Cell Organelles. Features Found in all Cells Cell membrane Cytoplasm DNA ribosomes.
Cell Organelles - Kaye Science the nucleus the cell will be ... Smooth ER (SER) has no ribosomes ......
Transcript of Cell Organelles - Kaye Science the nucleus the cell will be ... Smooth ER (SER) has no ribosomes ......
Cell Membrane● Found: Bacteria (B), Plants (P), Animal
Cells (A)● Structure:
○ Made of fat and protein molecules○ Constantly moving and fluid-like
because it’s made of liquid fats● Function:
○ Acts as a filter and passageway for things moving in and out of the cell.
○ Goal: keep the bad stuff out, let the good stuff in
Cytoplasm● Found: B, P, A cells● Structure:
○ Jellylike fluid that is mainly made of water
● Function: ○ Suspends and supports the cell’s
organelles.○ Place where many of the cell’s
most important chemical activities occur.
Nucleus● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ Round and surrounded by a membrane that protects DNA and lets messages go in and out of the nucleus
● Function: ○ Manages cell functions; the DNA inside
the nucleus is the instruction manual for the cell’s activities
○ Without the nucleus the cell will be unable to create new cells and will eventually die.
Ribosomes● Found: B, P, A cells● Structure:
○ Consists of RNA and proteins○ The smallest organelles
● Function: ○ DNA (instructions) → RNA (messenger)
→ amino acids (building blocks) → proteins
○ These proteins are used in your cells’ membranes for building muscles, creating blood cells, enzymes, etc.
Chromatin● Found: B, P, A cells● Structure:
○ Consists of DNA bound to proteins○ When cell is ready to divide,
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
● Function: ○ Contains genetic information that it
passes from one generation to the next
Endoplasmic Reticulum● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ A series of interconnecting tubes around the nucleus
○ Rough ER (RER) has ribosomes○ Smooth ER (SER) has no ribosomes
● Function: ○ RER - helps the ribosomes finish
making the proteins○ SER - makes molecules of fat (lipid)
to be used in the cell’s membranes and throughout the body.
Golgi Apparatus● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ A series of flattened membranes with vesicles extending from all sides usually near cell membrane
● Function: ○ Takes proteins and fats made by
SER and RER and stores packages and sends them whenever needed.
○ The cell’s own UPS service
Lysosome● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ Contains several different enzymes similar to enzymes in digestive systems.
● Function: ○ Breaks down material from damaged
organelles, some food molecules and any toxic substance in the cell.
Mitochondria● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ Has a highly folded inner membrane that surrounds a fluid called the matrix
● Function: ○ The place where the energy stored in
glucose (sugar) molecules is finally released so it can be used to power all the cell’s functions.
Cytoskeleton● Found: B, P, A cells● Structure:
○ Comes in 3 different shapes and is made of protein
● Function: ○ Like a freeway system used to relay
messages throughout the cell○ Gives support to the cell and its
organelles and assists in cell division.
Vacuoles● Found: P, A cells● Structure:
○ Contains water, food, waste, and/or pigments.
● Function: ○ A storage bin for the cell.○ It stores water and/or pigments
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Chloroplasts● Found: P cells ONLY● Structure:
○ Has internal membrane structure that looks like stacks of pancakes
● Function: ○ Place where photosynthesis occurs○ Energy from the sun is used to make
glucose (sugar) here
Cell Wall● Found: P cells● Structure:
○ Made of carbohydrates○ Has large holes throughout its
surface● Function:
○ Provide structure, shape and stability for the plant (it’s like a skeletal system for the plant)
○ Because of the holes in its surface it lets most things pass through it, even things harmful to the cell.