Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

How How small are small are

cells?cells?

Some Random Cell Facts

• The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!

• It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i”

WOW!!!

What are What are “Organelles“Organelles

””??

Organelles of the Animal Cell• Ribosomes

• Chromosomes• Nucleus• Vacuole

• Cytoplasm• Cell Membrane

• Endoplasmic Reticulum• Mitochondria

• Lysosome• Golgi apparatus

All Cells•Have organelles

•Cell Membrane

•Cytoplasm

•DNA

CELL MEMBRANE-

IN PLANT CELLS- found just inside the cell wall.

IN ANIMAL CELLS – It is the outer covering of the cell.

It has tiny openings or pores that control the movement in and out of the cell.

It is selectively permeable.

Cytoplasm

• Region between the nucleus and cell membrane

– Clear, thick jelly-like substance

– Constantly moving

– Contains many important organelles

DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

•Found in all cells

•Carries genetic(hereditary) information

•Controls activities of the cell

•Usually found in nucleus

Plant and Animal Cells

Jane Horstmann

Plant or animal cell?How can you tell?

This is an animal cell because _______________.

More pictures of cells

Two Kinds of Cells

•Prokaryotic: without a nucleus

•Eukaryotic: with a nucleus

Prokaryotes•Single cell, without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles

•Most common - Bacteria

Eukaryotic•All protists are eukaryotes

most are unicellular•Multicellular – many cells•Can see with your eye•Animals, Plants•Fungi – mushrooms and

yeast

Cell Structures, Functions and

Transport

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells

Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function

1. Nucleus

– Nickname: “The Control Center”

– Function: holds the DNA– Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in

the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus Ribosomes

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm


2. Ribosomes– Function: makes proteins

• Grain like

• Made by the nucleolus

• Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid)

– RNA –directs the production of protiens. This is controlled by DNA

– Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic– Location: endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm


3. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)– Nickname: “Roads”– Function: Transport system that

carries proteins throughout the cell. • tubular • leading out from the nuclear

membrane throughout the cell.• May go out to the cell membrane

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Endoplasmic ReticulumDELIVERY SYSTEM OF THE CELL

2 Types:

1.Rough ER:

–Rough appearance because it has ribosomes

–Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes

2.Smooth ER:

–NO ribosomes

–Function: makes fats or lipids

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus



Ribosomes

Golgi Complex

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm


4. Golgi Complex– Nickname: The shippers

– Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell

– Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus



Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm


5. Lysosomes: small and circular, but bigger than ribosomes

– Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”

– Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells

– Common in animal cells but rare in plant cells

Section 7-2

Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal CellsAnimal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus



Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm


6. Mitochondria– Nickname: “The Powerhouse”– Function: Supplies most of the energy for the cell

• Breaks down food (glucose) into water and carbon dioxide, which releases energy. This is called respiration

– stores energy– more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have– Has small amount of DNA. Scientist believe they were

once free living organisms that invaded the cell millions of years ago.

Animal Cell

Nucleus

Nucleolus



Ribosomes

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

• Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole


7. Vacuoles

– Function: stores water

• This is what makes lettuce crisp

– When there is no water, the plant wilts

– Plants often have one or two very large ones

– Animals have small and few

– Act as storage tanks for food, water, materials needed by the cell, and waste products.

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts


8. Chloroplasts– Function: traps energy from the sun to produce

food for the plant cell

– Process is called photosynthesis

• Equation for photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2

– Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Section 7-2


Go to Section:

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall


9. Cell Wall– Function: strong, rigid; made of

cellulose, provides support and protection to the cell membrane, allows materials (carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and other dissolved materials) to pass in and out

– Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell

Cell Membrane

Vacuole

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall

Nucleolus

Nucleus

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Golgi Bodies

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

How Are They Different?Plant Cell

• cell wall and cell membrane

• rectangular shape • large vacuole• makes glucose

– contains chloroplasts - which make chlorophyll - which is used for photosynthesis

Animal Cell

• cell membrane

• oval or round shape

• small vacuoles

Comparing Plant and Animal CellsPlant Animal

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

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