Cellular respiration-real life
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Transcript of Cellular respiration-real life
Cellular respiration-real life
• So far we’ve looked at glucose entering into cellular respiration... But what about proteins, carbs, fats & lipids? They give us energy too right?
• We need to eat a balanced diet-fats/lipids: essential for use of fat soluble
vitamins in our food to be used... – Proteins help build muscle, etc.
• These enter the metabolic process at different stages.
Varied diet and metabolic pathways
Nutrients enter the metabolic process at different stages.
• Proteins Amino acids pyruvate or krebs intermediate
• Carbos sugars glucose Glycerol G3P (in glycolysis)• Fats Fatty acids acetyl CoA
deamination
HTTP://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=PQMSJSME780&FEATURE=RELATED
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00jbG_cfGuQ cell resp crash courseVideo on breakdown during aerobic exercise
Anaerobic respiration
Photoautrophheterotroph
chemoautotrophwe all do it!
Cellular Respiration: The Big Picture
Cellular Respiration: The Details
Related Pathways
Fermentation occurs in the ABSENCE OF OXYGEN.
LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION
or
ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION.
Aerobic respiration
• Yields 36 ATP/glucose
• Produces CO2 and water
Fermentation
• Yields 2 ATP/glucose
• Produces ethanol or lactic acid
Anaerobic Pathways
• When oxygen is not available• Eukaryotes still carry out glycolysis by
transferring the H atoms in NADH to pyruvate • The NAD+ molecules formed allow glycolysis
to continue
Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation
Occurs in yeast cells and is used in wine, beer, and bread making
Ethanol (Alcohol) Fermentation
• A molecule of CO2 is removed from pyruvate, forming a molecule of acetaldehyde
• The acetaldehyde is converted to ethanol by attaching H from NADH
• FINAL PRODUCTS: ATP, CO2, ethanol
A particular organism releases carbon dioxide and alcohol as its end products. The organism is
most likely which of the following?
a. an animalb. an algac. a green plantd. a yeaste. a virus
d. a yeast
Anaerobic and aerobic respiration are similar in all but one of the following ways. Which one is the
exception?
A) NAD+ is reducedB) carbon dioxide is a productC) ADP is combined with inorganic phosphate to form ATPD) acetaldehyde is converted into ethanolE) both can release energy from glucose
D) acetaldehyde is converted into ethanol
Lactate (lactic acid) fermentation
• Occurs in animal muscle cells during strenuous exercise• FINAL PRODUCTS: ATP, lactate
What happens to lactic acid after it is formed in a muscle cell?
• Lactic acid travels in the bloodstream to the liver, where it is oxidized back to pyruvate, which then goes through the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
• The presence of lactic acid in the muscle tissues leads to stiffness, soreness, and fatigue.
Oxygen debt
• Oxygen debt refers to the extra oxygen required by the liver to oxidize lactic acid to CO2 and water (through the aerobic pathway)
• Panting “pays” for the oxygen debt
During active exercise, the supply of oxygen becomes inadequate for the level of activity you are attempting to
maintain. How do the catabolic reactions of the cell continue?
• Glycolysis continues to supply small amount of ATP, and the pyruvate that normally would continue on the Krebs cycle as acetyl-CoA is instead converted to lactate to regenerate NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue.
VO2 max and the Lactate Threshold
• The maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is the maximum volume of oxygen that the cells of the body can remove from the bloodstream in one minute per kg of body mass while the body experiences max. exertion.
• The lactate threshold (LT) is the value of exercise intensity at which blood lactate concentration begins to increase sharply.
Overview of Cellular Respiration which occurs in
STAGE 1: GLYCOLYSIS
STAGE 2: TWO MAIN PATHWAYS,
DEPENDING ON WHETHER THERE IS OXYGEN IN THE
CELL.
Aerobic Respiration produces nearly 20 times
as much ATP as is produced by Glycolysis
alone.
Anaerobic respiration
Read and make notes134-137 and answer #1-8 pg 137