Blok 4 Skenario 1

By: Hellia Putri A

SEL

DNA

PERBEDAAN SEL

PENDAHULUAN

Abad 17 Anton Von Leeuwenhoek hand-held microscope.

Th 1665 Robert Hook (Inggris) Th 1838-1839 Matthias Schleiden dan

Theodore Schwann TEORI SELa. All living things are made of one or more

cells.b. Cells are the basic unit of structure & function

in organisms. c. Cell come only from the reproduction of

existing cells.

WHAT IS CELL??

The cell is the basic unit of structure & function, is the smallest unit that can still carry on all life processes (Cooper,2000)

Sel merupakan satuan struktural yang fundamental dan fungsional bagi kehidupan (Pelczar,1986).

STRUCTUR AND FUNCTION OF THE CELLCell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Mithocondrion

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

Lysosome

Cillia and flagella

Nucleus

Vakuola

Plastida

Cell wall

Endoplasmic reticulum

Mycrofilaments and

mikrotubulus

CELL MEMBRANE

7,5-10nm Seperates the cytoplasm of the cell from its

enviroment Protect the cell & control what enters and leaves Selective permeable Composed of a lipid bilayer made of phospolipid

molecules.

Membrane Proteins A variety of protein molecules are

embedded in the cell’s lipid bilayer. Helps move materials into & out of the

cell.

Cytoplasm

Composed of organelles & cytosol 70-90% water and is a colorless

material.

MITOCONDRION

Respiration (breaking down glucose to get energy)

Energy ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Have their own DNA

RIBOSOME

Cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serve as the site for protein synthesis in the cell.

May be free in cytoplasm or attached to the ER

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM Rough ER has embedded ribosomes on its

surfaces for making proteins

Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & helps break down poisons, wastes, & other toxic chemical. And also helps process carbohydrates & lipids.

GOLGI APPARATUS

Main function is to carry out processing of proteins generated in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Synthesis of proteoglycans animal cells Vesicels found in the golgi body do the work of

transporting different types of molecules to cell membranes.

Diktiosom plant cells

LYOSOME

Lysosome = specialized vesicle Hold enzymes that were created by the

cell hydrolytic enzym. digest food or break down cellular

waste products, fats, carbohydrates, proeins and the cell when it dies into simple compounds.

CYTOSKELETON

Consist of a network of long protein tubes & strands in the cyptoplasm to give cells shape and helps move organelles.

Cytoskeleton element General function

Microtubules Move materials within the cell

Move the cilia and flagella

Actin filaments Move the cell

Intermediate filaments Provides mechanical

Cilia short. Line respiratory tract to remove dust & move paramecia.

Flagella long whip like tails (1-3 number).

NU

CLEU

S

In the middle of the cell contains DNA & acts as the control center.

Coordinates the cell’s activities.

Chromatin is the long strand of DNA, wich coils during cell division to make chromosomes.

CELL WALLS

Protective layers around the cell membrane in plants, bacteria, & fungi.

Fungal chitin. Plant cellulose.

VACUOLES

Serves as a storage area for protein, ions, wastes, and cell products such as glucose.

May contain poisons to keep animal from eating them.

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

DNA is a long, double-straned, linear molecule composed of multiple nucleotide sequences. It acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA.

Nucleotides are composed of a base (purine & pyrimidine), a deoxyribose sugar, and phospate grup.

The Purines adenine (A) & guanine (G) The pyrimidines cytosine (C) & thymine (T)

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid) The DNA double

helix consist of two complementary DNA strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the base pairs A-T and G-C.

DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)

Informasi herediterPersiapan pembelahan selMerancang sintesis proteinMembentuk RNAMengontrol aktivitas hidup

PEMBELAHAN SEL

Suatu proses membelahnya sel induk menjadi dua atau lebih sel anak.

1. Amitosis2. Mitosis3. Miosis

AMITOSIS

Pembelahan sel secara langsung / biner.

Tidak melibatkan kromosom. Pada sel prokariotik bakteri. Membentuk keturunan baru

MITOSIS

Pembelahan pada sel somatik yang menghasilkan 2 sel anakan yang sama dengan sel induk.

MIOSIS

Pembelahan reduksi yang memisahkan kromosom-kromosom yang homolog. Terjadi pada proses gametogenesis.

ORGANISME

Organon = alat kumpulan molekul yang saling

mempengaruhi sehingga berfungsi secara stabil dan memiliki sifat hidup (Makhluk hidup)

Manusia, tumbuhan, hewan serta mikroorganisme.

CIRI ORGANISME

Bernafas Bergerak Tumbuh Berkembang biak Memerlukan nutrisi Peka terhadap rangsang Beradaptasi Mengeluarkan zat sisa.

PENGGOLONGAN SEL

Berdasarkan keadaan inti ada tidaknya endomembran

a. Sel Prokariotik : bakteri & alga birub. Sel Eukariotik

PERBEDAAN SEL

PROKARIOTIK EUKARIOTIK

Inti tidak memiliki membran Inti memiliki membran

Organel tidak dibatasi membran(tdk punya)

Organel dibatai membran

Membran tersusun atas peptidoglikan

Fosfolipid

Diameter 1-10 nm 10-100nm

Mengandung 4 subunit RNA polymerase

banyak

Susunan kromoson (genom) sirkuler

Linier

DNA di Nukleus DNA di Nukleous

PERBEDAAN SELORGANEL PROKARIO

TIKEUKARIOT

IK

Membran Plasma v v

Sitoplasma v v

Ribosom v v

Dinding sel v v

Mesosom v -

Nukleus v v

RE - v

Lisosom - v

Kompleks golgi - v

Mitokondria - v

Badan mikro - v

SEL BAKTERI

Sel Prokariotik bakteri Kosmopolitan hampir di semua

tempat Ciri:

Uniselluler Prokariot Tdk berklorofil 1-5 mikron Bebas / parasit.

STRUKTUR BAKTERI

Struktur Dasar: Dinding Sel Membran Plasma Sitoplasma Ribosom DNA

Sturktur Tambahan Kapsul Flagelum Pilus Fimbria Klorosom

KAPSUL Lapisan diluar dinding sel pada jenis bakteri

tertentu, bila lapisan tebal disebut kapsul bila tipis disebut lendir.

Tersusun atas polisakarida dan air

PILUS

Rambut menonjol di dinding sel

Seperti flagelum namun lebih pendek

Penghubung saat bakteri melakukan konjugasi

Perlekatan Terdapat pada bakteri

gram negatif : Escherchia coli

KLOROSOM Mengandung pigmen klorofil untuk

fotosintesis.

BENTUK BAKTERI

Bulat (kokus) Batang (basil) Spiral (spirilia) kokobasil

SEL EUKARIOTIKOrganel Sel Hewan Sel Tumbuhan

Dinding sel Jika ada,bukan selulosa.

Ada, mengandung selulosa

Kloroplas - Pada sel yang mengadakan fotosintesis

Sentrosom Sentriol

Ada -

vakuola Jika ada ukurannya kecil

Pada sel yang tua, besar dan jelas

Lisosom Ada Diduga ada karena memiliki enzym hidrolitik

Kompleks Golgi Ada Namanya Diktiosom

Plastida - Leukoplast berbentuk amilumKloroplast hijauKromoplast karoten

Perbedaan Sel Hewan dan Tumbuhan

VIRUS Parasit berukuran mikroskopik yang

menginfeksi sel organisme biologis. Lbh kecil dari sel 0,2 mikron. Virus Menginfeksi sel eukariota Fage sel prokariota Terdiri dari satu jenis protein dan asam

inti DNA atau RNA

Morfologi Fage Memiliki inti asam nukleat yang ditutupi oleh

selubung protein kapsid Kapsid terdiri dari sejumlah subunit protein

protomer

Morfologi Fage Dikelompokan dalam 6 tipe

Komponen

A B C D E F

Kepala heksagonal

v v v Tersusun oleh

kapsomer besar

Kapsomer kecil

Filamen

Ekor kaku

v v Lbh pendek

dari kepala

- -

Seludang kontraktil

v - - - -

Serabut ekor

v v/- v/- -

Daftar Pustaka

Cooper, Giaroffrey M. 2000. The Cell 2nd edition A Molecular Approach. Boston University

Gartner,Leslie P., James L. Hiatt, & Judy M. Strum. 2003. Board Review Series Cell Biology and Histology 4th edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams % Wilkins.

Junqueira,L.Carlos. Carneiro, Jose. and Kelley, O. Robert. Histology Dasar edisi 8. Jakarta: EGC.

Pelczar, Michael J,Jr. and E.C.S Chan. 1986 Dasar-Dasar Biologi. Jakarta: UI-Press.

THANK YOU