Cell Specialization

1. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

1. Prokaryotes have NO nucleus, Eukaryotes have a nucleus

2. Prokaryotes= only unicellular, Eukaryotes= unicellular OR multicellular

2. How are multicellular organisms different from unicellular

organisms?

They have different types of cells

3. Cell Specialization

• Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks

4. Cell Differentiation

• Process by which a cell changes from one cell type to another

5. All cells start as a ‘generic’ cell called a stem cell

Stem cells – cells of humans that can develop into different cell types

In case you were wondering why they’re called stem cells:

Stem Cell Humor

6. Cell Specialization= Same instructions – different jobs

A. Every cell in your body has the same DNA

B. Before cells become specialized, they are known as Stem Cells

C. Early in development, pieces of DNA are switched on or off

D. The on/off switch determines what kind of cell you’ll make

E. This is specialization or differentiation

7. Cell Communication- Cells communicate with one another by

secreting and receiving chemicals

- 8. Chemicals released by one cell can influence the activity of another cell

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/cellcom/

9. Communication from hormones tells stem cells what

type of cell to become.

10. Cell SpecializationThe specific form (structure) of a cell allows it to perform a specific function

– FORM RELATES TO FUNCTION.

11. Specialized cells to know

Find the chart of different cells, we’ll fill this out together

Blood Cells are small and rounded.

They must carry oxygen throughout the body

Blood cells have to be small and round so they don’t get stuck. Sickle shaped RBCs

can cause health problems

Variety of blood cells

Red Blood Cell Joke:

A red blood cell walked into a busy restaurant.

The hostess asked, "Would you like a table?“

The red blood cell replied, "No thanks, I'll just circulate."

Nerve cells are long and have many branches.

The long branches enable the cells to communicate messages very quickly.

Fun Fact:

Fun Fact 2:Nerve cells are the slowest to reproduce, skin cells are the

fastest

Hopefully this joke

won’t get on your nerves…

Muscle cells are long, thick and packed with mitochondria.

They must be able to shorten (flex) by using lots of ATP!

Examples of Cell SpecializationSperm Cell

- fertilizes egg

- strong tail for quick swimming, distinct head for entering egg cell

- lots of mitochondria for energy to swim

Fun Fact:

This is a human egg cell. Egg cells aren’t on this list because of sexist reasons. They’re not on the list because they look like normal cells.

Plant Cell Specialization: • Xylem to transport water

• Phloem to transport food

• These are long, thin cells that stretch out

In plants, xylem tissue carries water and phloem carries sugar (food). They are made of vascular cells.

They must be thin and able to stretch. 4 and 5 are vessels lined with xylem and phloem cells.

12. How are these different cells organized?

Levels of Organization

Smallest unit

Largest unit

13. Nothing is “alive” until it’s at least a cell

Next step, you have two (2) choices:

Option 1:

• Get the webquestpaper from the front and complete it

Option 2: • Get the “Cells of

Your Body” Microslide activity, slide viewer, and packet from the front and complete it

Whichever paper you choose to complete is due by the end of class. Staple it to your note sheet and turn it in after you take the quizizz.