CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Bakersfield College 11... · cellular respiration Cellular Energy 19 ....
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Transcript of CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Bakersfield College 11... · cellular respiration Cellular Energy 19 ....
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Professor Andrea Garrison Biology 11
Illustrations ©2010 Pearson Education, Inc. , unless otherwise noted
Cellular Respiration
• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP
Cellular Energy 2
Cellular Respiration
• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP
• Provides all energy used by cell
Cellular Energy 3
Cellular Respiration
• Rearranges complex molecules to simpler molecules and uses energy released to make ATP
• Provides all energy used by cell
• Occurs in mitochondrion
Cellular Energy 4
Cellular Respiration
• Can occur with or without O2
– Aerobic respiration occurs with O2
• Most organisms
– Anaerobic respiration occurs without O2
• Strict anaerobes only respire without O2
• Facultative anaerobes use O2 if it’s present – Ex. Human muscle cells will go into O2 debt if no O2
– Ex. Yeast will produce ethanol if no O2
Cellular Energy 5
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Overall Equation:
And always some energy lost as waste heat
Cellular Energy 6
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• 4 basic steps
Goal of each step is to:
– break bonds between carbons
– Get rid of carbons as CO2
– keep the energy from bonds (as e-s) to make ATP
Cellular Energy 8
Modified by A. Garrison
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• 4 basic steps 1. Glycolysis (outside mito)
splits 6C sugar in half
*Steps 2,3,4 occur inside mito
2. 3C molecule converted to 2C molecule
3. Citric Acid Cycle breaks rest of carbons apart
4. Electron Transport Chain uses captured e-s to make ATP
Cellular Energy 9
Modified by A. Garrison
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• Each time bonds are broken, e-s are picked up by an electron carrier (H+s travel with e-s)
– NAD+ and FADH are electron carriers
– NAD+ + 2 e-s + 2H NADH + H+
– FAD + 2 e-s + 2H FADH2
Cellular Energy 10
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Let’s look at the physical properties of electrons in molecules and see what these
captured electrons can do
Cellular Energy 11
Electrons in energy shells of atoms
Cellular Energy 12
H C N O 1 e- 6 e-s 7 e-s 8 e-s
Shell can hold 2 e-s
Shell can hold 8 e-s
Electrons fill lower shells first
Cellular Energy 13
©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison
Electron not stable in higher shell if lower shell not filled
Cellular Energy 14
©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison
Can excite electrons by adding energy
Cellular Energy 15
energy Excited e-
©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison
Electrons will fall back to lower shell and release energy
Cellular Energy 16
Excited e- falls back
Energy released --as light --as heat
©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison
Electron transport – e- falls to lower shell of different molecule
Cellular Energy 17
e- from higher shell falls to lower shell of another molecule
Energy released --as ATP
©2010 Pearson Education, modified by A. Garrison
Electron transport in mitochondrion
• e-s fall to lower energy shells of successive e- carriers, giving off energy to make ATP
Cellular Energy 18
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Now let’s look at the details of
cellular respiration
Cellular Energy 19
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Two forms of glucose molecule; both found in solution
Cellular Energy 20
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
1. Glycolysis-- occurs in cytoplasm outside mitochondrion glucose + 2ATP + 2NAD+ 2 pyruvic acid + 4ATP + 2NADH 6C 3C
Cellular Energy 21
Modified by A. Garrison
NADH
ATP +
NADH
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2. If no O2 present, 3 C molecule converted to lactic acid; aerobic cellular respiration stops
Cellular Energy 22
Modified by A. Garrison
Glycolysis
NADH
NADH
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
2. If O2 present, 3 C molecule converted to 2C molecule 3C pyruvic acid + NAD+ 2C + CO2 + 2 NADH
Cellular Energy 23
Modified by A. Garrison
+ CO2 + Glycolysis
NADH
NADH
NADH
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
3. Citric Acid Cycle – occurs in matrix of mitochondrion Breaks apart the 2C molecule to get energy in bonds
Cellular Energy 24
NADH
NADH NADH FADH2
2C
+ ATP, NADH, FADH2
CO2
CO2
6C
4C
5C Every step requires specific
enzymes
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
4. Electron Transport Chain– occurs on cristae of mitochondrion
Most ATP made here
Cellular Energy 25
NADH
NADH NADH FADH2
NADH FADH2