) •Hot Processing Steps
•Direct Cold Water
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MC & HPMC – Delayed Hydration Technique
Add MC or HPMC to hot system
- MC or HPMC won’t hydrate in hot conditions
- Product (dips/soups/etc) will stay thin during hot HTST or UHT;
thicken upon cooling
• Improves pumpability of hot filled products
• Better efficiency of heat transfer during
processing – lower processing time
• Less burn on
57
MC – Starch Synergy
Methylcellulose has a synergistic effect when used in combination
with modified waxy maize starches
Reduce MC and starch levels – save on cost
Fewer calories
Increased hot cling
Greater hot viscosity
Less “starchy” mouthfeel in sauces
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Agenda
• Introduction to Cellulose
• Food Approved Cellulose Derivatives
o Key Properties
o Functions
o Common Applications
• Most Widely Used Cellulose Ethers in Food Industry
o Methylcellulose (MC)
o Hydroxypropyl Methylcellose (HPMC)
o Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
• Q&A 3/12/2012 59
60 3/12/2012
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
3/12/2012 61
• Gluten-free and conventional breads
• Pancakes, wraps, tortillas
• Cakes and cookies: Dough and dry mixes
• Bakery creams, fruit preparations
• Glazes, coatings and toppings of bakery products
• Dairy products
• Soups, sauces, dressings, marinades
• Beverages and Wine
• Meat Products
CMC – Common Applications
62
CMC - Advantages
• Broad viscosity range – from very low to extremely high
o 30 – 60,000 cPs (2 %, Brookfield)
• Always available in high quality (not depending on harvesting)
• High degree of purity (> 99.5 %)
• Conformity of all standards for food and pharmaceutical applications
• Narrow specifications for all relevant product parameters
• Prepared from wood pulp GMO free
63
• Absolutely odorless and tasteless (e.g. Guar smells like beans)
• Absolutely clear and transparent solutions in water (unique in the
world hydrocolloids)
CMC & HPMC Guar Gum Agar
CMC - Advantages
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CMC – Key Properties
• Soluble in Cold and Hot Water
• Thickener
• Increased Plasticity and Elasticity (improved machinability)
• Freeze Thaw Stability
• High Water Binding
• Emlulsifier
• Protein protection
• Compatible With Other Hydrocolloids
CMC – The Chemistry
65
O
O- Na
+
O
O- Na
+
O
OO
O
O
OHHO
O
OHHO O
OO
O
O
OHHO
O
OHHO
O- Na
+
O
O- Na
+
O
O
O- Na
+
O
O- Na
+
O
OO
O
O
OHHO
O
OHHO O
OO
O
O
OHHO
O
OHHO
O- Na
+
O
O- Na
+
O
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• CMC products are tailor made
• Main product characteristics are controlled by:
degree of polymerisation (DP)
degree of substitution DS
particle size
CMC - Production
CMC
O
O - N a + O
O - N a +
O O
O O
O
OH HO
O
OH H
O O
O O
O
O
OH HO
O
OH HO
O - N a +
O O - N a +
O
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
67
DP = (Average Chain Length)
• Is controlled by the manufacturing
process raw material (cellulose) source
• Determines the viscosity
development of the CMC
• Range includes grades from low to
extremely high viscosity
CMC - Degree of Polymerization (DP)
68
DS Average Number of CM-groups per Glucose Unit
0.9 0.7 Impact of increasing DS
• Higher gloss
• Smoother flow behavior, less pseudoplastic
• Clearer solutions (no fibers)
• Higher stability in low water content products
• Higher salt tolerance
CMC - Degree of substitution (DS)
CMC - Particle Sizes
Powdered Grades
• Will Clump if attempt to put directly into solution
• Requires dry blending agent
Granular Grades
• Goes into solution without clumping
• Takes longer to hydrate
Instantized Grades
• Very good dispersibility in cold water
• Fast viscosity build up
• No lumping
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70
CMC
Effect of Concentration
o Viscosity build is not linear (doubling will increase viscosity 6-10X)
Effect of Heat
o With increasing temperature the viscosity of the CMC solution
decreases (reversible)
o At temperatures above 90C (194 F) all CMC grades are thin flowing.
Effect of Shear
o The higher the shear, the greater the thinning effect.
o Reverses and builds back viscosity after shear is removed
Effect of Salt Concentration
o Viscosity decreases as salt concentration increases
Effect of pH
o Maximum viscosity between pH 6.5 - 8.5
o Viscosity falls on each side of that range
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Relation: CMC concentration and viscosity
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Concentration [%]
Vis
co
sit
y [
mP
a·s
]
CRT 30
CRT 100
CRT 1000
CRT 2000
CRT 10000
CRT 20000
CRT 30000
CRT 40000
CRT 50000
in water, 15 °C, BF LVT
CMC - Viscosity
72
The viscosity decreases during heating process.
Reversible Process – viscosity increase again by decreasing
the temperature!
14.000 12.00
0
10.000
8.000
6.000
4.000
2.000
0
20 30 50 70 100
Temperature [ºC]
example: WALOCEL® CRT 10000 GA
CMC - Heat Impact
73
CMC - Impact of Shear
Aqueous CMC-Solutions, Concentration 1.0 % by weight
10
100
1000
10000
100000
0,01 0,1 1 10 100 1000 10000
Shear rate / s-1
Vis
co
sit
y /
mP
a·s
CRT 60.000 PPA 07
CRT 20000 PA 07
CRT 2.000 PA
CRT 1000 GA 07
74
General behavior in the presence of salts:
• Tolerance is limited
• Viscosity decreases with increasing salt levels
• Higher DS CMCs are more stable than lower
The moment of salt (e.g. table salt) addition is important
• Dissolved CMC is more stable against salts than CMC which
is integrated in salt water
• The viscosity development of CMC is suppressed due to salt
water
CMC - Salt Tolerance
1. CMC 2. Salt
75
CMC - Effect of pH on Viscosity
Viscosity in relation to pH value (CMC atro)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
pH value
Vis
co
sit
y [
mP
a·s
]
CRT 30, V2
CRT 100, V2
CRT 1000, V2
CRT 2000, V2
CRT 10000, V1
CRT 20000 (07), V1
CRT 30000, V1
CRT 40000, V1
CRT 60000 (07), V0.5
• Maximum viscosity between pH 6.5 - 8.5
• Insoluble at pH < 3 (free acid form)
• Strong viscosity decrease at pH < 6
• Slight viscosity drop at pH > 9
Synergistic Combinations of
CMC With Other Hydrocolloids
76
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CMC
77
CMC + Guar Viscosity increase
Synergism CMC - Guar without shear stress
Walocel CRT 60000 PA 07 - Guar 5000, concentration: 0.5 % in sum
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Amount CMC in the blend [%]
Vis
cosity [m
Pa
s]
0.5 % (atro), measured value
Theoretical value
77
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Synergism of blends (50 : 50)
• Improved heat resistance compared to pure CMC
• Increased cold functionality compared to pure LBG
• Viscosity win (10 % at low shear)
• Good shear stability
78
CMC + Locust Bean Gum
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Improved stability and
functionality
79
"Synergism" between CMC and classic gelformers
such as κ-Carrageenan, Agar, Starch …)
Improved gel quality
Prolonged stability
No / less syneresis
Increased elasticity
79
Improved stability and functionality
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CMC + Gelforming Hydrocolloids
80
Foods Containing CMC
CMC - Overview on Food Applications
80
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81
CMC - Functions in Food
Thickener, Viscosifier (e.g. beverages, soups, dressings, sauces)
Texturizer (e.g. beverages, fruitpreparation)
Improve elasticity and plasticity
(e.g. extruded products, bakery products)
Gives viscosity to aqueous solutions
Improves body and mouthfeel, keeps consistency stable
over storage time
Good machinability / simplified post-processing
81
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Waterbinding (e.g. meat products, bakery products)
Crystallisation control (e.g. ice cream, frozen dough products)
Slows down the crystallisation speed, reduced crystal growth/size
Delayed retrogradation of amylose (anti staling agent)
Prevents water loss, suppressed syneresis
Prolonged freshness
Mouthfeel enhancer (e.g. fat-reduced products like fresh cheese
preparations, soups, sauces, beverages)
Simulates a ″fatty″ mouth feel, improved creaminess
82
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CMC - Functions in Food
83
Protein protection (e.g. fresh cheese, acidified dairy drinks)
Stabilizer (e.g. soups, dressings, sauces)
″Emulsifier″ (e.g. spreadable cheese, dressings)
CMC protects proteins against the effects of acid and heat
Keeps molecules stable and suspends particles
Stabilizes hydrophilic and lipophilic components,
support of classic emulsifiers
CMC - Functions in Food
83
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Gelling support (e.g. fresh cheese preps, desserts)
CMC improves the quality of gels and supports
gel-forming hydrocolloids
Foam stabilization
Fixing of foams, constant density, prolonged stand-up
CMC - Functions in Food
Partial replacement of traditional additives Fat and oil
Proteins (Proteins from milk/whey, meat, soy, wheat)
Sugar and lactose
84
3/12/2012
Guar Replacement with CMC
Guar Gum
• Guar provides thickening, texturizing, moisture-binding and freeze-thaw
stability
• 70-80% of guar gum is being used oilfield applications
Gum gum supply short of demand by ~25% in 2012
• Current prices roughly $7/lb
• 1% viscosity = 3500 – 5000 cPs
• CMC is a suitable, cost effective replacement
40,000 or 50,000 viscosity grade – 1:1 replacement
Synergy: 20/80 & 35/65 Guar/CMC offers a 2x viscosity gain vs
expected value
85
Guar Replacement with CMC
86
Properties Guar gum Cellulose gum
Cold and hot water soluble √ √
Dissolution time Medium - Fast Fast
Solution Transparency Cloudy Clear
Flavor Beany Neutral
Viscosity range 5000 -7000 @1% 30 to 50,000 @ 2%
Viscosity w/Shear Shear Thinning Shear Thinning
Viscosity w/Heat Heat Thinning Heat Thinning
Synergy Xanthan Guar, MC
pH Stability 5 – 7, loss below 3.5 Loss below 3.2
Moisture Holding Good Good
Freeze Thaw Stability √ √
Ionic Non Ionic Ionic
Milk Interaction Not Known Protective
CMC - Incorporation Methods
Procedure Physical Form Recommended Preparation
Granular Type (GA)
Powder Type (PA)
Fine Powder Type (PPA)
Separate Solution
+
–
–
High speed mixer should be used and CMC grades should be added slowly to aqueous solution. The dissolution time is about 30 – 60 minutes.
Dry Blend Mixture
–
+
+
Premix CMC grades with other powder ingredients of the formulation to avoid agglomeration or lumps.
Dispersion in organic solvents
or oil
+
+
+
CMC grades are dispersed in organic solvents/oil. The CMC dispersion is than added to water while stirring
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3/12/2012