CELLS Presentation

8/13/2019 CELLS Presentation

1/27

ELLS Theory

Movements

Functions


2/27


3/27

THE CELL

THEORY


4/27

Robert Hooke (1665)

little boxes of cells

Proponents of The Cell

Theory


5/27

Matthias Schleiden (1838)He concludes that all plants aremade up of cells.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

Observes tiny living organisms indrops of pond water through his

simple microscope.


6/27

Rudolph Virchow (1855)

He proposes that all cells comefrom existing cells.

Theodor Schwann (1839)

He concludes that all animalsare made up of cells.


7/27

The Cell Theory states that:

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure andfunction in living things.

New cells are produced from existing cells.


8/27

Cell Categories


9/27


10/27

Eukaryotes

The cells of eukaryotes do contain nuclei.

In addition to a nucleus, a cell membrane,

and cytoplasm, most cells of eukaryotescontain dozens of other specialized

structures called organelles, that perform

important cellular function.


11/27


12/27

Cell Structures


13/27

Cell Membrane

A thin, flexible barrier around the

cell.

Cell Wall

The cell wall lies outside the cell

membrane.

Its main function is to providesu ort and rotection for the cell.

Basic Cell Structures

Nucleus

A large structure that contains

the cells genetic material andcontrols cell activities.

Cytoplasm

Material inside the cell

membranebut not including

the nucleus.


14/27

Nucleus The nucleus controls most cellprocesses and contains the

hereditary information of DNA

(deoxyribonucleic acid).

a. Chromatin the granular

material visible within the

nucleus.

b. Chromosomes cell divides, thechromatin condenses to

chromosomes.

c. Nucleolus its function was still a

mystery, however, this is where

the assembly of ribosomes begins.

d. Nuclear Envelope it is dotted

with thousands of nuclear pores,

w/c allow material to move into

and out of nucleus.


15/27

Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is a network of

protein filament that helps the

cell to maintain its shape and is

involved in many forms of cell

movement.

a. Microtubuleshallow tubes of

protein. They maintain cellshape and can also serve as

tracks along w/c organelles are

moved.

b. Microfilaments long, thin fibers

that function in the movementand support of cell.


16/27

Organelles in

the Cytoplasm


17/27

Ribosomes

They produce proteins following coded

instructions that come from the nucleus.


18/27

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic

reticulum is the organelle

in which components of

the cell membrane are

assembled and some

proteins are modified.

a. Rough ER involved in the

synthesis of proteins

b. Smooth ER containscollections of enzymes that

perform specialized tasks,

such as synthesis of lipids.


19/27

Golgi Apparatus

Proteins produced by the

rough endoplasmic

reticulum move into a stack

of membranes called the

Golgi apparatus.

Enzymes in the Golgi

apparatus attach

carbohydrates and lipids to

proteins.


20/27

Lysosomes

Small organelles filled with

enzymes.

One function of lysosomes is

to break down lipids,

carbohydrates, and

proteins from food into

particles that can be used

by the rest of the cell.


21/27

Vacuoles

Cells often store materials

such as water, salts, proteins,

and carbohydrates in saclike

structures known as vacuoles.


22/27

Chloroplasts

Chloroplasts use the energy

from sunlight to make energy

rich-food molecules in a process

known as photosynthesis.


23/27

Mitochondria

Organelles that release

energy from stored food

molecules.

Mitochondria use energy

from food to make high

energy compounds that

the cell can use to power

growth, development,

and movement.


24/27

Organelle DNA

These small DNA molecules

contain information that is

essential for the normal

function of organelles.


25/27

ANIMAL CELL


26/27

PLANT CELL


27/27

CELLS Presentation

Documents

Transcript of CELLS Presentation