Cell Structure
description
Transcript of Cell Structure
1
Function
Cellular Organelles
Cell Structure
Cells
Cells
3
Functions of Cells
C ell F u n c t ion
R e leas in g en e rg y from food .
M ak in g n ew ce lls fo r g row th an d rep a ir.
G ettin g rid o f b od y w as tes .
C e ll work tog e th e r to p e rfo rm b as ic life p rocesses th a t keep org an ism s a live .
4
A cell is a basic unit of structure and function of life. Cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive.
Your body is made up of specialized cells which carry out the processes needed for life
What are cells?
5
Genetic material◦Contains the material for life
(DNA)
Cytoplasm fills cell interior – Liquid◦Contains organelles sugars,
amino acids
Plasma (cell) membrane encloses the cell – It is like the cells skin
Main Cell Components
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
8
Cytoplasm Not an organelle, suspends the organelles
Cell Membrane Nucleus Mitochondria Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Golgi Bodies Vacuoles
Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs)
9
Gel-like substance which holds all the cell components together
Made mostly of water Place where many chemical reactions occur
Cytoplasm
10
The flexible double-layered “skin” of the cell Just like our skin holds us together, the cell
membrane holds the cell and its components together
It also allows the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Cell Membrane
11
Controls the cell – akin to our brains controlling us
Holds the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on Chromosomes
Directs activities of the cell Usually one per cell, some cells have several
(muscle) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) Spherical in shape
Nucleus – The Brain
12
DNA of eukaryotes is divided into linear chromosomes. ◦Contains all the information needed for
life (genes)◦We have 23 pairs = 46 Total, half from
mom and half from dad
Chromosomes
13
Mitochondria• "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses Glucose to provide cells
with energy (Cellular Respiration)
Glucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy• Cells that use a lot of energy have more• Structure - outer and inner membranes
14
◦ Network of transportation tubes which transport cellular substances around the cell (akin to a subway network transporting people from place to place)
◦ Location where some proteins are made
Endoplasmic Reticulum
15
◦Collect and process materials to be removed from the cell
◦Create and secrete mucus which is used as lining for the intestine and stomach
Golgi Bodies
16
Large vacuoles are found in plants while animals have small vacuoles
Contain unwanted substances for removal Maintaining internal pressures (Plant)
Vacuoles
17
Chloroplasts
Central vacuole
Cell wall
Plant Cells ONLY!
18
Chloroplasts• Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than
mitochondria• Contain chlorophyll which gives plants their green colour
and also allows them to absorb light to be used to create sugar in the process of photosynthesis
19
Performed in the Chloroplasts of plant cellsCarbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen
Photosynthesis
20
All energy starts with plants?
Plants make energy through photosynthesis?
Sugar is energy?
True or False?
21
Within plant cells, photosynthesis takes place to produce glucose (sugar)
The sugar is then used within the mitochondria (cellular respiration) of both plants and animals
How do the animals obtain the glucose?
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
22
It’s a Cycle!!
The products of photosynthesisare the reactants of cellular respiration
The products of cellular respiration are Are the reactants of photosynthesis
YOU CAN’T HAVE ONE WITHOUT THE OTHER!!
Cellular RespirationGlucose + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy Glucose (Sugar) + OxygenPhotosynthesis
23
All energy starts with plants?
Plants make energy through photosynthesis?
Sugar is energy?
True or False Answers?
24
Plant cells usually have one large vacuole Maintains the cells pressure keeps the
plants stems and leaves firm Can be used for storage of wastes to
be removed
Vacuole
25
Found just outside the cell membrane in plant cells
Hard structure made of cellulose (a kind of sugar)
Provide support and protection
Cell Wall
26
Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation