Cellular Technologies

8/3/2019 Cellular Technologies

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CELLULAR TECHNOLOGIES

PHIL LOMBOY


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1st GENERATION

The 1G period began in the late 1970s andlasted through the 1980s.

These systems featured the first true mobilephone systems, known at first as "cellularmobile radio telephone."

These networks used analog voice signaling,and were little more sophisticated than therepeater networks used by amateur radiooperators.
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2nd GENERATION

The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much

of this technology is still in use. The 2G cell phone features digital voice

encoding.

Examples include CDMA and GSM. Since its

inception, 2G technologies have steadilyimproved, with increased bandwidth, packetrouting, and the introduction of multimedia.
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Capabilities and Features

Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, andremote control).

Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone,e-mail, paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Webbrowsing).

Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2Mbps).

Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, andNorth America.


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3G System Capabilities

Capability to support circuit and packet data

at high bit rates: 144 kilobits/second or higher in high mobility

(vehicular) traffic

384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic

2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic


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Common billing/user profiles:

Sharing of usage/rate information betweenservice providers

Standardized call detail recording

Standardized user profiles


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Support of multimedia services/capabilities:

Fixed and variable rate bit traffic Bandwidth on demand

Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverselinks

Multimedia mail store and forward Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second


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Interoperability and roaming

Capability to determine geographic positionof mobiles and report it to both the networkand the mobile terminal


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UMTS

UMTS (Universal Mobile

Telecommunications Service) is a third-generation (3G) broadband, packet-basedtransmission of text, digitized voice, video,and multimedia at data rates up to 2

megabits per second (Mbps).
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UMTS

UMTS is based on the Global System for Mobile (GSM)communication standard.

UMTS also makes it possible to provide new services likealternative billing methods or calling plans. For instance, userscan choose to pay-per-bit, pay-per-session, flat rate, orasymmetric bandwidth options.

The higher bandwidth of UMTS also enables other newservices like video conferencing or IPTV.

UMTS may allow the Virtual Home Environment (VHE) to fullydevelop, where a roaming user can have the same services toeither at home, in the office or in the field through a combinationof transparent terrestrial and satellite connections.
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UMTS

The electromagnetic radiation spectrum for

UMTS has been identified as frequencybands 1885-2025 MHz for future IMT-2000systems, and 1980-2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz for the satellite portion of UMTS

systems.
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CDMA

CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows

numerous signals to occupy a singletransmission channel, optimizing the use ofavailable bandwidth.
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CDMA

The technology is used in ultra-high-

frequency (UHF) cellular telephone systemsin the 800-MHz and 1.9-GHz bands.
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CDMA

The original CDMA standard, also known as

CDMA One and still common in cellulartelephones in the U.S., offers a transmissionspeed of only up to 14.4 Kbps in its singlechannel form and up to 115 Kbps in an eight-

channel form. CDMA2000 and widebandCDMA deliver data many times faster.
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CDMA 2000

CDMA2000, also known as IMT-CDMA Multi-Carrieror 1xRTT, is a code-division multiple access (CDMA)

version of the IMT-2000 standard developed by theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The CDMA2000 standard is third-generation (3-G)mobile wireless technology. The world's first 3G

commercial system was launched by SK Telecom(South Korea) in October 2000, using CDMA20001X.
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CDMA 2000

CDMA2000 can support mobile data

communications at speeds ranging from 144Kbps to 2 Mbps.

Versions have been developed by Ericssonand Qualcomm.

As of March 2006, the CDMA DevelopmentGroup reports more than 250,300,000subscribers worldwide.
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4th GENERATION

4G (also known as beyond 3G), an acronym

for Fourth-Generation CommunicationsSystem, is a term used to describe the nextstep in wireless communications.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_3Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond_3G


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4th GENERATION

A 4G system will be able to provide a

comprehensive IP solution where voice, dataand streamed multimedia can be given tousers on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, andat higher data rates than previous

generations.


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4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES

A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hzand bits/s/Hz/site)

High network capacity: more simultaneoususers per cell

A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s while the

client physically moves at high speedsrelative to the station, and 1 Gbit/s whileclient and station are in relatively fixedpositions as defined by the ITU-R
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiencyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITU-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiency


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4th GENERATION OBJECTIVES

A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any twopoints in the world

Smooth handoff across heterogeneous networks

Seamless connectivity and global roaming acrossmultiple networks,

High quality of service for next generationmultimedia support (real time audio, high speeddata, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoffhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handoff


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4th GENERATION

The technologies which are being considered

as pre-4G are the following: WiMax, WiBro,iBurst, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMaxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiBrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadbandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP_Long_Term_Evolutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBursthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiBrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMax


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THANKS

PHIL LOMBOY

Cellular Technologies

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