Cells

Theory, Structure, Function

What is a Cell?

The smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life

Robert Hooke

1665 Cork Cells “A lot of little

boxes” Dead Cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

1673 Hand lens First live cells

Schleiden

1838 observed that

plants are composed of cells

Schwann

1839 observed that all

animals are composed of cells

Yes humans are animals

Virchow

1858 observed that

cells come from other cells (reproduction)

Cell Theory

1. All living things are made of one or more cells.

2. The basic unit of structure and function within an organism is the cell.

3. All cells arise from existing cells.

Create a Timeline

Must include: Accurate time increments 4 Pictures Descriptions of each scientist

accomplishment Schleiden Hooke Schwann Van Leeuwenhoek Virchow

What is a Prokaryote?

An organism that lacks a nucleus

Lacks other membrane bound organelles

Ex. Bacteria

What is a eukaryote?

Organism that has a well defined nucleus

Contains membrane-bound organelles

Some Specialized cells can function without a nucleus, Ex. Red blood cells

Ex. Plants, Fungi, Animals, Humans

Create a T-Chart

With your shoulder partner create a T-chart that state the Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.

What are the two types of organisms?

Unicellular – a complete living organism that consists of only one cell Examples – bacteria

Multicellular – a living organism consisting of more then one cell Examples – animals, plants

Level of Organization

Cell tissue Organ Organs system Organism

What is an organelle?

A cell component that performs specific functions Example – nucleus, cell membrane

Cell Membrane

The outer boundary of the cell

Gives shape and flexibility to the cell

Is semi-permeable

Security guard

Mitochondria

Breaks down food molecules and releases energy in the form of ATP

Battery/Generator

Chloroplast

Only found in Plants Green Site of Photosynthesis

Golgi Apparatus

Receives proteins from ER and chemically modifies them

Processes, packages, and secretes cell products

Uses vesicles for transport

UPS

Ribosomes

The site of protein synthesis

Can be attached to the ER or float loose in the cell

Line workers

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER with ribosomes

Smooth ER w/out ribosomes

Prepares proteins for export

breaks down toxic substances;

Can be rough or smooth

Lysosome

Contains digestive enzymes

Digests and rids the cell of waste

Prevents bacteria and viruses from invading

Performs: Program Cell

Death

Nucleus

The cells brain Contains

chromosomes (DNA)

Involved in protein synthesis

Boss/Manager

Nucleolus

The nucleolus is within the nucleus.

ribosome RNA are synthesized

Cell Wall

Only in plant cells Thicker then the

membrane Relatively

inflexible Protects and

supports the cell

Block wall

Cytoplasm

Semi-fluid material inside a cell

Nutrient rich

Major cell organelles

Cilia and Flagella Hair-like organelles that extend beyond the

surface of the cell Assist in movement

Vacuole

Sack of fluid surrounded by a membrane

Stores food, enzymes or waste.

Animals cells typically have many small ones

Plant cells typically have one large one

Storage closet

Plant cell vs. Animal cell

Plant Cells have: Cell Wall One Large vacuole Plastids (stores food or pigment which

give color to plant) Chloroplast Solar panel

Closing Quiz Cells

1. Which organelle propels a cell through an environment? Hint there are two possible answers.(1 pt)

2. Which organelle is the final processing center for a protein? (1pt)

3. Which three organelles are present in plant cells but not animal cells? (3 pts)

4. What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote? (1 pt)