CellsCells

The Basic Unit of LifeThe Basic Unit of LifeBy: Ms. McMillanBy: Ms. McMillan

What is the cell?What is the cell?

The basic unit of The basic unit of lifelife

Performs many Performs many basic functions to basic functions to sustain lifesustain life

Parts of an Eukaryotic Parts of an Eukaryotic CellCell

Cell MembraneCell Membrane NucleusNucleus Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)Endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth) RibosomeRibosome Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus MitochondriaMitochondria LysosomesLysosomes CytoplasmCytoplasm CentriolesCentrioles NucleolusNucleolus VacuoleVacuole

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

Fluid Mosaic modelFluid Mosaic model Semi-permeableSemi-permeable Made mostly of Made mostly of

cholesterolcholesterol Has channels that Has channels that

allow certain things allow certain things inin

Osmosis- diffusion Osmosis- diffusion of water across a of water across a membranemembrane

NucleusNucleus

Center of the cellCenter of the cell Contains all the Contains all the

genetic informationgenetic information Has two Has two

membranes: inner membranes: inner and outerand outer

Has DNAHas DNA Present in all Present in all

eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells 1 per cell1 per cell

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

Two types are the rough and the Two types are the rough and the smoothsmooth

Rough is continuous with the Rough is continuous with the nuclear membrane and contains nuclear membrane and contains ribosomesribosomes

Ribosomes makes the proteinsRibosomes makes the proteins Smooth ER makes the lipids (fats)Smooth ER makes the lipids (fats)

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Packages proteins Packages proteins for exit out of the for exit out of the cellcell

Looks like sacsLooks like sacs Has two sides a cis Has two sides a cis

and a trans and a trans Present in all Present in all

animal cellsanimal cells

MitochondriaMitochondria

The Power house of The Power house of the cellthe cell

Makes all the energy Makes all the energy in the form of ATPin the form of ATP

ATP means ATP means Adenosine Adenosine TriphosphateTriphosphate

Has folds called Has folds called cristae which cristae which increases the surface increases the surface areaarea

LysosomesLysosomes

Single membrane Single membrane organellesorganelles

House enzymes House enzymes used for used for degradationdegradation

Degrades proteinsDegrades proteins Garbage disposal Garbage disposal

of the cellof the cell

CytoplasmCytoplasm

Liquid substance within the plasma Liquid substance within the plasma membranemembrane

Contains proteins, salts and Contains proteins, salts and organellesorganelles

CentriolesCentrioles

Small set of Small set of microtubules microtubules arranged in a arranged in a certain waycertain way

Play a major role Play a major role in cell divisionin cell division

NOT present in NOT present in most plants and most plants and fungal cellsfungal cells

NucleolusNucleolus

Contains RNA for Contains RNA for manufacturing manufacturing proteinprotein

Plant Cell Plant Cell

Has cell wallHas cell wall Cell wall is rigid Cell wall is rigid

and present only in and present only in plants and plants and prokaryotesprokaryotes

Has chloroplasts Has chloroplasts that are used for that are used for photosynthesisphotosynthesis

ChloroplastsChloroplasts

Food producers of Food producers of the cellthe cell

Found in plants Found in plants and some protistsand some protists

Responsible for Responsible for photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Chlorophyll – Chlorophyll – pigment that gives pigment that gives plants their green plants their green colorcolor

VacuoleVacuole

Storage bubbles Storage bubbles found in cellsfound in cells

Found in both Found in both animal & plant animal & plant cellscells

Larger in plant Larger in plant cellscells

Stores food or Stores food or nutrientsnutrients

Can store wasteCan store waste

Prokaryotic CellProkaryotic Cell Prokaryotic = Prokaryotic =

prenucleusprenucleus No membrane No membrane

bound organellesbound organelles Have cell wall and Have cell wall and

cytoplasmic cytoplasmic membranemembrane

DNA free floats in DNA free floats in cytoplasmcytoplasm

Prokaryotic Cell WallProkaryotic Cell Wall Composed of subunits found nowhere else in Composed of subunits found nowhere else in

naturenature Produces symptoms of diseaseProduces symptoms of disease Site of action of some of the most effective Site of action of some of the most effective

antibioticsantibiotics