Cell Structure and Function

OBJECTIVE

Today we will talk about the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. We will also review for the quiz tomorrow by playing a game!

The Cell Theory

All living things are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

New cells are produced from existing cells.

Types of Cells

Two kinds of cells depending on whether they have a nucleus

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Genetic material

Prokaryotes

Usually small and simple

Genetic material (DNA) is not contained in a nucleus

The ONLY prokaryotes in the world are BACTERIA.

Prokaryotic Cells

Eukaryotes

Usually larger and more complex than prokaryotes.

May be unicellular like an amoeba or multicellular like a plant

Contain dozens of specialized structures called organelles.

Includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.

Eukaryotic cells

Lysosomes-The Clean Up Crew

Function: Breakdown of lipids,

carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules to be used by the rest of the cell

Breakdown used up organelles

Get rid of all “stuff” in the cell

Structure: Small, filled with

enzymes

Plant vs. Animal Cell

Vacuoles - Storage

Function:Stores water, salts,

proteins and carbohydrates

Structure:Sac-likePlant cells have one

large central vacuoleAnimal cells have

many small vacuoles

Chloroplasts – Energy in Plants

Function: Captures energy from the

sun (solar energy) and changes it into food (chemical energy) for plants (photosynthesis)

Structure: Surrounded by two

membranes Contains own genetic

information like mitochondria

Contains green pigment called chlorophyll

Not found in animal cells!

CILIA/FLAGELLA

Cilia are short hair-like structures that help the cell move around.

Flagella are long whip-like structures that also assist the cell in moving.

Cell Wall

Function:Provides support and

protection for the cell

Structure:Lies outside the cell

membraneFound in plants,

algae, fungi and many bacteria

NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS!