Cells & Organelles page 20. Organelles? Specialized structures with specialized functions Containers...
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Transcript of Cells & Organelles page 20. Organelles? Specialized structures with specialized functions Containers...
Organelles?
• Specialized structures with specialized functions
• Containers / Organization• Membranes as sites for chemical
reactions
mitochondria
chloroplast
Golgi
Cells have to work to live…• What do cells have to do?– Make proteins
• Proteins control EVERY cell function
– Make energy• For daily life & growth
– Food & water storage– Maintain homeostasis
– Movement– Miscellaneous
Building Proteins
• Organelles involved:– Nucleus– Ribosomes– Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Golgi apparatus– Vesicles
THE PROTEIN ASSEMBLY LINENucleus Ribosome ER Golgi apparatus Vesicles
Nucleus
• = contains DNA – genetic information
• Known as the “control center” of the cell• Gives the instructions for protein synthesis
Ribosomes
• = Site of protein production (where proteins are made)
• RNA gets the code from DNA and takes it to the ribosomes
• They look like small dots!
Making Energy
• Cells must convert incoming energy to forms that they can use for work
• Organelles involved:– Mitochondria• Glucose ATP
– Chloroplast• Sunlight Glucose ATP
Mitochondria
• = where energy (ATP) is made
• Known as the “powerhouse” of the cell• Contains folds called cristae– If you INCREASE the surface area (# of folds),
MORE energy is made!
Chloroplast
• = where photosynthesis takes place– Makes GLUCOSE!
• ONLY PLANT CELLS HAVE CHLOROPLAST!– Remember photosynthesis is the reaction plants
use to make their own food
Vacuole
• = stores waste (mostly water)
• Larger in plant cells than animal cells– Plants need to absorb excess water
– Larger Vacuole = More water– Smaller Vacuole = Less water
Plasma Membrane
• = responsible for maintaining a stable, internal environment AKA HOMEOSTASIS– It allows certain materials in to and out of the cell
• Known as the “gatekeeper”– AKA :• Semi-permeable• Cell Membrane• Phospholipid Bilayer
Plasma Membrane
• Made of many PHOSPHOLIPIDS– Heads: Hydrophilic
(Water loving)
– Tails: Hydrophobic(Water fearing)
Cilia & Flagella
• Cilia = movement; short, hair-like structure
• Flagella = movement; long, whip-like structure
Cell Wall
• = provides structure and support to PLANT cells
• ONLY PLANT CELLS HAVE A CELL WALL• Located on the outside of the plasma
membrane