Cell Structure and Functions.pptx

8/20/2019 Cell Structure and Functions.pptx

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Cell Structure andFunctions


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Functions of a cellParts of a cell

Cellular Respiration

GlycolysisKreb’s Cycle

Electron Transport Chain

Table of contents


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It it is the basic unit of life.It is the structural ,

Functional and biological

unit of eery liing

organis!.

What is a Cell ?


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How big is the cell


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Parts of a Cell


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E"ist as a pair near thenucleus.

Plays a part in the

seperaiton of

chro!oso!es duringcell diision

Centriole


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•Cilia (small and numerous) andflagella (large and single) have a 9 +2 attern of microtubules and areinvolved in cell movement!

•Cilia and flagella move when themicrotubule doublets slide ast oneanother!•"ach cilium and flagellum has abasal body at its base!

Cilia and Flagella


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# Consists of deo"yribonucleicacid $%&'( bound to proteins

$ found in the nucleus(.

#%uring cell diision, itcondenses to for! distinct

threadli)e structures called

chro!oso!es.

Chro!atin


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# site for !ost of the

che!ical actiities of the

cell.

Cytoplas!


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#flatten !e!brane bound structures.

# The outer surface of the RER is continous *ith the

!e!brane and it is coered *ith riboso!es

# it transports the proteins !ade by riboso!es to the

apparatus for secretion out of the cell.

#ough endolasmic #eticulum (#"#)


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# it is !ore tubular in structure and

attached to the RER

# it doesn+t hae riboso!es attached

to it.

# The ER synthesis substances li)e

fats and steriods# It is also inoled in the process of

deto"ification by conerting har!ful

substances into har!less substances.

!ooth Endoplas!ic Reticulu!$ER(


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# 'ppears as a stac) of flattenedspaces surrounded by !e!branes.

# -esicles tend to fuse at one side pf

the Golgi apparatus and pinch off fro!

the opposite side.

# It stores and !odifies substances produced by the ER

# It pac)ages substances in esicles

and secretes the! out of the cell.

Golgi 'pparatus


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:circular, but bigger thanribosomes

Nickname: $Clean-up Crews%

Function: to break down food into

particles the rest of the cell can useand to destroy old cells

Intracellular digestionReleases nutrientsreakdown of waste

Lysosomes


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The po*er /ouse of the cells

it conerts o"ygen and nutrients

into energy thourgh cellular

repiration.

0itochodiria


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Coordinates the cell+sactiities,1hich include gro*th,

!etabolic reactions, photo synthesis

and reproduction $cell diision(

tores the cell+s hereditary !aterial,

or %&' It consists of nuclear eneelope

*hich encloses the nucleoplas! and

%&'

&ucleus


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it is also called cell surface

!e!brane

It is lipid bilayer and !ay hae

proteins e!bedded in it

It is partially per!eable

!e!brane it regulates *hat enters and

leaes the cell and also proides

protection and support.

Plas!a 0e!brane


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It consists of plas!a

!e!brane, cyctoplas! and

nucleus.

It consists of about 234 to

534 *ater *ith dissoledsubstances li)e !ineral salts

and organic co!pounds.

Protoplas!


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& 'nvolved in rotein snthesis

& ound freel in the ctolasm or

attached to the surface of the rough

endolasmic reticulum

& #ibosomes found free in the

ctolasm ma*e roteins used withinthe cell!

ibosome attached to the #"# ma*e

rotiens that will be transorted out of

the cell!

Riboso!es


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tructure used to store

!aterials li)e *ater, salts,

proteins and carbohydrates.

-acuole


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Pro*arotes versus "u*aro

Celltructure

Pro*arotes

"u*arotes

i,e maller-&-.mmindiameter

/arger -.&-..mm indiameter

0uclearenveloe

1bsent Present

embrane boundorganelles

1bsent Present

nuclearmaterial

ingularloo of

circular301

3ouble&stranded

301arranged

8 a7or unctions f embrane


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Signal transduction is when the binding of the messenger

to the recetor triggers a chain reaction involving otherroteins5 which rela the message to a molecule that

erforms a secific activit inside the cell!

Cell-cell recognition is the abilit of a cell to distinguish one

te of neighboring cell from another! 6his attribute is

imortant in cell sorting and organi,ation as tissues andorgans in develoment! 't is also the basis for re7ection of

foreign cells b the immune sstem! Cells recogni,e other

cells b *eing on surface molecules5 often carbohdrates5

on the lasma membrane!

8 a7or unctions f embraneProteins



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Intercellular joining is when membrane roteins

of ad7acent cells ma be hoo*ed together invarious *inds of intercellular 7unctions! ome

membrane roteins (C1s) of this grou rovide

temorar binding sites that guide cell migration

and other cell&to&cell interactions!

Enzymatic activity is when a rotein built into themembrane ma be an en,me with its active site

e4osed to substances in the ad7acent solution! 'n

some cases5 several en,mes in a membrane act

as a team that catal,es se:uential stes of a

metabolic athwa as indicated (left to right) here!




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Cell-cell recognition is when some glcoroteins

(roteins bonded to short chains of sugars) serve asidentification tags that are secificall recogni,ed b

other cells!

Attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular

matrix (ECM! "lements of the ctos*eleton (cell;s

internal suorts) and the e4tracellular matri4 (fibers

and other substances outside the cell) ma be

anchored to membrane roteins5 which hel maintain

cell shae and fi4 the location of certain membrane

roteins! thers la a role in cell movement or bind

ad7acent cells together


Cell Structure and Functions.pptx

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