• HOMEOSTASIS: The maintenance of equilibrium (constant conditions) by automatic mechanisms that counteract influences toward disequilibrium (sweating)

• PERMEABILITY: Able to pass through• ENERGY PRODUCTION: Photosynthesis (plants) and Cellular

Respiration (plants and animals)• TRANSPORTATION OF MOLECULES: Passive (requires no energy)

or active (energy)• DISPOSAL OF WASTES: Usually done by lysosomes and enzymes • CELLULAR PARTS: All of the organelles (nucleus, ribosome, ER,

golgi…)• SYNTHESIS OF NEW MOLECULES: Protein synthesis (DNARNA

Proteins)

Homeostasis

• Is the process by which the organisms keep their internal conditions relatively constant despite changes in external environments

• Examples– Sweating– Shivering – Osmotic Regulation

MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS• Excreting

Wastes (Lysosomes)

• Taking in Materials (Cell Membrane)

• Storing Materials (Vacuoles)

Environmental Effects on Cells

ACQUIRING ENERGY• Photosynthesis (plants)

• Cellular Respiration (both)

• Adenosine Triphosphate

•ATP is stored chemical energy.

• The energy is stored in the in the bonds between the three phosphates.

ATP

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

Photosynthesis Equation

Cellular Respiration Equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36ATP

Light

INTERCELLULAR TRANSPORT

• Passive– Diffusion– Osmosis

• Active– Pumps– Membrane Movements

High Concentration

Low Concentration

Pass

ive

Tra

nspo

rt

High Concentration

Low Concentration

Active T

ransportHigh Concentration

Low Concentration

What is happening here???

Types of Solutions

Why doesn’t the plant cell undergo lysis?

Explain what is

happening in this

cartoon…

Basic Cell Structures• Plasma Membrane• Cell Wall (plants only)• Nucleus

– Nuclear Pores• Nucleolus (makes ribosomes)• Chromatin-Chromosomes• Endoplasmic Reticulum

– smooth– rough

• Ribosomes• Golgi Body or Apparatus

• Mitochondria• Chloroplasts (plants only)• Vacuoles• Lysosomes• Centrioles (used in mitosis)• Cytoskeleton

– microtubules– microfiliments

• Cilia• Flagella

Cell Vocabulary• Prokaryote: an organism with a

nucleus• Eukaryote: an organism without

a

Differences between Plant and Animal

CellsPLANT CELLS

• Square or “boxy”

• Have a cell wall

• Have chloroplasts

• Large vacuoles• Usually green

(because of the chlorophyll)

ANIMAL CELLS

• Round

• No cell wall

• No chloroplasts

• Small vacuoles

• Have centrioles

Central DogmaThe basic idea

that DNA is changed into RNA which is changed into

proteins