Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.
-
Upload
susan-hodges -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.
![Page 1: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cells
![Page 2: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under
crude microscope
![Page 3: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In 1673, van Leeuwenhoek saw unicellular organisms in pond scum
First to see bacteria and yeast
![Page 4: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Two centuries pass; Schleiden (1838) proposes all plants are made of cells
Schwann makes same claim for animals Wrote first Cell Theory:
1. All organisms are made of one or more cells. 2. Cell is basic unit of life.
All plants are made of cells!
Wow! So are all animals! Let’s make up a “cell
theory”!
![Page 5: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Who wrote the first two parts of the cell theory?
A. Hooke B. van Leeuwenhoek C. Schleiden D. Schwann E. Both C and D
![Page 6: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
20 years later, Virchow saw that all cells come from other cells
Added 3rd part of cell theory: 3. All cells come from existing cells.
All cells come from other cells!!
![Page 7: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
All cells have…
Lots of different kinds of cells, but all have: Cell Membrane DNA Cytoplasm Organelles Small Size
![Page 8: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Which of the following is NOT something that ALL cells have in common?
A. Cell Membrane
B. DNA
C. Chloroplasts
D. Cytoplasm
E. Organelles
F. Small Size
![Page 9: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Membrane
Also called plasma membrane Surrounds all cells Has holes to allow things in and out
![Page 10: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Which of the following is NOT true of the cell membrane?
a. Also called plasma membrane
b. Surrounds all cells
c. Only found in animal cells
d. Has holes to allow things in and out
![Page 11: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
DNA Hereditary material Controls all of the cell’s activities Has info needed to make new cells
![Page 12: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Which of the following is NOT true of DNA?
a. It is the hereditary material
b. It makes fats for the cell
c. It controls all of the cell’s activities
d. It has the info needed to make new cells
![Page 13: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Fluid that fills the cell
![Page 14: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Organelles
Structures inside that perform special jobs for the cell (example: ribosomes=make protein, etc.)
![Page 15: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Small Size
Almost all require use of microscope Large organisms have more cells, not bigger
ones!!
![Page 16: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Two types of Cells
Prokaryotic Bacteria! No nucleus Organelles are not
covered with a membrane
DNA is a circle
Eukaryotic All other cells Has a nucleus Organelles are covered
with a membrane (skin) DNA is linear (in a line)
![Page 17: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Identify which cell is prokaryotic.
A B
![Page 18: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Eukaryotic Cells
Very complex! Inside parts (organelles) are difficult to see
![Page 20: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cell Membrane Double layer Has pores (holes) which allow things in and
out Selectively permeable = “choosy” about what
enters and leaves the cell.
![Page 21: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cell Wall Plants, algae and fungi only Made of cellulose Strength and support
![Page 22: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Which of the following is NOT true of cell walls?
A. Plant cells and fungi cells have them. B. Animal cells have them. C. They are made of cellulose. D. They provide strength and support for the
cell.
![Page 23: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nucleus Nucleus means “kernel” or “nut” Membrane covered, with holes so things can
pass through Control center: stores DNA (instructions for
making protein and reproduction)
![Page 24: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ribosomes
Cells are made of proteins. Amino acids link together to make proteins at
ribosomes
= Protein
![Page 25: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Endoplasmic reticulum Also called ER Makes lipids (fats) Breaks down drugs and other dangerous
chemicals Also delivery system
of cell Rough and Smooth
![Page 26: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Which of the following is not true of endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Also called ER B. Makes lipids (fats) C. Breaks down drugs and other dangerous
chemicals D. Delivery system of cell E. Comes in only one type: rough ER
![Page 27: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mitochondria
Cells need energy. Where do they get it? Food is broken down for energy at the
mitochondria Needs oxygen to function
ATPADENOSINE TRI-
PHOSPHATE
![Page 28: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Chloroplasts
In plants and algae Organelle which converts
light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into sugar (FOOD!)
Contain chlorophyll, the pigment that does this
![Page 29: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Golgi Complex
Packages and ships materials out of the cell
Looks like ER, but closer to cell membrane
Little pieces can pinch off and leave the cell
![Page 30: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Lysosomes
Filled with enzymes (chemicals which sometimes break things down)
Destroy waste and old cell parts, as well as invaders
![Page 31: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Storage Centers Vesicles: membrane
covered “bubbles” that form when part of the cell membrane surrounds something and pinches off
Vacuoles: huge storage areas for water and other liquids, especially in plants
![Page 32: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Cytoskeleton The cytoskeleton is similar to the skeletons in
animals. They provide strength and structure. They help hold organelles in place. They can also help move things around
inside a cell.
![Page 33: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Answer the following questions. Restart the PowerPoint to find them. DON’T GUESS! (True or False) Elephants have bigger cells
than mice do. ___________ (True or False) To be selectively permeable
means that you are not “choosy” about what materials you allow to enter and leave the cell. ___________
(True or False) Lysosomes digest waste and invaders through the use of enzymes (special chemicals). __________
![Page 34: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
(True or False) Oxygen is not needed when energy is made at the mitochondria. ______
(True or False) Amino acids are chemicals which link together to make carbohydrates. _______
(True or False) Proteins are assembled at ribosomes. __________
(True or False) There are three main types of cells: prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and protokaryotic. ________
(True or False) The Golgi Complex is similar to a post office; it packages materials for shipment out of the cell. ___________
![Page 35: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Which of the following is NOT true of chloroplasts?
A. Found in plants and algae. B. Changes sunlight and water into food. C. Found in some animal cells D. Contain the pigment chlorophyll.
![Page 36: Cells. Discovery of Cells 1665: Robert Hooke looking at cork under crude microscope.](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022052510/56649e575503460f94b5079b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Which of the following is not true of the nucleus?
A. Its name means “kernel” or “nut”. B. It has holes in it. C. It is only found in plant cells. D. It is the control center of the cell,
containing the DNA.