Cellular Respiration NOTES AP OVERVIEW 2009
Transcript of Cellular Respiration NOTES AP OVERVIEW 2009
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How Cellular Respiration Works
(What the heck IS cellular respiration?)
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The EXACT OPPOSITEOF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
!!!!!!!!
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ALL living things obtain energy fromcellular respiration.
Cells break down glucose and obtain ATP.ATP is THEenergy storing molecule of cells.
Electrons are stripped from glucose aremade to form ATP.
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OVERVIEW of cellular respiration CH2O + O2 CO2 + H2O + 36ATP
carbohydrate + oxygen carbon + water + energy
(sugars) dioxide
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Cellular Respiration Take Two Steps 1.1. GlucoseGlucose is
converted toPYRUVATE
producing asmall amountof ATP andNADH.
(NADH is anelectron carriermolecule)
When O2 is present,pyruvate and NADHare used to produce
a large amount ofATP.
O2
2.
When O2
is NOTpresent, pyruvate isconverted to lactic acidor alcohol.
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Step 1 - Glycolysis Glycolysis happens in the CYTOPLASM
of the cell.
Very little ATP is made here. Means splitting sugars
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Step 1 GLYCOLYSIS continued
6-carbon Glucose is split into 2 moleculesof 3-carbon pyvuvate. This uses some
ATP and makes some ATP.
NET production = 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
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Step 2 - WITH OXYGEN CalledAEROBIC RESPIRATION Happens in the MITOCHONDRIA
Produces LOTS of ATP
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Step 2 - continued KREBS CYCLE - in t he matrix
of the mitochondria Series of reactions that produces:
ATP
electron carriers (NADH) and (FADH2),
and carbon dioxide.
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Pyruvate
6-Carbon
5-Carbon
4-Carbon
4-Carbon
Co-A
Acetyl Co-A
NAD+
NADH
CO2
Acetyl
ATP
NADH
NAD+
ADP
NAD+
NADHNAD+
NADH
FAD+
FADH2
COCO22
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STEP 3STEP 3Electron Transport Chain (ETC) of the
Mitochondria
NADH and FADH2 move into the
mitochondrial membrane--- carrying t
heirenergy to deliver to the final acceptor ---
OXYGEN!OXYGEN!
This energy drives the production of ATPacross the membrane proteins ---
CHEMIOSMOSIS - (Chemicals moving across a membrane) Makes 32 ATP !!!!!!!!!!!!
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SO ..If Oxygen is present.GLUCOSE
Pyruvate Pyruvate
Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle
E.T.C.
Glycolysis = 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle = 2 ATP
ETC = 32 ATP
TOTAL = 36 ATPMADE FROM ONE GLUCOSE
MOLECULE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
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What Happens When Oxygen isnt there?
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In absence of oxygen NADH and
FADH2have now
here to go. (remember,oxygen is supposed to collect their
energy in the ETC)
CALLED = ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION
SO- pyruvate FERMENTS. In animals, pyruvate forms LACTICACID
- not enough ATP to muscles = cramps In plants and yeast, pyruvate forms
ETHYL ALCOHOL
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How Cells break down other types of
molecules in this order: 1st- simple sugars (Glucose, Sucrose)
2nd complex carbohydrates
3rd fats (lipids)
4th proteins
5th nucleic acids (like DNA)