Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound...
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![Page 1: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cell Theory and Structure
![Page 2: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Discovery of the Cell• Scientists did not start using simple compound
microscopes until the mid 1600’s.• Robert Hooke used an early compound microscope
to look at slices of cork.
• Hooke named the ‘seemingly empty’ chambers ‘cells.’
• Around the same time, Anton von Leeuwenhoek was using a single-lens microscope to observe unicellular organisms in pond water for the first time.
http://www.smithlifescience.com/cork2.GIF
![Page 3: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cell Theory
•Additional observations of cells in other living things led scientists to 3 basic conclusions, known as the cell theory.
•Cell Theory states:▫All living things are composed of cells.▫Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.▫New cells are produced from existing cells.
![Page 4: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
There are two categories of cells……
•Prokaryotes▫No nucleus▫Few organelles▫Small in size
▫Ex: Bacteria
EukaryotesEukaryotes– NucleusNucleus– Many Many
organellesorganelles– Large in sizeLarge in size– Ex: Humans, Ex: Humans,
plants, fungi, plants, fungi, etc.etc.
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/EukaryoticCell.jpg
http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkaryoticCell.jpg
![Page 5: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cell Structure
•All cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, have DNA and a cell membrane.
•Cells also contain organelles – specialized structures within the cell that perform certain tasks.
•These organelles float around in the cell’s cytoplasm, which is mostly made of water.
![Page 6: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Prokaryotes…….they’re simple.•Prokaryotes only have a
few basic structures:▫DNA▫Cell/plasma membrane▫Cell wall▫Ribosomes
▫Some use structures like pili, cilia, and flagellum to move in aquatic environments. http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php
![Page 7: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
….but they come in many varieties.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.harlem-school.com/10TH/sci_pdf/graphics/prokaryotic_entities.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.harlem-school.com/10TH/sci_pdf/sci.html&h=396&w=284&sz=32&hl=en&start=12&tbnid=dQsSJBBu88uFiM:&tbnh=124&tbnw=89&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddifferent%2Bshaped,%2Bprokaryotic%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive
![Page 8: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Eukaryotes are more complex.
•Eukaryotes can be multicellular or unicellular.
•Eukaryotes contain many organelles…….
![Page 9: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Do you know your Organelles?
![Page 10: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell (plasma) membrane
•Regulates what materials enter and leave the cell.
![Page 11: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Nucleus
• Controls most cell processes and contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA
![Page 12: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Ribosomes
• assemble proteins.▫ Some are free floating while others are attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum.
![Page 13: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
• There are two types:▫ Rough – chemically modifies proteins that are produced
by the ribosomes on its surface.▫ Smooth – contains specialized enzymes and makes lipid
components for the cell membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
![Page 14: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
•Sorts, modifies, and/or packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion from the cell.
Golgi apparatus
![Page 15: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Lysosomes contain enzymes that are specialized to digest lipids, carbs, proteins so their monomers can be reused
• Peroxisomess contain enzymes that are specialized to digest toxic substances
Lysosomes and peroxisomes
![Page 16: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cytoskeleton
•A network of protein filaments (microtubules and microfilaments) that help the cell move and maintain its shape
http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php
![Page 17: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
•Provides the cell with usable chemical energy ▫It is the site of cellular respiration.
Mitochondria
![Page 18: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
How are they different?
http://staff.tuhsd.k12.az.us/gfoster/standard/BCELL1_files/image005.jpg
http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/11/cell_structure.php
![Page 19: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Plant cells have special features…..•Plants contain:
▫Chloroplasts – create and store usable energy through the process of photosynthesis.
▫Cell wall – provides the cell with rigid structure.
▫1 Large vacuole – used for the storage of water and some other materials Animal cells usually have many small
vacuoles
![Page 20: Cell Theory and Structure. Discovery of the Cell Scientists did not start using simple compound microscopes until the mid 1600’s. Robert Hooke used an.](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022051820/56649ea35503460f94ba7a37/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Some organelles have their own DNA….•Only two organelles have their own DNA –
mitochondria and chloroplasts.•Endosymbiotic Theory – suggests that
mitochondria and chloroplasts are the decendents of ancient prokaryotes that developed symbiotic relationships with ancient cells.
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/images/chloroplastsfigure1.jpg http://en.citizendium.org/images/c/c7/MitochondriaSMALL2.jpg