Cellular chemistry and biomolecules€¦ · (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). !...
Transcript of Cellular chemistry and biomolecules€¦ · (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). !...
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Cellular chemistry and biomolecules
pH scale, acids and bases. Structures, formulae and functions of simple compounds and basic biological molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids). Structure and function of organic molecules ss
Ch 2: Chemistry Review Ch 3: Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids Ch 4: Nucleic Acids and the Origin of Life
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pH, theory and practice
h$ps://www.utdallas.edu/~brikowi/Teaching/Field_Methods/WaterQuality_Background.html
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Buffers Theory
h$p://www.wewwchemistry.com/2012/12/how-‐do-‐buffers-‐work.html
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Buffers Theory and Potassium Phosphate example
h$ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_phosphate
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Buffers Tables
h$p://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/17/S1/S23
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Investigating Life, Chapter 27
• Single-celled organisms useful for investigation • Use of yeast • Use of chemistry • Visualization of
molecules and chemical properties
• “elegant” experiment!
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Carbohydrates: • Carbon skeleton • -OH group • ‘saccharides’ • ‘ose’ • Ring structure • Drawing out helps • alpha, beta
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Carbohydrates: • Linkages
matter • Glycosidic • Disaccharide
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Carbohydrates: • Linkages matter • Glycosidic • Polysaccharide • Structure • Digestability
h$ps://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/230/ProperLes+of+Macromolecules+II-‐Nucleic+Acids%2C+Polysaccharides+and+Lipids
h$p://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100/2k4ch3carbolipidnotes.html
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Carbohydrates: • Can be
modified in many ways
• Function
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Lipids: • Hydrophobic • Non polar • van der Waals • Very diverse • Fats • Oils • Fatty acid • Waxes • Steroid • Carotenoid • Phospholipid h$p://journal.fronLersin.org/arLcle/10.3389/fphys.2013.00168/full
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Lipids: • Hydrophobic • Non polar • van der
Waals • Very diverse
h$p://wiki.chemprime.chemeddl.org/index.php/CoreChem:Nonpolar_Lipids
• Fats • Oils • Saturated/
unsaturated • Fatty acid • Waxes
h$p://people.uwpla$.edu/~sundin/354-‐7/l547-‐49.htm
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Lipids: • Hydrophobic • Non polar • van der Waals • Very diverse • Xanthophyll, Carotenoid • Cholesterol, Steroid • (anthocyanin, tannin not
lipid)
h$p://www.worldsciencefesLval.com/2014/10/autumn-‐leaf-‐chem/ h$p://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/reader/2547?e=gob-‐ch17_s04 h$p://equipped.outdoors.org/2014/10/why-‐do-‐leaves-‐turn-‐different-‐colors.html
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Nucleic Acids: Genes and beyond
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Nucleic Acid • Genetic • Polymerization • DNA vs RNA • Replication
h$p://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/dna_molecule.php
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Nucleic Acids Origin of LIfe
• Controversy • Boiled, stoppered
flasks still clouded and contained microorganisms
• Did air itself contain “vital force”?
• Francesco Redi (1688): • Maggots do NOT
appear on sealed-off meat
• Louis Pasteur (1860’s): sterile cotton and swan-neck flask • Technique was careful • Results clear
Picture from Amoebamike at Wordpress.com: http://amoebamike.wordpress.com/2009/10/06/spontaneous-generation-a-brief-history-of-disproving-it/ Picture from MyXavierWiki: http://elf.xs.edu.ph/wiki/Francesco_Redi
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h$p://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=149
Nucleic Acids Origin of LIfe
• Controversy • Which
molecule? • Avery,
MacLeod, McCarty (1944)
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Lab 3c intro Use cultures innoculate today… maybe not
your pair, but your team’s Protein extraction Mechanical choice
Buffer choice Enzyme choice
• CENTRIFUGATION • SUPERNATANT
• FILTER for chromatography on FPLC