Cellular Fundamentals 3G Technologies Bellevue Community College Bob Young, Instructor.
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Transcript of Cellular Fundamentals 3G Technologies Bellevue Community College Bob Young, Instructor.
Overview of 3G
• Transform wireless communications into on-line, real-time connectivity
• Immediate access to location-specific services
• Information on demand
A shift in focus:
3G wireless technology represents a shift from voice-centric services to multimedia-
oriented (voice, data, video, fax) services.
Market "Drivers": Remote access to personalized data Multimedia management Interoperability between a mobile
terminal (phone, PDA etc.) and other electronic devices
Synchronization and uploading of information
Increasing use of the Internet has created a demand for wireless access to the same data
What is 1G?
Analog wireless voice telephone service
Circuit switching technology Examples: In USA, AMPS (Advanced Mobile
Phone Service) In Europe and elsewhere, TACS (Total
Access Communication Systems)
What is 2G? (part 1)
•Early digital mobile phones
•Still using circuit switching technology
•Examples:
•GSM (Global System for Mobiles)
•NA-TDMA
•CDMA
What is 2G? (part 2)
• Some advanced voice services, such as Caller ID
• Some data capabilities, such as fax and SMS (Short Message Service)
• Data rates typically limited to about 9600 bps
• Not suitable for web browsing
• Not suitable for multimedia services
What is 2.5G? (part 1)
A stepping stone towards 3G Higher bandwidths, up to
about 384 Kbps in some cases
What is 2.5G? (part 2)
Examples:
1) High Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD)
2) General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
3) Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)
What is High Speed Circuit Switched Data?
• HSCSD is one step towards 3G wideband mobile data networks.
• Upgrade to GSM systems
• Circuit-switched technology• Data rates up to 57.6 Kbps
HSCSD implemented in:
Parts of Europe
Hong Kong
Singapore
Israel
South Africa
(To my knowledge, never implemented in USA)
How does HSCSD achieve 57.6 Kbps?
Uses 14.4 kbps data coding Aggregates 4 radio channel
timeslots of 14.4 Kbps 4 x 14.4 = 57.6 Kbps
What is General Packet Radio Service?
• GPRS is an intermediate step towards Internet Services
• Used on GSM networks
• Packet based technology
GPRS and IS-136
GPRS can be overlaid on IS-136 (NA-TDMA) networks
(Standards agreement reached in 1999)
GPRS implemented in:
•Parts of Europe
•Hong Kong
•United Kingdom
•United Arab Emirates
•USA
•several other countries
How does GPRS achieve 115 Kbps?
Looks up user profile in HLR/VLR to determine data rate allowed
Assigns multiple time slots (1 to 8) to achieve higher data rates
GPRS Network
Serving GPRS Support Node is the mobile's access to the data network
Gateway GPRS Support Node is the PLMN access to the Internet
Voice calls are still routed through the MSC
(see next slide for details)
What is EDGE?
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution
Increases throughput for both HSCSD and GPRS
Triples the data rate per time slot
EDGE for HSCSD is called ECSD
• Peak data rate is 64 Kbps, but uses fewer time slots.
• EDGE for GPRS is called EGPRS.
• Peak data rate using all 8 time slots, can exceed 384 Kbps.
• In practice, many operators are seeing only approximately 100 Kbps!
Ericsson's Definition of EDGE (part 1)
"A technology that gives GSM the capacity to handle services for the third generation of mobile
telephony."
Ericsson's Definition of EDGE (part 2)
"EDGE uses the same TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) frame structure, logic channel and 200kHz carrier bandwidth as today's GSM networks, which allows existing cell plans to remain intact."
Note that Ericsson calls EDGE a "third generation"
technology. • This may be more marketing
hype than reality.
• Most industry insiders consider EDGE a 2.5G "stepping stone" technology to 3G.
EDGE is part of a larger transition
"A year and a half into our program, we believe the decision to migrate to GSM and GPRS/EDGE/3GSM was THE best solution and decision for our company, our customers, and our shareholders...."
- Rod Nelson, CTO, AT&T Wireless
What is 3G?
• Convergence to a single global system
• Data speeds that support streaming audio/video
• Packet switched
• Full support for m-commerce
• Voice becomes a feature - perhaps not the driving characteristic - of the network
Hutchison on 3G
"There's nothing like 3G on the market at the moment. 3G is fusing together two of the most powerful consumer technologies in history - the Internet and the mobile phone."
- Hutchison 3G spokesman Edward Brewster
CDMA technology is recognized as providing:
•Clearer voice quality
•Less background noise
•Fewer dropped calls
•Enhanced security
•Greater reliability•Greater network capacity
What is W-CDMA?
•Also called UMTS
•Packet technology for 3GSM
•Current data rate: 384 Kbps
•Future data rate: 1.5 to 2 Mbps
•Then: 8 - 10 Mbps
What is 3GSM? "The technology on which 3GSM services will be delivered is built around a core GSM network with a Wideband-CDMA (W-CDMA) air interface, which has been developed as an open standard. Already over 85% of the world's network operators have chosen 3GSM's underlying technology platform to deliver their third generation services. 3GSM is a key element of GSM-The Wireless Evolution." ( - GSM Association)
3GSM Network
BSS is replaced by RNSBSC is replaced by RNCBTS is replaced by Node B(see next slide for details)
CDMA 1x (CDMA2000)
Single carrier, 1.2288 MHz (each, uplink and downlink)
Data rate: 144 Kbps now, 307 Kbps in the future
Considered 2.5G, not 3G
CDMA 1x EV-DO (CDMA2000)
Stands for "1x Evolution - Data Only" Data rate: 384 kbps - 2.4 Mbps
3G technology
CDMA 1x EV-DV (CDMA2000)
Stands for "1x Evolution - Data and Voice"
Data rate: 4.8 Mbps 3G technology