CELCE-MURCIA, LARSEN-FREEMAN Introduction (1999)

• What is the fundamental disagreement on how people learn a second language mentioned by the authors?

• Important goals in SLA:

Using language grammatically (L2 structure) +

Being able to communicate (L2 communicative use)

CELCE-MURCIA, LARSEN-FREEMAN Introduction (1999)

- Three grammatical levels: Subsentential level => word level =>morphologySentential level => sentence level => syntaxSuprasentential level => text level => discourse

CELCE-MURCIA, LARSEN-FREEMAN Introduction (1999)

• Rules – are not airtight formulations => language is mutable, organic

• Giving reasons, not rules, for why grammar functions as it does

• A conceptual framework for teaching grammar (three dimensions):

form => morphosyntax/syntax => accuracymeaning => semantics => meaningfulness

use => pragmatics => appropriateness

CELCE-MURCIA, LARSEN-FREEMAN Introduction (1999)

• Formal linguistic theories• Functional linguistic theories • Teaching GRAMMARING => grammar as a skill• Teaching GRAMMAR RULES => grammar as an area of knowledge

• Challenges involved in the teaching/learning of “grammaring”: teaching/learning techniques learnability = student readiness to learn a particular aspect of the

target language language variability – language is both an abstract system and a

socially constructed practice