Cells and Classification of Life Reassessment Review

Directions

•Click “Slideshow” then “From Beginning” to view this presentation properly.

•Take detailed notes.

•STUDY and quiz your self over the information.

CELLS

Prokaryotic Cells – Single-celled organisms that do not have membrane-bound internal structures;

no nucleus; simple cells with very little organization of the materials inside.

EXAMPLE: bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells –cells that have organelles; contain nucleus; cells with organized structures

EXAMPLES: Protists, Animals, Plants, and Fungi

Cell Parts

Cytoplasm – All cells contain cytoplasm. It is a clear gel-like fluid

(liquid) which takes up most space inside the cell, where many cell reactions and

where organelles are located

Nucleus – Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. control center of cell; brain of cell; usually located near center of cell; controls

cell activity; contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).

Cell membrane – All cells have a cell membrane. It is the protective barrier of the

cell that holds it together. It lets good material in and bad material out.

Cell Wall – stiff outer barrier of a plant cell, outside of the cell membrane, mostly made up of cellulose, provides extra support and gives it shape; surrounds cells of plants,

fungi, and bacteria

DOMAINS

The Three Domains of Life

The 3 Domains of LifeDomains are the first and the broadest

of classifications.

• One domain is Archea, which is composed of the organisms in the Kingdom Archeabacteria.

• Bacteria is the second prokaryotic domain and is also composed of single kingdom Eubacteria.

• The third domain, Eukarya, contains all four of the eukaryotic kingdoms: Animalia (animals), Fungi (fungi), Plantae (plants), and Protista (protists).

KINGDOMS

The 6 Kingdoms of Life

The Kingdoms of Life

• Biologists have further classified living things into six groups called Kingdoms.

• Biologists group organisms into six Kingdoms based on the following:– Cell Type

• Organisms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes.

– Cell Number• Organisms are either unicellular or multicellular.

– Nutrition• Organisms are either autotrophs or heterotrophs.

• Archeabacteria

• Eubacteria

• Protista

• Fungi

• Plantae

• Animalia

Kingdom – a system used to classify and organize different organisms found on Earth into groups

• Contains all of Domain Archae.

• Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that live in very harsh conditions.

Kingdom Eubacteria

• Contains all of Domain Bacteria.

• Bacteria are prokaryotes and have no internal nucleus.

• Bacteria are found in practically every environment on Earth.

• Single or multi-celled organisms• Reproduce by spores• Heterotrophs that eat dead or living organisms -

decomposer• Yeasts, molds, mushrooms

• multi-cellular organisms • surrounded by a cell wall• make their own food (photosynthesis) • Eukaryotes• Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants• Flowering plants produce seeds in flowers; conifers

make seeds in cones; mosses and ferns reproduce by spores

• multi-cellular organisms• eukaryotes• get energy from other organisms (omnivores)

• mostly single-celled organisms• eukaryotes• Some feed on other organisms; ex. Amoeba and

paramecium (heterotroph)• Some make their own food (photosynthesis); ex.

Euglena and algae (autotroph)