Cell Division Mitosis. Cell Division What is it? Why do Cells do it? Why is it important to me?
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Transcript of Cell Division Mitosis. Cell Division What is it? Why do Cells do it? Why is it important to me?
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Cell Division
Mitosis
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Cell Division
What is it?
Why do Cells do it?
Why is it important to
me?
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Cell Division
Also known as Mitosis
Takes place in Regular Body Cells
Keeps Cells Living and Growing
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Phases of Mitosis
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Mitosis
The Basic Phases of a Cell’s Life:
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase
• Cytokinesis
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Interphase
The longest stage of a Cell’s life
The time spent between divisions
Produces all materials required
for growth
Preparation for division
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Part of Interphase is also known as the G1 Phase of the Cell Cycle
(Growth Phase)
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The Second part of Interphase is known as the S Phase of the Cell Cycle
(Synthesis Phase – when DNA duplicates)
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The third part of the Cell Cycle, G2, is just a checkpoint to make sure the DNA is correct.
Next step –
Mitosis
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Mitosis:Cell Division
The last part of the Cell Cycle is called Mitosis and has 4 phases during which the cell divides into 2 cells
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ProphaseThe Cell begins
the division process
1.The nucleolus disappears,
2.The nuclear membrane breaks apart
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3. The chromosomes become visible
4. The spindle apparatus forms and attaches to the centromeres of the chromosomes
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Metaphase
The Second Phase of Mitosis
1.The Nuclear Membrane is completely gone
2. The duplicated chromosomes line up along the cell's equator.
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Anaphase
The third phase of Mitosis
Diploid sets of daughter chromosomes separate
They are pushed and pulled toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers
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Spindle Fibers
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Telophase
The nuclear membrane and nucleoli (nucleus) reform.
Cytokinesis is nearly complete,
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The Cell Plate begins to form
The Cell prepares for finial division
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Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis
The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear material are evenly split and two new cells are formed.
Cell Plate
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The two new cells – each exactly like the other – are called Daughter Cells
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Quick Review:
The following slides are drawings of the stages of Mitosis. On your notes, please draw each phase and label it.
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Interphase – The Cell spends the majority of its life here, growing and functioning. During the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis
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In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes get small, centrioles move to the poles of the nucleus, and spindle fibers develop
Pair of Centrioles
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes consisting of 2 Sister Chromatids
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Late Prophase happens when the Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and spindle fibers begin to move Chromosomes toward the center of cell.
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
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During Metaphase the Chromosomes line up across center of the cell, also called the equator, or Metaphase plate.
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
Equator, or Metaphase Plate
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In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite ends of cellular spindle
Daughter Chromosomes
Chromosome
Chromatid
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In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the Cytoplasm starts to divide
Cleavage Furrow
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Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm divides and two cells with identical genetic material are formed
Daughter Cells
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A B C
D E
Quick Review – Place Cells in Mitosis Order
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Quick Review: Identify What happens in each phase of Mitosis:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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Why Do Cells Divide?
The larger a cell becomes, the more demands the cell places on it's DNA.
It also has more trouble moving enough food and wastes across its cell membrane.
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The bigger the cell gets the harder it becomes to move food and waste across the membrane
Food goes in
Waste goes out
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This happens because the surface area and volume ratio does not stay the same as the cell size increases.
Protein Pumps
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The cell's ability to either get substances from the outside or eliminate waste from the inside is related to the surface area of the cell membrane. (outside)
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How much food and other material is required, and how much waste the cell produces and has to get rid of, is related to the volume of the cell. (inside)
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As a cell gets bigger there comes a time when its surface area is not large enough to meet the demands of the cell's volume and the cell stops growing.
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So, once cells reach a certain size they must divide in order to continue to function – or they will no longer be able to take in nutrients and eliminate waste.
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Why Is Cell Division Important?
1. All Living Things are made of Cells
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2. The Cell is the basic unit of Structure and Function in Living Things.
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3. All Cells come from pre existing Cells
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References
• Catherine Patterson
• Nelson 10 Science perspectives