Cellular organization and cell reproduction
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Transcript of Cellular organization and cell reproduction
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Cellular Organization and Cell Reproduction
4th Quarter
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Background Information Living things are made up of
cells. (Cell Theory) Cells vary in structure in
relation to the function they perform.
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Background Information Cells differ greatly in shape and
size. However they have the same main parts:
- cytoplasm, the part of the cell where most life activities take place;
- cell membrane, which envelopes the cytoplasm; and
- nucleus, the part of the cell where the genetic material is formed.
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Background Information
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Background Information The cell membrane, a living
double layer of fats and proteins, regulates the entry and exit of materials in the cell.
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Background Information Found in the cytoplasm
are the following: mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and vacuoles.
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Background Information
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Background Information The nuclear membrane, a
double layer of fats and proteins, covers the nucleus. Inside it are the nuclear sap (nucleoplasm), nucleolus and chromosomes.
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Background Information
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Importance of Cell Division to Living Things
Growth Development Repair of damaged body
parts and tissues (gametes).
Reproduction
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At Interphase cell grows, accumulates
nutrients and replicates its genetic material – all important events that prepare the cell division.
three stages: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase
90% of the entire cycle is devoted to the interphase.
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Stage 1 – G1 (Growth or Gap 1) Phase
cell is still young and undergoes rapid growth, cell attains its normal size
organelles are formed DNA and proteins the longest phase in most
cells
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Stage 2 – S (Synthesis) Phase
DNA inside the chromosome doubles by a process called replication
sister chromatid – strand of the double-stranded chromosome produced joined by the centromere
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Stage 3 – G2 (Growth) Phase
preparations for cell division cell synthesizes proteins and
continues to increase in size assembly of proteins RNA and proteins are made
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Stage 4 – M (Mitosis/Meiosis) Phase
cell undergoes division division of nucleus –
karyokinesis (nuclear division)
2 types of karyokinesis: mitosis and meiosis
division of cytoplasm – cytokinesis
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