Cell Transport - WordPress.com · 2017. 10. 19. · Passive Transport •Diffusion: the process by...
Transcript of Cell Transport - WordPress.com · 2017. 10. 19. · Passive Transport •Diffusion: the process by...
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Cell Transport
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Passive Transport
• Passive transport- the movement of materials
across the cell membrane without using energy
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Passive Transport
• Diffusion: the process by which solute particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• Solution Solute + solvent
• Concentration
amount of substance in a given volume
• Cytoplasm: A solution of many different substances (solutes) dissolve in water.
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Concentration Gradient
Concentration Gradient: change in concentration
Concentration: the amount of substance in a specific area
HighConcentration
Low
Concentration
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Which side is high
concentration? Which side is
low concentration?
HIGH LOW
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Passive Transport
• Diffusion• Down concentration gradient
• From higher concentration to lower concentration
• Affected by size (more you have, the longer it takes)
• TYPES of diffusion:
•Simple diffusion•Diffusion through the lipid bilayer
(small molecules like O2, CO2)
•Facilitated diffusion•Diffusion through a channel protein
(small molecules)
•EXAMPLE : Osmosis •water molecules through aquaporins
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Demo 1: Dye in Water
Observe what happens when
drops of dye are put in water
How is it different in hot water?
Why?
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What direction are the dye molecules moving in terms of concentration gradient???
HIGH Low Until it reaches equilibrium
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Demo 2: Fragrance in Air
Raise your hand when you smell the lotion?
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With a Partner
Where was the concentration the
highest?
What slowly happened?
Please describe the two demos in terms of
concentration gradient.The ___________ moved from a _________
concentration to a __________
concentration.
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High Concentration
Low
Concentration
DIFFUSION:
Definition: The movement of any substance from a
HIGH concentrationto a LOW
concentration
Remember: NO ENERGY is required!
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Simple Diffusion
• Suppose a substance is present in unequal
concentrations on either side of a cell membrane.
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Simple Diffusion
• If the substance can cross the cell membrane, its particles
will tend to move toward the area where it is less
concentrated until it is evenly distributed.
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Simple Diffusion
• At that point, the concentration of the substance on both
sides of the cell membrane is the same, and equilibrium
is reached.
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Simple Diffusion
• Even when equilibrium is reached, particles of a solution
will continue to move across the membrane in both
directions.
• Because almost equal numbers of particles move in each
direction, there is no net change in the concentration on
either side.
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Factors that Affect
Rate of Diffusion
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Facilitated Diffusion
• Cell membranes have
proteins that act as
channels!
• Facilitated diffusion:
Molecules that cannot
directly move across the
membrane pass through
special protein channels.
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Osmosis: An Example of Facilitated Diffusion
• OSMOSIS: the movement of water through cell membranesextremely important processmovement of water molecules
from an area of higherconcentration to an area of lowerconcentration
The inside of a cell’s lipid bilayer is hydrophobic—or “water-hating.”(Water molecules struggle to get through!)
Aquaporins - water channel proteins
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How Osmosis Works
• Isotonic: the concentrations of solutes is the same inside and outside the cell
• Hypotonic: the solution has a lower solute concentration than the cell
• Hypertonic: the solution has as higher solute concentration than the cell
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Osmosis Practice
Below are animal cells placed in beakers of various
concentrations. Draw an error to
show which the water would move by osmosis.
Identify the type of solutions (isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic).
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Passive Transport
1) Movement of particles with NO ENERGY required.
2) Both osmosis and diffusion are types of PASSIVE TRANSPORT
Moving DOWN a concentration gradient.
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Active Transport
REQUIRES ENERGY!
Definition: Movement from a low concentration to a high concentration using a protein channel
HIGH
LOW
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Active Transport = NEED ENERGY
• Active transport- the movement of
materials against a concentration
difference• low concentration to high
concentration
• Requires energy (ATP)
• Carried out by transport proteins, or
protein “pumps”• Examples: endocytosis and exocytosis
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Which direction are the
molecules moving in active
transport?
The ___________ are moving from a _________ concentration to a __________ concentration. They are moving ____________________________
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Active Transport
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Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
• Endocytosis: Taking
material into cell by means of
pockets through cell
membrane
• Exocytosis: Many cells also
release large amounts of
material from the cell
• membrane of the vacuole
surrounding the material
fuses with the cell
membrane, forcing the
contents out of the cell.
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Endocytosis
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Exocytosis