Cell OrganellesCell Organelles

Learning Intentions: 1. Recognize the cell as the basic unit of livingthings.

2. Describe the structure of a generalized plant andanimal cell and describe the functions of thecellular components and organelles.

Key words TXTKey words TXT

6362726363627263

68253876825387

77652796837765279683

385279683385279683

Once you have worked these out find out what they mean in your books

The CellThe Cell

• Cells are the basic unit of living thingsCells are the basic unit of living things

- All living things are made of 1 or more - All living things are made of 1 or more cellscells

• Cells are tiny!Cells are tiny!

http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/scale/

Two general types of cellTwo general types of cell

Prokaryotic cellProkaryotic cell

Before the NucleusBefore the Nucleus

Simple circular DNA chainSimple circular DNA chain

No membrane bound organellesNo membrane bound organelles

Eukaryotic cellEukaryotic cell

The true NucleusThe true Nucleus

Folded DNAFolded DNA

Membrane bound organellesMembrane bound organelles

Animal CellsAnimal Cells

Do not have a regular shapeDo not have a regular shape

Some can alter their shape Some can alter their shape

eg. Phagocytes or amoebaeg. Phagocytes or amoeba

Contain some different organelles than Contain some different organelles than plantsplants

OrganellesOrganelles• This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. This is the name given to the ‘organs’ of the cell. • Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells Each organelle has a particular role to play in the cells

function function

• You will need to know: You will need to know: Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane RibosomesRibosomes

MicrovilliMicrovilli Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

NucleusNucleus Golgi BodiesGolgi Bodies VacuoleVacuole

LysosomesLysosomes MitochondriaMitochondria CentriolesCentrioles

ChloroplastsChloroplasts Cell wallCell wall CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

http://www.wiley.com/legacy/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cell_structure/cell_structure.htm

CentriolesCentrioles

- - Involved in cellular Involved in cellular division division

- Paired cylindrical - Paired cylindrical organelles near nucleusorganelles near nucleus- Composed of nine tubes, - Composed of nine tubes, each with three tubuleseach with three tubules

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

- Composed of microtubules- Composed of microtubules- Supports cell and provides - Supports cell and provides shapeshape- Aids movement of - Aids movement of materials in and out of materials in and out of cellscells

Golgi apparatusGolgi apparatus

- Protein 'packaging plant'- Protein 'packaging plant'- A membrane structure found near nucleus- A membrane structure found near nucleus- Composed of numerous layers forming a sac- Composed of numerous layers forming a sac

Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

- - Stores, separates, and Stores, separates, and serves as cell's transport serves as cell's transport systemsystem- Smooth type: lacks - Smooth type: lacks ribosomesribosomes- Rough type (pictured): - Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in ribosomes embedded in surfacesurface

LysosomeLysosome

- Digestive 'plant' for - Digestive 'plant' for proteins, lipids, and proteins, lipids, and carbohydratescarbohydrates- Transports undigested - Transports undigested material to cell membrane material to cell membrane for removalfor removal

MitochondriaMitochondria

- Second largest organelle- Second largest organelle- Double-layered outer - Double-layered outer membrane with inner folds membrane with inner folds called called cristaecristae- Energy-producing - Energy-producing chemical reactions take chemical reactions take place on cristaeplace on cristae

RibosomesRibosomes

- Each cell contains - Each cell contains thousandsthousands- Site of protein synthesis. - Site of protein synthesis.

VacuolesVacuoles

- Membrane-bound sacs - Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and for storage, digestion, and waste removalwaste removal- Contains water solution- Contains water solution- Contractile vacuoles for - Contractile vacuoles for water removal (in unicellular water removal (in unicellular organisms)organisms)

Cell MembraneCell MembraneThe outer covering of the cell consisting of a lipid bilayer ( this means 2 layers of lipids) with proteins embedded in it.

http://www.susanahalpine.com/anim/Life/memb.htm

Your task Your task

You are to make your own cell using lolliesYou are to make your own cell using lollies

Draw a cell membrane on a piece of paperDraw a cell membrane on a piece of paper

Ribosomes: Ribosomes:

Endoplasmic Reticulum: Endoplasmic Reticulum:

Nucleus: Nucleus: Pineapple lumpPineapple lump

Golgi Bodies: Golgi Bodies:

Vacuole: Vacuole:

Lysosomes: Lysosomes: baby applesbaby apples

Mitochondria: Mitochondria:

CentriolesCentrioles

Cell wallCell wall

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton

Why are there different Why are there different types of cells?types of cells?

• Cells differ because they Cells differ because they have different functions. have different functions.

• Each type of cell contains Each type of cell contains different genetic materials.different genetic materials.

Sperm CellSperm Cell Nerve cellNerve cell

Epithelial cellEpithelial cell Ciliated epitheliumCiliated epithelium

Red Blood CellRed Blood Cell White Blood CellWhite Blood Cell

Muscle CellMuscle Cell

Plant cellsPlant cells

Hold a fixed shapeHold a fixed shape

Enclosed in a cellulose wallEnclosed in a cellulose wall

Have parts animal cells don’tHave parts animal cells don’t

Cell WallCell Wall

Composed of celluloseComposed of cellulose

ProtectsProtects

Supports cell and maintains shapeSupports cell and maintains shape

Limits cell volume preventing excessive Limits cell volume preventing excessive water uptakewater uptake

Large vacuoleLarge vacuole

Filled with aqueous solution of ionsFilled with aqueous solution of ions

ProminentProminent

StorageStorage

Waste disposalWaste disposal

GrowthGrowth

ChloroplastChloroplast

Contain chlorophyllContain chlorophyll

Used for photosynthesisUsed for photosynthesis

Plant Cell SpecialisationPlant Cell Specialisation

Draw a small sketch of the following Draw a small sketch of the following examples on your handout.examples on your handout.

Cells have special features to enable them Cells have special features to enable them to carry out their functionto carry out their function

See handoutSee handout

Root hair cellRoot hair cell Palisade cellPalisade cell

Guard cellGuard cell Pollen grainPollen grain

Xylem and PhloemXylem and Phloem