Cell Organelles. 3-2 Animal cell anatomy 3-3 Plant cell anatomy.
-
Upload
elijah-singleton -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
2
Transcript of Cell Organelles. 3-2 Animal cell anatomy 3-3 Plant cell anatomy.
Cell OrganellesCell Organelles
3-3-22
Animal cell anatomyAnimal cell anatomy
3-3-33
Plant cell anatomyPlant cell anatomy
Anatomy of a ProtistAnatomy of a Protist
Cell OrganellesCell OrganellesOrganelleOrganelle= “little organ”= “little organ”
Found only inside Found only inside eukaryotic cellseukaryotic cells
All the stuff in between All the stuff in between the organelles is the organelles is cytosolcytosol
Everything in a cell Everything in a cell except the nucleus is except the nucleus is cytoplasm cytoplasm
- found in all cellsfound in all cells
Cell MembraneCell MembraneBoundary of the cellBoundary of the cell
Made of a phospholipid bilayerMade of a phospholipid bilayer
Regulates what enters and leaves the cellRegulates what enters and leaves the cell
NucleusNucleusControl center of the cellControl center of the cell
Contains Contains chromatinchromatin
- - DNA and proteinDNA and protein
DNA contains genetic infoDNA contains genetic info
Surrounded by a Surrounded by a Nuclear Nuclear
Envelope Envelope -- double layer of double layer of membranemembrane
- - contains openings called contains openings called nuclear pores nuclear pores which allow which allow materials to pass into and out of materials to pass into and out of the nucleusthe nucleus
Nucleolus Nucleolus - makes ribosome - makes ribosome parts – rRNA and proteinparts – rRNA and protein
CytoskeletonCytoskeletonActs as Acts as skeletonskeleton and and musclemuscle
Provides shape and Provides shape and structurestructure
Helps move organelles Helps move organelles around the cellaround the cell
Made of three types of Made of three types of filaments – all 3 are filaments – all 3 are made of proteinmade of protein
CentrioleCentrioleAids in cell divisionAids in cell division
Usually found only in Usually found only in animal cellsanimal cells
Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules
Where else have we talked about microtubules?
Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum
A.k.a. “ER”A.k.a. “ER”Connected to nuclear Connected to nuclear membranemembraneHighway of the cellHighway of the cellRough ERRough ER: studded : studded with ribosomes; it with ribosomes; it collects proteins made collects proteins made by ribosmesby ribosmesSmooth ERSmooth ER: no : no ribosomes; it makes ribosomes; it makes lipids – detoxifies lipids – detoxifies alcoholalcohol
RibosomeRibosomeSite of protein Site of protein synthesissynthesis
Found attached to Found attached to rough ER or floating rough ER or floating free in cytoplasmfree in cytoplasm
Ribosomes in Ribosomes in cytoplasm can form cytoplasm can form groups called groups called polysomespolysomes That looks familiar…what is a That looks familiar…what is a
polypeptidepolypeptide??
Golgi ApparatusGolgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of Looks like a stack of platesplates
Stores, modifies and Stores, modifies and packages proteinspackages proteins
Molecules transported Molecules transported to and from the Golgi to and from the Golgi by means of by means of vesiclesvesicles
- vesicles are sacks of - vesicles are sacks of membrane which membrane which transport materials transport materials through out the cellthrough out the cell
Some vesicles become lysosomes
Some vesicles travel to the cell membrane where their contents are excreted
LysosomesLysosomesRecycling center of Recycling center of the cellthe cell
Contain digestive Contain digestive enzymes that break enzymes that break down worn out cell down worn out cell parts, large molecules parts, large molecules and wastesand wastes
Which organelles do lysosomes work with?
MitochondriaMitochondria““Powerhouse of the Powerhouse of the cell”cell”Cellular respirationCellular respiration occurs here to release occurs here to release energy in the form of energy in the form of ATP for the cell to useATP for the cell to useBound by a double Bound by a double membranemembraneHas its own loop of Has its own loop of DNA – like bacterial DNA – like bacterial DNADNA
ChloroplastChloroplastFound in plant cells Found in plant cells and some protistsand some protists
Contains the green Contains the green pigment pigment chlorophyllchlorophyll
Site of photosynthesisSite of photosynthesis
- produces sugar - produces sugar
double membranedouble membrane
contains a loop of DNA contains a loop of DNA like bacterial DNAlike bacterial DNA
Cell WallCell WallFound in Found in plantplant, fungi , fungi and and bacterialbacterial cells cells
Rigid, protective Rigid, protective barrierbarrier
Located Located outsideoutside of the of the cell membranecell membrane
Made of cellulose Made of cellulose ((fiberfiber))
VacuolesVacuolesLarge Large central vacuole central vacuole found found in many in many plantplant cells: contains cells: contains water, salt etc..water, salt etc..
- forms over time as many - forms over time as many smaller vacuoles fuse together smaller vacuoles fuse together – can be 80% of cells interior– can be 80% of cells interior
Smaller Smaller vacuoles vacuoles foundfound in in animalanimal cells cells
- - food vacuolesfood vacuoles – form when – form when a cell engulfs fooda cell engulfs food
- - contractile vacuolescontractile vacuoles found found in some freshwater protists-in some freshwater protists-pump out excess waterpump out excess water
What type of microscope may have been used to take this picture?
Vacuoles in Animal Cells
Movement - FlagellaMovement - Flagella
FlagellaFlagella – Long hair-like structure – found in some bacteria, and eukaryotic cells
- most eukaryotes with flagella have a single flagella
- flagella are made of
bundles of
microtubules
Movement - CiliaMovement - Cilia
CiliaCilia – – Short oar-like structures that canShort oar-like structures that can
move the cell or be used to be move other move the cell or be used to be move other thingsthings
- found in animal cells and some protists- found in animal cells and some protists
- found in our throats to move mucus- found in our throats to move mucus
Quick ReviewQuick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Which organelle is the control center of the cell? NucleusNucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membraneCell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplastsCell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Which organelle helps plant cells make food?ChloroplastsChloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum
What do you need to know to be an What do you need to know to be an organelle Pro?organelle Pro?
cytosol* cytoplasm* cytoskeleton* cytosol* cytoplasm* cytoskeleton*
cell/plasma membrane* nucleus* nuclear envelope* cell/plasma membrane* nucleus* nuclear envelope*
nuclear pores* nucleolus* centriolenuclear pores* nucleolus* centrioleA
Rough E R* Smooth E R* Rough E R* Smooth E R* ribosomes*ribosomes*
golgi apparatus* vesicles* lysosomes*golgi apparatus* vesicles* lysosomes*
mitochondria* chloroplastmitochondria* chloroplastP cell wall cell wallP
flagella*flagella* cilia cilia
vacuoles – centralvacuoles – centralP, food, foodA and contractile and contractile Know which organelles are found in both plants and Know which organelles are found in both plants and animals * found only in animal cells animals * found only in animal cells A found only in plant found only in plant cells cells P